Vulnerability Assessment of Tourism Environment in the South China Sea Islands : Construction of Evaluation Model Based on Interpretation System of Formation Mechanism

Tourism vulnerability research is an important theoretical basis for sustainable research of tourism.In this study,it hopes to establish a comprehensive evaluation index system for vulnerability of tourism environment in the South China Sea Islands,to achieve the sound development of island tourism in the South China Sea.Therefore,based on the study of the geographical environment and geographical background of the South China Sea Islands,the mechanism analysis method is used to form three interpretation systems.First,interpretation system of meridional causality mechanism.4 evaluation levels and 52 indicators are screened out,and the mathematical and physical criteria for each indicator is established.Second,interpretation system of latitudinal factor relationship mechanism.The AHP is used to obtain the weights of each index,and the contribution rate of factor at each level to the vulnerability is determined.Third,sharing platform of connecting meridional and latitudinal interpretation system.Likert 5-level scale is used to make the factors belong to different orders of magnitude,and factors from different systems could be comparable.Finally,through the formulation of mathematical and chemical standards of indexes and weights of evaluation indexes,a comprehensive evaluation model for vulnerability of tourism environment in the South China Sea Islands is established.

Alternative Framework for Tourism Environmental Carrying Capacity Planning in Wulingshan,Xinglong Geopark,China

Tourism Environmental Carrying Capacity Planning (TECCP)is a regulated part of the Geopark General Planning in China.But,because the exact numerical carrying capacities are difficult to confirm and the effects of tourism can take many forms,some of which are only loosely related to amount of users, the efforts of estimating of the maximum amount of tourists would mislead the manager and operator

Carrying capacity of water environment in public tourism resources based on matter-element model

When water environmental carrying capacity of public resource tourist attraction is studied, the two action subjects of tourists and local residents should be discussed, and comprehensive consideration must be given to the influence of these two on water environment. On the basis of water resource carrying capacity and water quality carrying capacity, water environmental carrying capacity index of public resource tourist attraction was constructed, the model for the water environmental carrying capacity of public resource tourist attraction was established on the basis of matter-element model and analytical hierarchy process. By applying this method, water environmental carrying capacity situation of a certain public resource tourist attraction can be gained, moreover, situations about several aspects of water environmental carrying capacity can be evaluated.

Residents'environmental conservation behaviour in the mountain tourism destinations in China:Case studies of Jiuzhaigou and Mount Qingcheng

This study aimed at gaining an understanding of the formation of residents' Environmental Conservation Behaviour(ECB) to promote sustainable tourism development in Chinese mountain areas. In particular, a theoretical framework was constructed by merging residents' mountain attachment and their environmental values,and awareness of environmental consequences based on the Cognition Behaviour Theory. This research sampled 642 residents with convenience sampling method in Jiuzhaigou and Mount Qingcheng, and structural equation modelling analysis was conducted to identify the relationships among the above variables. Results verified that mountain attachment affected people's awareness of environmental consequences, which then affected their ECB.Environmental values and mountain attachment directly and positively influenced ECB. Moreover,awareness of environmental consequences played the most prominent role in predicting ECB among all the predictors in this study. In all, this study derived several significant implications which can not only contribute to environmental management policies in tourism field but also help to improve the levels of the antecedents of residents' ECB and promote sustainable tourism development in Chinese mountain areas.

The Environmental Effects of Tourism Architecture on Island Ecosystem in Cayo Guillermo, Cuba

The objective of this study is to determine the main adverse impacts that may be caused by tourism architecture upon island ecosystems consisting of small islands or islets and to propose an architectural and landscape design with a focus on the environmental sustainability of the same. A study of projects was undertaken in Cayo Guillermo, located to the north of Ciego de Avila in Cuba using methods of life-cycle assessment of buildings, matrix methods of the activities that caused severe environmental impact and statistical processing through multivariate analysis. Conclusions were reached on the need for designs that did not harm the ecosystems of islands with high ecological fragility. It has been determined that suitable construction intervention would decrease the negative impact and would allow the natural resources of these valuable ecosystems that are the basis for responsible sun and sand tourism to be preserved.

The Environmental Effects of Tourism Development in Noushahr

Tourism is considered as a potentially sustainable industry and plays a significant role in the development of the society at different levels and is seen as an important step to achieve sustainable development. The development of tourism in Noushahr has resulted in instability in terms of environmental aspects. Therefore, given that the process of tourism development in these regions would result in the destruction of the environment and cause many environmental problems as well as the undesirable and instable conditions, the present study aims to explore the environmental effects of the tourism development in Noushahr. To this end, a descriptive-analytic methodology is used to delve into aspects and indicators affecting the sustainable development in terms of environmental factors. In addition, the data are collected through documents and library and field methods. The population under study includes people living in Noushahr and tourists visiting it. The research sample includes 380 families and 384 tourists who were selected through the Cochrane formula. The collected data are analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics including t-test. Results of the study show that there is a significant relationship between environmental effects and tourism. Besides, the level of negative effects caused by tourists in all cases under investigation is beyond the acceptable level in the view of the local community. As such, tourism should be developed in a way that while responding to tourists’ leisure needs and improving their quality of experience it contributes to improving the quality of the environment.

Study on Regulatory Issues of Environmental Laws of Rural Tourism in China

In recent years, rural tourism in China vigorously developed, which promoted economic and social development in rural area. However, serious environmental problems appeared in the development process of rural tourism since rural tourism lacked effective and comprehensive super- vision. These environmental problems included environmental pollution and ecological damage. However, environmental legal system about rural tourism had many problems, such as the lagged legislation, the absence of law enforcement supervision, imperfect judicial system and weak law- abiding awareness. Therefore, it became the solution to solve environmental problems brought by rural tourism in China, and was also the safe- guard for promoting sustainable development of rural tourism in China to establish a sound legal system for rural tourism, implement strict law en- forcement supervision of rural tourism, build litigation system of environmental public interest and enhance law-abiding awareness of rural tourism. For legal defects of regulating rural tourism and its induced environmental problems in China, we tried to perfect regulation of environmental law for rural tourism in China.

Strengthening Mechanisms to Promote Tourists' Environmental Responsible Behaviors in the Context of All-for-One Tourism

The overall promotion of all-for-one tourism requires tourists' civilized behaviors. This paper focused on tourists' environmental responsible behaviors in the context of all-for-one tourism. On the basis of clarifying the connotation, dimension and driving factors of tourists' environmental responsible behaviors, this paper firstly analyzed the relationship between all-for-one tourism and tourists' environmental responsible behaviors, and proposed that the development of all-for-one tourism was an important path to optimize and upgrade China's tourism industry and a new concept of sustainable development of tourism industry. The emergence of all-for-one tourism has formed a new tourism trend, which will drive tourists to behave more civilly. Tourists' environmental responsible behaviors are a "subject and share" concept, and from tourists' point of view, all-for-one tourism development is the most basic requirement. Secondly, based on the theory of "value-belief-norm", this paper focused on the strengthening mechanism of "interaction effect" between all-for-one tourism and tourists' environmental responsible behaviors, and put forward the idea of "double internalization strengthening" to guide tourists' environmental responsible behaviors from being passive to active, from individuals to groups. Finally, this paper discussed the promotion of environmental responsible behaviors of tourist's specific strategies from two aspects, "external drive" and "internal drive" to enhance the level of all-for-one tourism construction and strengthen the environment responsibility of tourists. "External drives" were as follows:(1) to make a scientific development plan to implement the "host and guest sharing" mechanism;(2) to optimize the landscape, the environment, services, enhance the local attachment of visitors;(3) to improve the infrastructure system, pay attention to the details of visitors' experience;(4) to strengthen environment education and publicity, deepening the quality of tourists' civilization construction, and strengthen the environmental responsible behaviors of tourists. "Internal drives" were as follows:(1) to strengthen the sense of environmental responsibility of tourists;(2) to establish a model of environmental responsible behaviors;(3) to strengthen the supervision of environmental responsible behaviors.

Environmental Assessment for Health Tourism in Baños de Agua Santa, Ecuador

The aim of this study is to apply the methodology for assessment of environmental impact of the heritage town with health tourism interest that is assessed. Health tourism is based on the appropriate employment of natural resources, landscapes and the natural and cultural heritage of a place. In order to carry out the study, a set of both theoretical and empirical methods were used to analyze the case of Ba?os de Agua Santa. The theoretical methods include the analysis and synthesis employed throughout the research process, as well as in the bibliographic study and the evaluation of the information obtained. In addition, the inductive-deductive method was employed to analyze, process, and treat the information and data that were used frequently in this work. As for the empirical methods, the researchers employed participatory techniques with community stakeholders, in order to gather information through interviews. Also, researchers conducted direct observation of community activities. The automated method software is used which requires a baseline study of the environment assessment in Tungurahua, Ecuador, to be prepared. In addition, the analysis of the social perception on tourism of the local people from the course work of students at the UIDE shall be applied. The conclusions of the case studies undertaken allow for strategic proposals and recommendations to be prepared so that they can be incorporated into the management plans for health tourism in the town with natural heritage value.

Study on Effective Measures of Environmental Protection for Sustainable Development of Tourism Industry in the World Natural Heritage Wulingyuan

In the course of exploiting its tourist resources and developing tourism industry in the early days in Wulingyuan, the government did not pay enough attention and no forceful measures were taken to control the environment. As a result, a series of problems are produced. By analyzing the relationship between the tourism development in Wulingyuan scenic area and its environmental evolution, the paper exposes the basic reason why these environmental problems are produced, and according to the requirement of developing tourism, the paper puts forward some effective measures to reasonably control the distribution of the tourists flow and to protect tourist resources as well as the environment, so as to achieve the sustainable development of the area.

Influence of Tourists′ Environmental Tropisms on Their Attitudes to Tourism and Nature Conservation in Natural Tourist Destinations: A Case Study of Jiuzhaigou National Park in China

People′s environmental tropism has an effect on their understanding of tourism-nature relationship,and also influences their attitudes to natural resources utilization and environmental protection.Taking Jiuzhaigou National Park of China as a study case,the authors conducted some quantitative analyses with the tools of SPSS 16.0 and LISREL 8.7,to explore the influence of tourists′ environmental tropism on their attitudes to tourism and nature conservation in the natural tourist destination.Three hypotheses and the theoretic model of influences of tourists′ environmental tropism on their attitudes to tourism and nature conservation have been tested and accepted based on the Structural Equation Model analysis on survey data collected in Jiuzhaigou National Park of China.Some conclusions were drawn as follows: 1) tourists′ human-prioritized concept influences their cognition to tourism-nature relationship.This concept has a positive influence on their supportive attitudes to tourism,but a negative influence on their attitudes to nature conservation;2) tourists′ human-nature coordination concept has a positive influence on their supportive attitudes to both tourism and nature conservation,especially to the latter.This paper generally proves that human′s environmental tropism does have an influence on their attitudes to tourism and nature conservation in natural tourist destinations.

Environmental Issues for Tourism and Recreation

The objectives of this article are to: analyze the relationship between tourism and recreation and major environmental issues; analyze tourism and recreation in the context of general issue of sustainable development; consider implications for policy development and implementation.

长江经济带城市韧性水平与旅游环境承载力交互胁迫及协同响应

以长江经济带为研究对象,构建城市韧性与旅游环境承载力综合评价指标体系并测度其发展水平,运用双指数函数验证其交互胁迫效应,借助哈肯模型测度协同发展态势,利用VAR模型判断互动响应关系,结果表明:①区域整体两大系统水平均有所提升,东部处于“翘楚”地位,中、西部实现对东部的“追赶”,但存在低水平趋同与城市韧性不足的困境。②交互胁迫关系证实,长江经济带城市韧性水平与旅游环境承载力具有相互胁迫约束效应且存在时空异质性,城市韧性水平越高的地区,旅游环境承载力压力越大。③区域协同水平在时间维度呈现由失调向协同转化的利好态势,空间分异特征呈现由“东部领衔”到“西部崛起”再到“中部追赶”的动态演化过程,稳态均衡收敛趋势增强。④区域脉冲响应差异显著,江苏、上海分别对城市韧性与旅游环境承载力冲击的起伏波动较大;中部两大系统的脉冲响应均呈现“先波动后平稳”特征;西部两大系统的脉冲响应表现出较为突出的起伏。

基于扎根理论的茶庄园旅游环境质量与游客满意度的实证研究——经营者与消费者双重视角

茶庄园是休闲农业旅游的新业态载体,助推茶旅产业供给侧改革与三产融合。本研究基于经营者与消费者双重视角,采用定性与定量研究,运用扎根理论三级编码分析与游客体验价值实证研究,探讨茶庄园旅游环境质量对游客满意度的作用路径与影响机制。实地走访福建省安溪县3个典型茶庄园与经营者深度访谈,总结提取旅游环境质量的5个核心范畴和体验价值的3个核心范畴,作为游客满意度实证研究的重要影响变量。对调研的342份样本数据进行OLS多元线性回归分析,结果显示:旅游环境质量、游客体验价值均对游客满意度具有显著正向影响,且游客体验价值在旅游环境质量与游客满意度之间扮演部分中介作用;旅游地社会责任正向调节游客体验价值与游客满意度的关系。基于此,助力乡村振兴与持续推动茶庄园旅游高质量发展,需加强生态环境保护、注重个性化体验氛围、承担产品安全与社会责任等。

历史商业街区景观环境研究——以呼和浩特固伦恪靖公主府商业街为例

固伦恪靖公主府是呼和浩特清代建筑群,是依照清代典章营建的王府级传统建筑群落,具有清代早期建筑特征。通过分类对比法、查阅资料法将所搜集到的历史文献资料展开研究比对,结合实地调研的方式,对呼和浩特固伦恪公主府商业街的景观进行分析。依据景观规划的三元素,从样本的文化元素、历史脉络和文化内涵3个方面对呼和浩特固伦恪公主府商业街的地理环境以及风土人情进行梳理和总结,以此获得富有地域性和文化性街巷景观设计的基本思路。针对景观环境提升提出了改善建议,包括追求传统建筑与现代建筑风貌的协调统一,丰富该地区传统地域文化特色和传统风俗活动,加强历史文化街区的历史文化氛围,提升呼和浩特固伦恪公主府商业街的景观风貌。以期为固伦恪靖公主府商业街建筑群落的景观提升和建设提供参考。

洞庭湖区旅游产业与生态环境适应性时空演变及影响因素

【目的】诊断旅游产业与生态环境适应性,为旅游产业高质量发展和生态环境可持续承载提供参考依据。【方法】从旅游产业和生态环境2个子系统,压力、状态和响应3个维度构建旅游产业与生态环境适应性评价指标体系,运用熵权Topsis法、适应性评价模型、标准差椭圆及地理探测器,分析洞庭湖区2012—2021年旅游产业与生态环境适应性时空演变及影响因素。【结果】1)旅游产业指数呈现升—降—升变化趋势,生态环境指数呈现波动上升趋势,旅游产业与生态环境适应性指数时空差异显著,呈现中部地区较低、四周地区较高的“盆地型”空间分布格局。2)近10年来适应性时空迁移趋势以东西方向为主导,空间离散程度呈现出先扩大后缩小的变化趋势,重心位于洞庭湖中部地区,集聚特征明显。3)旅游产业与生态环境适应性类型以低度适应为主,县域占比达41.18%,空间格局表现边缘地区>外围地区>中部地区的分布特征。4)旅游资源禀赋、政府调控力度、经济发展水平和环境治理能力是驱动旅游产业与生态环境适应性时空演变的重要因素。【结论】洞庭湖区旅游产业与生态环境适应性较低,县域发展不平衡、不充分问题较突出。未来洞庭湖区旅游产业发展,应立足生态环境承载能力,科学开发旅游资源,加强区域旅游合作,提高旅游产业与生态环境的适应能力。

内蒙古旅游环境系统韧性动力学建模与仿真

旅游环境系统为旅游业提供支撑,其韧性水平对区域旅游可持续发展具有重要影响。在分析旅游环境系统韧性内涵的基础上,以“五位一体”总体布局为背景,将内蒙古旅游环境系统分解为经济子系统、政治子系统、文化子系统、社会子系统和生态子系统并构建韧性评价指标体系。利用熵值法设定各指标权重,借助Vensim软件构建系统动力学模型,模拟内蒙古旅游环境系统韧性的运行过程,仿真4种不同的政策情境,进行战略决策预测,揭示内在发展机制和趋势特征。结果表明:内蒙古旅游环境系统韧性受多因素的影响,总体呈波动上升趋势;经济建设较为滞后,社会发展相对稳固;“两山”双向转换通道尚存不足;在4种政策情境下,内蒙古旅游环境系统韧性均有所增加,相对于经济发展,加强生态建设更有利于促进旅游环境系统韧性的提升。从长远来看,注重协调发展的“方案四”更能有效提高内蒙古旅游环境系统韧性。研究结果在一定程度上为内蒙古旅游业发展提供了模式参考与实践路径。

城镇密集区公路桥群绿色建造创新探索

为提升城镇密集区公路绿色建造水平,结合南(沙)—中(山)高速的项目特点及工程需求,将绿色发展理念贯彻到公路设计、施工、运营、养护和管理的全寿命周期,重点研发了公路桥群工业化智能建造、公路资源综合利用、滨海湿地区公路环境保护与粤港澳大湾区交旅融合设计等四类十项创新技术。其中,预制梁环形生产线、非标准八车道等为项目特色首创技术,初步构建了典型城市群绿色桥群公路技术体系,并对未来重点发展方向进行了展望,以期丰富和完善粤港澳大湾区绿色公路技术体系,为其他高度城镇化区域可持续发展提供参考。

旅游涉入对露营旅游者环境责任行为的影响研究——以旅游者幸福感为中介

基于环境责任行为理论,将旅游者幸福感作为中介变量,运用结构方程模型分析旅游涉入对露营旅游者环境责任行为的影响机制。研究结果表明:(1)风险性、实现幸福感对旅游者环境责任行为具有直接显著的正向影响。(2)重要性/象征性、愉悦性直接显著正向影响实现幸福感;且愉悦性的影响力更大,愉悦性也直接正向影响享乐幸福感。(3)愉悦性可以通过实现幸福感间接影响旅游者环境责任行为。