Electrophoretic Purification and Characterization of Human NADH-Glutamate Dehydrogenase Redox Cycle Isoenzymes Synthesizing Nongenetic Code-Based RNA Enzyme

NADH-glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) is active in human tissues, and is chromatographically purified, and studied because it participates in synthesizing glutamate, a neurotransmitter. But chromatography dissociates the GDH isoenzymes that synthesize nongenetic code-based RNA enzymes degrading superfluous mRNAs thereby aligning the cellular reactions with the environment of the organism. The aim was to electrophoretically purify human hexameric GDH isoenzymes and to characterize their RNA enzyme synthetic activity as in plants. The outcome could be innovative in chemical dependency diagnosis and management. Multi metrix electrophoresis including free solution isoelectric focusing, and through polyacrylamide and agarose gels were deployed to purify the redox cycle isoenzymes of laryngeal GDH, and to assay their RNA enzyme synthetic activities. The laryngeal GDH displayed the 28 binomial isoenzymes typical of higher organisms. Isoelectric focusing purification produced pure GDH. Redox cycle assays of the GDH isoenzymes produced RNA enzymes that degraded human stomach total RNA. In the reaction mechanism, the Schiff-base intermediate complex between α-ketoglutarate and GDH is the target of nucleophiles, resulting to the disruption of synthesis of glutamate, and RNA enzyme. The strongest nucleophiles are the psychoactive alkaloids of tobacco, cocaine, opium poppy, cannabis smoke because they are capable of reacting with GDH Schiff base intermediate to stimulate synthesis of aberrant RNA enzymes that degrade cohorts of mRNAs thereby changing the biochemical pathways and exacerbating drug overdose and chemical dependency. Electrophoretic purification, and characterization of the RNA enzyme synthetic activity set the forecourt for innovative application of GDH redox cycles in the diagnostic management of chemical dependency.

Acyclic Complexes and Gorenstein Rings

For a given class of modules A,let A be the class of exact complexes having all cycles in A,and dw(A)the class of complexes with all components in A.Denote by GL the class of Gorenstein injective modules.We prove that the following are equivalent over any ring R:every exact complex of injective modules is totally acyclic;every exact complex of Gorenstein injective modules is in every complex in dw(GL)is dg-Gorenstein injective.The analogous result for complexes of flat and Gorenstein flat modules also holds over arb计rary rings.If the ring is n-perfect for some integer n≥0,the three equivalent statements for flat and Gorenstein flat modules are equivalent with their counterparts for projective and projectively coresolved Gorenstein flat modules.We also prove the following characterization of Gorenstein rings.Let R be a commutative coherent ring;then the following are equivalent:(1)every exact complex of FP-injective modules has all its cycles Ding injective modules;(2)every exact complex of flat modules is F-totally acyclic,and every R-modulc M such that M^(+)is Gorenstein flat is Ding injective;(3)every exact complex of injectives has all its cycles Ding injective modules and every R-module M such that is Gorenstein flat is Ding injective.If R has finite Krull dimension,statements(1)-(3)are equivalent to(4)R is a Gorenstein ring(in the sense of Iwanaga).