A Study on Innovation Mode of Tourism Development in Minority Village

It was of vital significance for sustainable development of tourism in minority village to explore tourism development mode suitable for minority village.Based on comparison of development,characteristics,advantages and disadvantages of three modes which were Suoga mode,Shenzhen folk village mode and Langdeshang Village mode,it was considered that the contradiction between development of minority village economy,protection of national traditional culture and guarantee of villagers' benefits hadn't been radically eliminated in the three modes.In view of this,5Cs mode had been proposed which were culture,company,characteristics,community and concord;and running mechanism of 5Cs mode had been constructed,that is,environmental protection and cultural inheritance;government's guidance and company's leading;theme positioning and characteristic highlighting;community power-increasing and villagers' profit-obtaining;economic development and community harmony.

Satisfaction of Village Doctors with the Township and Village Health Services Integration Policy in the Western Minority-inhabited Areas of China

Township and Village Health Services Integration Management（TVHSIM） is an essential form of China＇s two-tiered health service integration plan at the township and village level. Its main purpose, also one of the target goals in China＇s new healthcare reform, is to gradually integrate rural health services and appropriately allocate rural health resources. This study aims to assess the village doctors＇ satisfaction with the TVHSIM and provide scientific base to further improve TVHSIM. A cross-sectional study was carried out in which 162 village doctors from Qinghai, Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang in western China were interviewed. Descriptive analysis, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Spearman rank correlation and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the difference and relevance between village doctors＇ personal characteristics and their satisfaction with TVHSIM and six subscales. Village doctors with different years of practice, social insurance status and essential medical knowledge level showed statistically significant differences in their satisfaction levels（all P〈0.05）. Age（P〈0.05） and years of practice（P〈0.01） were negatively correlated with Drug and Medical Device Management and Financing Management. Essential medical knowledge level（P〈0.05） was negatively correlated with Operations Management as well. However, social insurance status（P〈0.05） was positively correlated with Human Resources Management and Drug and Medical Device management. Gender, age and years of practice respectively had significant influence on village doctors＇ satisfaction with TVHSIM（P〈0.01）. In conclusion, in order to further promote TVHSIM policy in rural China, a well-rounded social insurance model for village doctors is urgently needed. In addition, the development of TVHSIM is regionally imbalanced. Efficient and effective measures aiming at rationalizing gender and age structure and enhancing essential medical training should be carefully considered.

Minority Rural Tourism Development Planning Based on Targeted Poverty Alleviation: A Case Study of Chaikeng She Village in Jiaocheng District of Ningde City, Fujian Province, China

Developing tourism to help ethnic minorities' rural areas get rid of poverty and achieve prosperity is one path for targeted poverty alleviation in the ethnic rural regions with economic backwardness. Ethnic minorities' rural areas have benefited from the national poverty alleviation policies and subsidies, the economy has made certain progress and the ethic minorities' living standard has been improved to a certain extent. However, the economic and social development still lags behind overall. Research and practice have proved that the ethnic minorities' rural tourism development planning is a forward-looking option for minority villages to implement poverty alleviation, get rid of poverty and become better off and achieve sustainable development.

Study on Spatial Strategies for Sustainable Development in Chinese Ethnic Minority Villages

The ethnic minority villages are mainly distributed in the areas far away from the central China. Although those villages are abundant with cultural landscape resources, they are economically underdeveloped. Taking the ethnic village space as the study subject, the article analyzes its ethnic, regional and marginal characteristics and proposes that villages should become the future livable space as the urbanization of ethnic areas instead of being squeezed and occupied in spatial pattern. In villages, the living space should implement protection first. Three strategies are put forward in the article, comprehensive, partial and genetic protection strategies. And the agricultural space should possess productive, ecological and aesthetic values instead of emphasizing production only.

Study on Tourism Development and Community Participation in Villages of the Minorities ——With the Dong Village in Zhaoxing,Southeast Guizhou Autonomous Prefecture of Miao and Dong Nationalities,China

Based on basic theories of community participation in tourism development,questionnaires were designed for the field investigation in one of the largest Dong Villages in China,the Dong village in Zhaoxing.Community participation in tourism development of the Dong Village was analyzed from the perspectives of residents' participation in decision-making and management,reception and catering services,group performance,making and selling ethnic artworks,protection of village tourist resources and environment.And meanwhile,problems were pointed out as "still maintaining in the early stage of its tourism development,fewer opportunities for its residents participating in tourism development,resource protection being divorced from tourism benefits and so on",on the basis of which corresponding solutions were offered as "expanding the field of participation,improving the level of participation,increasing benefits of local residents;insisting on the principle of "not participating intentionally is the best way of their participation,guaranteeing economic compensation for rural residents;enhancing infrastructure construction;establishing a museum of folk-custom materials;creating a favorable atmosphere of folk cultures;enhancing cooperation with its neighboring villages in tourism development,and creating a "local industrial chain";establishing a research center of cultural tourism development of the Dong Minority.

Analysis of Stakeholders in Tourism Development of the Miao Village in Xijiang

Through applying stakeholder theory and analyzing the game,interest expectations and interest conflicts among stakeholders in tourism development of the Miao Village in Xijiang,Guizhou Province,approaches of coordinating interest relations among these stakeholders are summarized.

Community Tourism as Practiced in the Mountainous Qiang Region of Sichuan Province,China-a Case Study in Zhenghe Village

In China, community tourism is still a relatively new phenomenon, but the villagers of a small Qiang village in the Qiang Autonomous County of Beichuan in Southwestern Sichuan have initiated tourism in a way which conforms to the basic theory of community tourism development. This demonstrates that community tourism possesses a strength and vitality that can promote the development of tourism in the rural and mountainous areas. In the district of Zhenghe Village, the tourism industry, based on the community tourism model, is the mainstay of its economy. The practice of community tourism in the village not only promotes the economic development of the village community, but also leads to the protection of the mountainous natural environment and of the culture of the Qiang people. This paper investigates the development process of community tourism in Zhenghe and shows how the local residents participate in this process. It also looks at how profits have been distributed within the community. It demonstrates that community tourism is a correct choice by the Zhenghe people as they have dearly been moving from poverty to prosperity, while the local ecology and environment have been simultaneously protected. The authors hope that other minority villages with similar local conditions and natural resources will be able to use this example to develop their own community tourism.

A bi-scale assessing framework for aesthetic ecosystem services of villages in a world heritage site

The relative spatial scale relationship of observers and ecosystem and their aesthetic dynamic interaction process are fundamental to evaluation and optimization of aesthetic ecosystem service(AES).A comprehensive and efficient framework for the assessment of AES is lack in the integration of scale relationship and dynamic process.This study took 9 villages in 4 different developmental stages(traditional,folk,rapidly changed,newly built)in Honghe Hani Rice Terraces,a world heritage site,as the research object.From two scales,viewing from inside and outside,the bi-scale assessing framework was established,which includes the three components of interaction process,connection area(as precondition of interaction),quality(as result of interaction),and influencing factors of quality(elements’characteristics of villages).Among them,the connection areas were evaluated with visual and traffic accessibility along the route.The quality and influencing factors were evaluated through participatory preferences methods by expert group.The influencing factors include 9 characteristics,such as,space size,architecture layout,vegetation species richness,color diversity.The results suggested that villages with high AES quality and low accessibility need to be optimized,and the key influencing factors are space size,architecture layout,color harmony and surrounding sanitation.Therefore,the bi-scale assessing framework can provide important references for decision making and visual protection regulations on the villages.

脱贫民族地区韧性乡村建设:逻辑、测度与进路

基于脱贫民族地区乡村社会所处的战略意境、风险环境和问题情境,以生计韧性、产业韧性、生态韧性、文化韧性、组织韧性五大要素构建韧性乡村评价体系,并运用熵值法、多因素综合评价法对2011—2020年大湘西地区韧性乡村建设水平进行综合测度。研究发现:样本地区韧性乡村建设水平持续提升并呈现阶段性特征,“十三五”时期提升幅度较为显著;各维度韧性贡献力呈不均衡发展趋势且建设水平差异明显,文化韧性、生计韧性和产业韧性是推动韧性乡村建设水平持续提升的主要动力源泉;空间分异特征显著,总体呈现出以“芷江侗族自治县-中方县-溆浦县”一线为分界线且南高北低的空间分布格局。脱贫民族地区应厚植内生性韧性治理理念,构筑高质量韧性乡村要素体系,完善多元化韧性乡村系统功能,打造一体化韧性乡村空间协同机制,促进韧性乡村建设向更高层次、更高水平和更高质量迈进。

少数民族特色村寨三维建筑数据库的建立及应用——以木卡羌寨为例

随着数字技术的发展,基于数字技术的建筑遗产保护受到广泛关注。文章以木卡羌寨为例探讨建立少数民族特色村寨三维建筑数据库的策略。研究内容包括三维数据库的结构设计、内容界定、数据收集与储存,以及数据整合与展示,并且以木卡羌寨为例进行了详细论述。具体研究方法包括理论研究、田野调查和案例研究。根据相关法规,数据收集的内容包括村寨分布、地形地貌、空间布局、建筑物及构筑物信息等。数据收集方法包括Arc GIS、无人机模型和三维扫描。通过Arc Map制作空间数据库,数据库可用于村寨的重建和可视化展示、建筑设计和规划、建筑保护和修复、教育和学术研究、灾害模拟和应急规划、虚拟旅游和文化体验,以及视觉传播和展示等。文章可为民族村落建筑的保护与传承提供新的手段和思路。

民族特色村镇建设的文化资源整合——以天津市孙各庄满族乡隆福寺村为例

文化整合是实现不同民族文化有机融合的必然路径,能够强化对中华民族共同体的认同,是推进新时代民族工作高质量发展的必要之举。天津市蓟州区隆福寺村通过文化空间、文化资本、文化记忆三个维度,为民族特色村镇建设架设了文化资源的整合框架。在文化空间的整合中以满汉共融的空间设计智慧,为满汉族际的接触、互动与交融建设,提供了交往场所。以文化资本的生产、传承、积累、转换,在实现人与环境和谐互惠、各类资本畅通循环之中达致中华民族文化资本的持续生产。以满汉各族迁居共生、保家卫国的文化记忆整合认同感的微观边界,增强满汉各族在历史发展中的关联。隆福寺村民族文化资源整合的实践探索,为当下铸牢中华民族共同体意识视角下的民族特色村镇建设提供了微观层面的经验借鉴。

湖南少数民族传统村落文化保护与传承策略研究

湖南民族村落的文化空间是村民生活的载体和精神的寄托,现面临着风貌较差、活力不足及社会参与弱化的问题,亟需实现保护和传承。文章针对景观、苗绣等不同形式的文化空间提出针对性的原则与策略,旨在为民族村落文化的保护与传承提供有益的参考和借鉴。

非遗视域下湖南少数民族特色村寨保护与发展路径研究

少数民族特色村寨是少数民族历史、地域、文化等形成和演变的缩影,是中华民族文化的有效载体,集中体现了中华文明的多元化和多样性。保护与发展少数民族特色村寨是保护中华文化多样性的重要举措,也是新时期民族工作的重要组成部分。湖南作为多民族省份,保护与发展少数民族特色村寨取得了一定成绩,积累了丰富的经验,同时也面临诸多困境。从非遗传承的视角来看,新时期要从民族特色村寨的现实需求出发,贯彻落实乡村振兴发展策略,把握发展的方向,既要重视智慧发展,也要重视文化传承,利用特色村寨的民族特色,建设美丽乡村,建立新型农村社会管理体制,提高特色村寨的建设水平。

地方性视角下畲族村落声景的“村民-游客”感知

声景在地方性塑造中具有重要作用,是影响少数民族地区旅游吸引力的关键因素。在发展旅游过程中,村民和游客成为地方性声景的主要感知者。以浙江丽水景宁县大均村、金坵村、东弄村3个畲族传统村落为研究对象识别出18种地方性声源,并分析村民和游客对声源与声景的感知。结果表明,自然声作为地方性声源在村民与游客的感知中均占主导地位,由村落依山傍水的生态环境所决定。与畲族文化相关的地方性声源虽被村民强烈感知,但游客感知较弱,是村民和游客感知差异的主要表现,且此类声源感知与声景感知的相关性最强。基于“村民-游客”的声景感知异同,针对地方性自然声中的流水鸟鸣声和人工声中的畲族民歌、畲语、惠明茶采制声构建声景优化策略。最终提出依托旅游的少数民族特色村落发展应在规划层面结合地方性声源组织游线,强调自然声中的流水鸟鸣声和人工声中的畲族民歌、畲语、惠明茶采制声,增强村民和游客对畲族特色声景的感知。在设计层面应优先保护与劳作民俗相关的地方性声源,使之与活动场所紧密结合,凸显地方性声景的文化内涵,增强村民的自主保护意识和游客的地方感知。

少数民族村寨舞狮文化创新性发展——基于川西Y村的田野调查

运用田野调查、逻辑分析等方法,探究少数民族村寨舞狮文化创新性发展的价值、困境,并提出路径。价值:蕴含吉祥寓意,追求美好生活;传承民俗文化,永葆乡土底色;展现健体娱乐,促进身心健康;加强村民团结,培育文明村风。困境:文化认同感略显不足,后备人才短缺,宣传手段单一,传承活力有限。路径:发挥“院—所—馆”一体化职能,增强文化认同感;构建“校+社”双线培养体系,壮大后备人才队伍;借助“数智+旅游+非遗”三大平台,丰富宣传手段;串接“政—企—民”协同链,激发传承活力。

文化生态视角下水族村落保护与发展研究——以云南补掌村为例

少数民族村落是由少数民族的独特文化、社会关系及其所处的生态环境相互作用的产物。新型城镇化背景下,少数民族村落受到现代文化的冲击和商业化的影响,面临文化特征弱化、社会关系变化和生态环境退化的挑战,其文化生态系统的整体性、有机性受损,成为少数民族村落保护与发展中亟待解决的问题。文章以云南补掌水族村为例,基于文化生态视角分析补掌村村落特征,探究其文化生态系统中“文化—社会—生态”的耦合关系及其对村落形成发展的影响作用,探讨文化生态系统整体理念下的水族村落保护与发展策略,为少数民族村落的可持续发展提供参考。

数字乡村视域下民族地区乡村特色产业发展研究

数字乡村建设是农业农村现代化转型的关键,是助力脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴有效衔接的重要手段。数字乡村以互联网平台为载体,利用大数据、云计算等信息技术,为乡村特色产业发展提供强有力的技术支持,抓住数字乡村建设的机遇就有可能借助后发优势实现“换道超车”。民族地区具有独特的自然条件和资源禀赋,抓住数字乡村建设的契机大力发展乡村特色产业,是推进民族地区农业农村现代化的重要引擎。然而,当前数字乡村视域下的民族地区乡村特色产业发展面临数字基础设施不完善、数字技术与民族地区乡村特色产业融合不充分、民族地区乡村特色产业发展所需资源相对不足等困境,因此应充分利用数字乡村建设的基础赋能、技术赋能、资源赋能功能,积极探索民族地区乡村特色产业转型升级的新路径。

多维城镇化冲击下苗侗村寨消防体系嬗变解析

多维城镇化对苗侗村寨的社会组织、产业结构、生活方式等产生了持续冲击,导致其消防场域的火灾风险有增无减,消防体系的应灾能力呈现低效悖论。为破解苗侗村寨在现代火灾频发的困局,亟需解析其消防体系的嬗变机理。基于消防工程学原理与方法,分析多维城镇化要素冲击下的苗侗村寨火灾风险演变特征,归纳此类消防场域的要素构成及其相互关系,解析消防体系由传统到现代的嬗变过程与机理。研究发现苗侗村寨消防体系存在由“人防为本”向“技防为先”的嬗变,原因在于自下而上约束力的退化与自上而下管控力的增强,进而揭示出现代消防体系的关键问题在于村民消防组织弱化、防火空间失效、电气火灾应对缺位,对此提出了结合传统民俗强化村民的防火组织、营建被动式、智能化防火空间、建设电气火灾治理长效机制的优化策略。

论东北边境少数民族乡村非传统安全问题的韧性治理

加强边境治理是新时代国家治理现代化的重要内容之一。东北边境辖区广阔,战略位置重要,少数民族人口和乡村人口占比较大。随着边境的开放和城市化发展,边境少数民族乡村地区面临着日益突出的非传统安全挑战,脆弱性表征明显,整体治理难度大。韧性理论由于其自身特性可以有效更新治理理念、完善治理体系和提高治理效能而被广泛应用于治理领域。为确保边境繁荣稳定,东北边境少数民族乡村地区应结合地区非传统安全情境,以韧性理论为借鉴,建立动态化的韧性治理机制、推动协同共治的韧性治理格局、构建智能化和精准化的韧性治理平台、形成高质量发展的韧性经济结构和加强村民内生治理的韧性文化认同。

乡村振兴背景下海南少数民族地区“村寨镇化”的基本逻辑及影响效应

了解和把握少数民族“村寨镇化”的发展,可以助力中国乡村振兴可持续发展的推进工作。本文选择海南民族村寨为研究对象,通过分析在城镇化影响下海南少数民族“村寨镇化”演变中的内在逻辑,重点考察未来民族村寨与乡村振兴协同发展的影响效应。研究发现,少数民族村寨镇化是乡村发展现代化的方式,在现阶段乡村振兴推进的大背景下,海南民族村寨根据当地的生态环境、产业资源、风土人情等实际情况,发挥产业各自优势,探索村寨发展新模式,吸引人才及村民返乡发展,增加了民族村寨内生动力。