Scutellaria baicalensis stem-leaf total flavonoid reduces neuronal apoptosis induced by amyloid beta-peptide (25-35)

Scutellaria baicalensis stem-leaf total flavonoid might attenuate learning/memory impairment and neuronal loss in rats induced by amyloid beta-peptide. This study aimed to explore the effects of Scutellaria baicalensis stem-leaf total flavonoid on amyloid beta-peptide-induced neuronal apoptosis and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins in the rat hippocampus. Male Wistar rats were given intragastric administration of Scutellaria baicalensis stem-leaf total flavonoid, 50 or 100 mg/kg, once per day. On day 8 after administration, 10 pg amyloid beta-peptide （25-35） was injected into the bilateral hippocampus of rats to induce neuronal apoptosis. On day 20, hippocampal tissue was harvested and probed with the terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotin-16-dUTP nick-end labeling assay. Scutellaria baicalensis stem-leaf total flavonoid at 50 and 100 mg/kg reduced neuronal apoptosis induced by amyloid beta-peptide （25-35） in the rat hippocampus. Immunohistochemistry and western blot assay revealed that expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax, cytochrome c and caspase-3 was significantly diminished by 50 and 100 mg/kg Scutellaria baicalensis stem-leaf total flavonoid, while expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was increased. Moreover, 100 mg/kg Scutellana baicalensis stem-leaf total flavonoid had a more dramatic effect than the lower dosage. These experimental findings indicate that Scutellaria baicalensis stem-leaf total flavonoid dose-dependently attenuates neuronal apoptosis induced by amyloid beta-peptide in the hippocampus, and it might mediate this by regulating the expression of Bax, cytochrome c, caspase-3 and Bcl-2.

Tau protein,phosphorylated tau protein,and beta-amyloid 42 levels in patients with neurodegenerative diseases complicated by cognitive deficits A non-randomized,concurrent,case-control investigation

BACKGROUND： The differential diagnosis of many neurodegenerative disorders depends primarily on clinical symptoms together with imaging methods. Recently, increased importance has been placed on the use of biomarkers for diagnosing various neurodegenerative disorders. OBJECTIVE： To assess the feasibility of tau-protein, phosphorylated tau-protein, beta-amyloid 42 （Aβ42）, and 14-3-3 protein as biomarkers for diagnosing several neurodegenerative diseases complicated by cognitive deficits. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A non-randomized, concurrent, case-control investigation was performed in three medical centers in the Czech Republic （Department of Neurology at the University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Department of Neurology at the 2rd Medical Faculty, and the University Hospital Motol） between October 2000 and November 2006. PARTICIPANTS： Eighteen patients with probable AIzheimer＇s disease, 4 patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, 10 patients with frontotemporal dementia, 9 patients with clinically isolated syndrome suggestive of multiple sclerosis, and 7 patients with multiple sclerosis, as well as 38 race-, nationality-, and age-matched cognitively intact controls, were included in the study. Diagnoses were established based on the following criteria： the criteria for Alzheimer＇s disease proposed by the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke/Alzheimer＇s Disease and Related Disorders Association, WHO criteria for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Neary criteria for frontotemporal dementia, and McDonald＇s criteria for multiple sclerosis. All included patients were confirmed to suffer from various degrees of dementia. METHODS： Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure concentrations of tau-protein, phosphorylated tau-protein, and Aβ42 in cerebrospinal fluid （CSF） samples collected by standard lumbar puncture from each patient. Moreover, 14-3-3 protein was assessed by Western blot in CSF of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease patients. Cognitive status was assessed using the Mini Mental Scale Examination （MMSE） in all subjects. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Establishment of biomarkers with greatest specificity and sensitivity for the investigated disorders according to Receiver Operating Characteristic curves, which were based on values from patients and controls; correlation between concentrations of given biomarkers and demographic parameters, diagnosis, duration of disease, and level of cognitive deficit. RESULTS： Increased concentrations of total tau protein and phosphorylated tau protein, and decreased levels of Aβ42, in CSF of Alzheimer＇s disease patients reached the required sensitivity/specificity ratio of 80% or greater. A marked elevation in CSF concentrations of total tau protein showed even greater sensitivity than 14-3-3 protein in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. There was no association between selected biomarkers and frontotemporal dementia or multiple sclerosis. Phosphorylated tau-protein was the only biomarker that noticeably correlated with MMSE scores for Alzheimer＇s disease.CONCLUSION： Levels of total tau protein, phosphorylated tau protein, and A!342 in the CSF could differentiate patients with Alzheimer＇s disease and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease from healthy controls and patients with other neurodegenerative disorders. The diversity of absolute values demonstrates the necessity to establish a specific standard for each laboratory.

The Mechanism of Cornus officinalis Total Glycosides and Cornus Polysaccharide on Myocardial Protection in Rats with Acute Myocardial Infarction

Objective: To investigate effects of Cornus officinalis Total Glycosides (COTG) and Cornus Polysaccharide (CP) on myocardial protection and on expression of mitochondria biogenesis related gene of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rats, Materials and Methods: Ninety-six SD rats of SPF level were randomly divided into 5 groups: sham operation group, model group, preventive treatment group, COTG treatment group, CP treatment group, and there were 12 cases in each one. By legating the left anterior descending branch of coronary artery method, acute myocardial infarction model was established. The rat of sham operation group and model group was intragastric administered with physiological saline;other groups were given with corresponding drugs. The cardiac function, the myocardial infarct area, the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis genes such as PGC-1α, PGC-1β, NRF-1mRNA and GSK-3β mRNA, GSK-3β Protein Expression were analyzed. Results: The results revealed that compared with model group, myocardial infarction size, LVDs, LVDd, LVESV, LVEDP, and -dp/dt decreased;LVSP increased in preventive treatment group, COTG treatment group, and CP treatment group (p < 0.05);LVEDV increased in preventive treatment group (p < 0.05), PGC 1 alpha, and PGC 1 beta;the NRF-1 mRNA expression increased in preventive treatment group, COTG treatment group, and CP treatment group (p < 0.05). Compared with CP and COTG treatment group, PGClpha, beta PGC 1, the NRF-1 mRNA expression increased in preventive treatment group (p < 0.05). Compared with the sham operation group, GSK-3 beta mRNA and protein expression increased in model group, preventive treatment group, COTG treatment group, and CP treatment group (p < 0.05). Compared with model group, GSK-3 beta mRNA expression reduced in preventive treatment group, COTG treatment group, and CP treatment group (p Cornus officinalis total glycosides and Cornus polysaccharides can effectively protect myocardial mitochondria of acute myocardial infarction rats by activating GSK-3β signaling pathways, and reduce the myocardial infarct size, which has great significance for improving cardiac function.

Estimates of the Charges and Size of the Three Types of Neutrinos

It is the current belief of the Physics Community that neutrinos are bereft of Charge because of Conservation of Charge in decay processes such as Beta Decay and are point particles with no physical size or shape. It is the purpose of this paper to calculate the charges and the size of the electron neutrino, the muon neutrino, and the tau neutrino based on data available of their rest masses using the charges and rest masses of the electron, muon, and tau leptons from the Standard Model of Particle Physics Table. We base our calculations on the premise that Energy can create both Mass and Charge. Charge by itself is not conserved in any process that produces neutrinos. Only Total Energy is conserved.

苏州市区各种水体中总放射性水平检测及评价

目的了解苏州市区各种水体中总α、总β放射性本底水平及动态变化,为开展环境辐射评价提供依据.方法根据自然和社会等因素选择水体种类和采样点,采用饱和厚样法和中等厚度相对测量法分别测定样品的总α、总β放射性.结果样品的总α放射性水平为3.56×10-2～8.89×10-2Bq/L,各种水体间差异无显著性;总β放射性水平为0.78×10-1～3.75×10-1Bq/L,各种水体间差异有显著性.结论苏州市区水体未受到人工放射性核素的污染.

裸燕麦核心种质的抗氧化特性

为了解裸燕麦种质资源的抗氧化特性及其抗氧化作用的物质基础,选用和检测了120份国内外裸燕麦种质。其DPPH清除能力及总酚、生物碱和β-葡聚糖含量的变幅分别为4.34～179.98mgL-1、250.99～807.88mgkg-1、25.21～347.55mgkg-1和0.59%～9.69%,表现出明显的基因型差异,不同来源地和不同种质类型裸燕麦的抗氧化能力和生物碱含量差异较大。采用K-mean cluster快速聚类法将其聚为6大类群,分别由20、39、2、22、12和25份种质组成。燕麦籽粒抗氧化能力与其总酚、生物碱含量呈极显著(P<0.01)正相关,但与β-葡聚糖含量无显著相关性。表明裸燕麦抗氧化能力与其籽粒中所含的总酚和生物碱类物质密切相关。本研究还筛选出一批高抗氧化的燕麦种质资源,有望用于高抗氧化性燕麦品种的培育。

10442例孕中期孕妇胎儿唐氏综合征的筛查分析

目的评价产前唐氏综合征(DS)筛查的临床应用价值。方法应用Beckm an Cou lter公司Access全自动分析仪对10 442例孕中期孕妇血清进行甲胎蛋白(AFP)、总β绒毛膜促性腺激素(TβHCG)及游离雌三醇(uE3)3项指标检测,并用专用软件分析,预测胎儿患DS的风险。结果10 442例中,DS高风险526例,其中373例作了羊水细胞培养染色体核型分析,确诊21三体7例。在筛查阴性的9 916例中,出生DS患儿4例,经外周血染色体核型分析证实为21三体。该筛查方法的筛查阳性率5.04%,筛出率63.64%。结论孕中期母血清筛查是预防DS患儿出生的重要途径,这一筛查系统同样适合于中国人群,对特殊人群采用特殊处理方法可使筛出率提高至81.82%。

昆山市不同饮用水源中放射性水平的调查

目的了解昆山市居民不同饮用水源水体中的放射性水平。方法 2013年2月至2014年2月采集市政末梢水、水源水、出厂水、深井水及昆山产桶装饮用水样本共176份,按照《生活饮用水标准检验方法放射性指标》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)对总α和总β放射性水平进行分析,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果所有水样监测结果均低于标准限值。结论昆山市的饮用水没有受到人工放射性核素的污染,处于正常的天然放射性本底水平,应进一步加强监测。

孕妇体重,孕周因素对产前筛查血清学指标的影响

目的探讨孕妇体重,孕周对孕中期唐氏综合征(DS)产前筛查血清学指标的影响。方法对2371例孕中期(15～22周)孕妇血清进行3项指标检测,利用统计软件Curve Expert1.3拟合出随着不同体重,孕周3项指标中位数变化的曲线。结果AFP,FE3随着孕周升高,ThCG随着孕周降低,3条曲线的相关系数r分别为0.998,0.999,0.990。AFP,ThCG随体重上升而下降,曲线的相关系数分别为0.995,0.930。FE3在体重组之间无差别,方差分析P>0.05。结论不同体重,孕周3项指标中位数变化的曲线,对唐氏筛查高风险的统计具有一定的影响因素。

番木瓜籽中总甾醇的含量测定

目的:采用分光光度法测定木瓜籽中总甾醇的含量。方法:以β-谷甾醇为对照品,乙酸酐-硫酸显色,在703nm测定吸光度,计算木瓜籽中总甾醇的含量。结果:β-谷甾醇在0.15～1.12mg范围内,浓度与吸光度呈现良好线性关系,回归方程为Y=0.536 7 X+0.001 1,相关系数R=0.999 9,平均加样回收率为97.41%,RSD=1.82%(n=9)。结论:该方法简便、快速、准确,可用于木瓜籽的质量控制。

黄芪总黄酮对特发性肺纤维化miRNA-21、let-7 d及TGF-β/smad信号干预作用

目的：研究黄芪总黄酮对BLM诱导的肺纤维化模型miRNA-21、let-7 d表达水平和TGF-β1/smad信号干预作用。方法：C57BL/6小鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、黄芪总黄酮组。模型组及药物处理组小鼠气管内一次性滴注博莱霉素（10 mg/kg）,假手术组予等量生理盐水,造模后治疗组予黄芪总黄酮（43 mg/kg）灌胃,假手术组和模型组与等量生理盐水灌胃。第28天取材,进行HE、Masson染色分析肺组织形态及胶原蛋白表达水平,羟脯氨酸含量测定胶原蛋白含量,realtime-PCR分析miRNA-21、let-7 d表达变化,Western-Bloting检测TGF-β/smad信号及EMT相关蛋白表达。结果：BLM诱导肺纤维化miRNA-21明显上调,而let-7 d下调,在此过程中信号蛋白smad7表达增强mad3磷酸化水平减弱,EMT标记蛋白α-SMA表达增高而E-cadherin减少,黄芪总黄酮对上述改变具有逆转作用,但对let-7 d表达无影响。结论：黄芪总黄酮可通过抑制miRNA-21,增加smad7表达,使TGF-β1/smad激活能力下降,抑制肺纤维化EMT作用。

昆山市雨水中总α和β放射性水平调查研究

目的了解昆山市雨水中放射性水平。方法 2013年5月至2014年2月采集合格的雨水样本33份,按照《生活饮用水标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)对总α和总β放射性水平进行分析。结果雨水样品的总α放射性水平在(1.66±0.45)×10-2^(27.57±0.89)×10-2Bq/L之间,平均值为(8.81±7.59)×10-2Bq/L;总β放射性水平在(2.41±0.91)×10-2^(15.71±0.95)×10-2Bq/L之间,平均值为(7.09±3.73)10-2Bq/L。总β/α比值的平均值为1.34,变动范围从0.35到5.51不等。结论昆山雨水总放射性处于正常的天然放射性本底水平,有明显性波动。应进一步加强监测探明规律。

黄芩茎叶总黄酮对Aβ引起痴呆大鼠学习记忆的影响

目的观察黄芩茎叶总黄酮对大鼠双侧海马注射Aβ25-35引起的学习记忆及神经元形态的影响。方法将30只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为空白对照组、模型组、总黄酮组。空白对照组灌胃蒸馏水,1次/d,共7 d,第8天,海马注射生理盐水,继续灌胃;模型组第8天海马注射Aβ25-355μl含10μg,其它同对照组;给药组50 mg/kg总黄酮每天灌胃1次,共7d,第8天海马注射Aβ25-35,继续灌胃,各组于第15天采用Morris水迷宫实验观察大鼠学习记忆能力,1次/d,测5 d,处死,Nissl染色观察海马锥体细胞的变化。结果模型组大鼠逃避潜伏期较对照组明显延长,海马CA1区锥体细胞带脱失,不完整,细胞出现空泡样变性,给药组大鼠逃避潜伏期较模型组缩短,细胞损伤较轻。结论黄芩茎叶总黄酮对海马注射Aβ25-35引起的学习记忆损伤及海马神经元形态变化具有保护作用。

粮食全要素生产率增长及收敛分析——以陕西省32个产粮大县为例

本文基于Malmquist指数和β收敛分析,实证测算了2003—2010年陕西省32个产粮大县粮食全要素生产率变化及其收敛性。主要结论是:陕西省产粮大县粮食增产源于要素投入和全要素生产率的双重驱动,全要素生产率增长年度波动较大。在粮食全要素生产率的变化中,技术效应改善所贡献的"水平效应"大于技术进步所带来的"增长效应"。粮食全要素生产率发达县与落后县的差距在进一步拉大。

国家油菜区试品系的主要营养品质及评价

以50个2009/2010年度参加全国区试的油菜品系为试材,压榨取油后分别采用福林酚法测定菜籽多酚总量,高效液相色谱法测定维生素E、叶黄素、贝塔胡萝卜素含量,气相色谱法测定植物甾醇含量。结果表明,50个品系的菜籽多酚、维生素E、植物甾醇、叶黄素、贝塔胡萝卜素含量范围分别为8.02～61.90mg/100g、260.86～685.21mg/kg、608.23～1 218.51mg/100g、36.09～170.07mg/kg、2.06～4.19mg/kg,平均值分别为40.17mg/100g、476.96mg/kg、879.82mg/100g、85.40mg/kg、2.54mg/kg。品系间主要微量营养成分含量存在显著差异(p<0.01)。通过因子分析建立了油菜品系的营养品质评价模型,利用该模型可将50个品系的营养品质分为2类。通过聚类分析和随机选取的另外8个品种样品的实测结果与评分结果,验证该模型具有可行性,可用于油菜品种营养品质评价。

套袋对红肉脐橙果肉中色素、糖及内源激素的影响

以红肉脐橙为试材,研究幼果期套袋至果实着色前拆袋对果肉中色素、糖及内源激素的影响.结果表明,套袋显著或极显著地提高了成熟果实的番茄红素、β-胡萝卜素含量;套袋处理与对照果实的GA和ABA含量变化趋势一致,表现为GA含量在果实膨大期迅速下降,着色期至果实成熟期保持在较低水平,ABA含量在拆袋时达到最高峰,然后迅速下降,于果实成熟前又出现一小高峰;套袋极显著降低了脐橙果肉的葡萄糖含量,显著降低了果糖含量,提高了蔗糖含量,但总糖含量与对照无显著差异.

中国高技术产业全要素生产率的空间差异及其成因分析

通过Malmquist指数,计算我国省际间高技术产业全要素生产率(Total Factor Productivity:TFP),并进行分解,发现全国有19个地区的TFP增长率显负值;43%的省市,其效率是由技术的进步来推动,67%的地区并没用形成规模效率。通过β收敛检验,发现我国省际间高技术产业并不存在经济收敛。通过Tobit模型,发现我国各地区高技术产业提高R&D内部支出资本存量增长率均能提高TFP增长率;全国43%的地区,提高R&D人员投入的增长率,平均而言不但不能提高TFP增长率,反而会降低TFP的增长率。

DMSO处理对红肉脐橙果肉主要色素和糖含量变化的影响及其相关性

以‘红肉脐橙’为试材,于果实着色前对其进行DMSO喷布处理,研究了处理对果肉主要色素和糖含量变化的影响,并对处理后各指标之间的相关性进行了分析。结果表明,DMSO处理显著降低了成熟果实的番茄红素和β-胡萝卜素含量,极显著提高了果实中果糖、蔗糖和总糖的含量,对果实的葡萄糖含量没有显著影响;处理和对照果实的果糖、蔗糖和总糖两两之间呈显著或极显著正相关,处理的β-胡萝卜素含量除与蔗糖含量呈正相关未达到显著水平外,与葡萄糖、果糖和总糖含量呈极显著或显著正相关,处理基本不改变各指标之间的相关性。

苏州市2017—2022年水中总放射性αβ检测能力验证结果分析

分析2017—2022年考核水样中总放射性αβ检测能力的结果,进一步提高实验室检测水平,保证检测数据的准确性。根据全国总α总β放射性测量能力考核方案及《生活饮用水标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13—2006)进行操作并对结果进行分析。2017年和2022年考核成绩为合格,2018—2020年考核成绩为优秀,2021年考核成绩不合格。本实验室连续6次能力验证中,有1次没能通过。通过水中总放射性测量比对总结经验,并及时发现实验室检测中存在的问题,进行改进和优化,提高检测能力,保证结果真实可靠。

用于放射性惰性气体总β测量的组合探测器的厚度的确定

确定用于放射性情性气体总β测量的组合探测器塑料闪烁体和BGO的厚度。利用MCNP4C程序软件对塑料闪烁体和BGO组成的100种厚度的组合探测器,4种不同能量的γ光子的计数率进行计算,选择出一组使塑料闪烁体和BGO对不同能量γ光子计数率最接近同比关系的厚度组合,从而实现扣除塑料闪烁体中的γ计数,测定放射性情性气体中总β计数的目的。结果表明,塑料闪烁体为1cm厚、BGO为3 cm厚时,可以为最终设计探测部件的尺寸提供重要参数。