Landscape Design of the Urban Highway Traffic Gateways——A Case Study of the West Gateway in Yulin City of China

Improving urban gateway landscape environment helps establish positive images of a city, and helps newcomers form proper recognition of the city. Landscape design of the west gateway in Yulin City was taken for example, its natural ecological environment, historical and humanistic environment and modern man-made environment were investigated, and also macro elements analyzed, such as overall urban planning, historical and cultural background of the city, regional environment features. It was to build the west gateway of Yulin City into a landscape transition area for experiencing culture and history of the city, and appreciating characteristic images of this region, and to improve natural ecological conditions of the local area, realize the sustainable development of regional environment.

双十字路口交通灯控制Stateflow和App Designer仿真

为培养学生能够独立从事自动化相关领域的工程设计、应用研究,解决自动化领域复杂工程实施过程中遇到的关键技术问题,以双十字路口交通灯为研究对象,为计算机辅助建模与仿真类课程设计了一个综合性教学案例。教学案例主要内容为双十字路口Simulink/Stateflow建模与基于Matlab App Designer的交通灯控制可视化仿真。通过此教学案例的实施,明显提高了学生对Matlab的综合应用和工程设计能力,并为后续课程“单片机原理及应用”和“电气控制和PLC”作铺垫。

Study on Design and Application of Plant Acoustic Barrier along Highway

Through analysis on characteristic of highway traffic noise and pollution-treating and noise-reducing mechanism,the paper had illustrated feasibility and advantage to reduce traffic noise along highway by making use of plant acoustic barrier,introduced design model and methods of plant acoustic barrier,and principles and scope for plants' selection.On this basis,by taking K37+100-K37+250 section of Yunnan Chuda Highway for example,application of plant acoustic barrier had been studied,general situation and design schemes of pilot project analyzed,and some matters needing attention proposed.Based on the analysis of a large amount of statistical data and researches on pilot project of noise-reducing by plants along Yunnan Chuda Highway,it hoped to provide reference for similar engineering projects.

Traffic Organization Optimization of Urban Road Combined Intersections

With the development of the economy and the acceleration of urbanization, the number of vehicles in cities is increasing rapidly, which greatly increases the pressure on urban traffic. Solving traffic accidents and problems to keep smooth travel and safe travel has become a top priority in road construction. In this paper, how to optimize the traffic at the intersection of the urban road was discussed with the aim of reducing traffic accidents and problems to keep peoples’ smooth travel and safe travel.

Investigation of the factors affecting the consistency of short-period traffic counts

The main intent of this study is to investigate the accuracy of short-duration traffic counts conducted during winter months. The investigation is based on 11-year sample data collected using permanent traffic counters at various locations in Alberta, Canada. Four types of road sites： commuter, regional commuter, rural long-distance, and recreational sites are studied. The sample data consti- tute six different durations of counts （12-, 24-, 48-, 72-, 96-h, and 1 week） taken during summer and winter months. The coefficient of variation （CV） is used as the relative measure of deviation for counts of different dura- tions to measure the accuracy of short-period traffic counts. The study results indicate that 48-h count seems to be the most cost-effective counting interval during both summer and winter months. It is also found that the lowest values of CV result for counts taken at commuter sites, and the highest values are observed for recreational sites. Frequent changes in temperature and other weather events cause significant variation in traffic volume, which results in an increase in CV values for counts taken during winter months. The application of an adjustment factor to remove the effect of cold and snow from short-period counts is also included in this study. Introduced adjustment factors can reduce the values of CV for all counts taken during winter months. The findings of this study can lead highway agencies to improve the cost-effectiveness of their short- period traffic counting programs.

Analysis on Potential Conflict Frequency of Intersected Air Routes in Terminal Airspace Design

In order to obtain accurate conflict risks in terminal airspace design,the concept and calculation model of potential conflict frequency for intersected routes are proposed.Conflict frequency is represented by the product of horizontal conflict frequency and vertical conflict probability.The horizontal conflict frequency is derived from the probability density distribution of conflicts in a period of time.Based on the recorded radar trajectory data,the concept and model of ROUTE distance are proposed,and the probability density function of aircraft height at a specified ROUTE distance is deduced by kernel density estimation.Furthermore,vertical conflict probability and its horizontal distribution are achieved.Examples of three intersected arrival and departure route design schemes are studied.Compared with scheme 1,the conflict frequency values of the other two improved schemes decrease to53% and 24%,respectively.The results show that the model can quantify potential conflict frequency of intersected routes.

Effect of Snow, Temperature and Their Interaction on Highway Truck Traffic

Based on statistical amount of traffic and weather data sets from three weigh-in-motion sites for the study period of from 2005 to 2009, permanent traffic counters and weather stations in Alberta, Canada, an investigation is carried out to study impacts of winter weather on volume of passenger car and truck traffic. Multiple regression models are developed to relate truck and passenger car traffic variations to winter weather conditions. Statistical validity of study results are confirmed by using statistical tests of significance. Considerable reductions in passenger car and truck volumes can be expected with decrease in cold temperatures. Such reductions are higher for passenger cars as compared to trucks. Due to cold and snow interactions, the reduction in car and truck traffic volume due to cold temperature could intensify with a rise in the amount of snowfall. For passenger cars, weekends experience higher traffic reductions as compared to weekdays. However, the impact of weather on truck traffic is generally similar for weekdays and weekends. Interestingly, an increase in truck traffic during severe weather conditions is noticed at one of the study sites. Such phenomenon is found statistically significant. None of the past studies in the literature have presented the possibility of traffic volume increases on highways during adverse weather conditions;which could happen due to shift of traffic from parallel roads with inadequate winter maintenance programs. It is believed that the findings of this study can benefit highway agencies in developing such programs and policies as efficient monitoring of passenger car and truck traffic, and plan for efficient winter roadway maintenance programs.

新型轨道消防救援车模块化系统设计

为实现对各种复杂的轨道交通事故的有效救援,应对各种复杂的轨道交通事故,首先,通过文献检索,分析国内外现有轨道消防救援系统的现状及其发展趋势;然后,总结和剖析路轨两用车在山地城市轨道交通系统中的适用性及模块化改造的可行性;最后,提出一套适合山地城市轨道特点的新型轨道交通路轨两用消防救援系统。结果表明:路轨两用消防救援车符合轨道消防救援使用要求。系统采用高强度模块化以及装配式设计理念,配备有控制各种火灾工况的灭火及排烟系统、牵引绞盘、应急发电、医护用品等应急救援装备,能够针对性的应对密闭、浓烟环境下轨道事故救援工作,极大减少发生事故后造成的损失。

常规公交站点设计模式与交通事故关系的实证研究

常规公交站点是城市公交系统的重要组成部分,以往研究重在发现站点设计模式与运行效率之间的关系,对于设计模式与交通事故的关系缺乏实证性研究。为揭示设计要素与交通事故的关系及其异质性特征,以某市44条公交线路的1176个公交站点为研究对象,以站点2年内事故总数为因变量,以设计模式特征、建成环境特征、交通设施特征等影响因素为自变量;运用皮尔逊和斯皮尔曼相关系数法进行变量筛选,在此基础上构建地理加权负二项回归模型及对比模型。建模结果表明:地理加权负二项回归模型表现优于对比模型,进一步分析发现,港湾式公交站与非港湾站点相比明显降低了事故发生率;公交车-非机动车分行与混行条件相比事故率也有显著降低;车道数多的站点事故较少;而其他设计要素与事故数之间的关系则未能通过数据验证。此外,建成环境对站点交通事故也具有影响,距地铁和中央商务区距离越近事故率越高。模型也揭示了影响关系的空间异质性,在人口相对较少、交通设施不完善的区域设置港湾公交车站形式带来的降低事故率作用更为明显。

新时代“红色交通线”价值可视化设计研究

目的基于交通文化资源传播的多样性、泛在性、共享性与有效性需求,将红色交通线在特定历史时期及当代的价值引领作用以资源可视化的方式呈现,促进对交通文化的传承和发扬。方法以“可视化文化符号+产品载体”的形式,借助数字化技术实现数据可视化及文化资源物化衍生,以揭示红色交通文化的发展脉络和新时代交通的变迁。涵盖了文化重构、品牌构建、可视化表达、产品设计、周边开发及营销管理等方面,以及系统化的交通文化产品研发途径。结果通过红色交通文化视觉性创意设计实践研究,探寻有效的文化重塑设计方法,以物化手段助力文化推广,实现对红色交通文化当代传承、价值传播的补充。结论以数字化手段提高抽象文化精神在社会普及过程中的接受度。有利于弘扬爱国主义传统、构建集体记忆,对深入研究和探讨红色交通文化,使其在当代得以活化、物化地发扬,以及增强文化自信都具有重要的理论和实践意义。

课程思政视域下混合式教学的开展路径探析——以道路交通安全课程为例

将思政教育融入专业课程是实现知识传授与价值引领有机结合的关键;探索课程思政视域下混合式教学的开展路径是实现专业课程与思政课程同心同向育人新格局的重要举措。以道路交通安全课程为例,探讨了课程的目标、思政元素体系、教学资源、教学活动设计、评价机制和长效保障举措。以期达到“价值引领、知识传授、能力培养”三位一体的教育教学目标。

基于视觉认知的交通标识图形设计优化研究

交通标识是道路交通系统中重要的信息传递方式,其图形设计应考虑驾驶员的视觉认知特点。本文基于视觉认知的理论,探讨了当前交通标识图形设计存在的问题,通过视觉认知的基本原理和影响因素,提出了交通标识图形设计优化方案和建议,以期提高交通标识的识别性和实用性。

基于眼动数据分析交通环境要素对驾驶员视觉负荷的影响

研究旨在通过提出1种基于眼动数据得到的负荷评价指标—眼动离散程度,确定不同视觉负荷下眼动离散程度的划分阈值,并利用该指标探究交通环境要素对人工驾驶员视觉负荷影响的程度排序,进而为交通设计提供参考。研究方法为分析DADA2000数据集,利用语义分割算法与眼动特征识别算法,建立眼动离散程度变化机制模型,并将事故前3s眼动点集中区域与语义分割得到的要素进行匹配,进而得到不同视觉负荷下眼动离散程度的划分阈值和交通环境要素对驾驶员视觉负荷的影响程度排序。研究结果发现,在不同道路条件下,驾驶员的眼动离散程度和视觉负荷水平会有所变化,但事故前较短时间内眼动离散程度会降低至原来的1/3,眼动点也会集中在碰撞物或事故主要责任要素上,可通过机器学习算法对各交通环境要素影响的重要程度进行排序。分析研究结果可得到结论:利用眼动离散程度区分驾驶员视觉负荷是否过大的方法具有可行性,并可进一步用于事故防范与预测;驾驶员视觉负荷主要来源的前3位要素是自行车参与者、路侧标志杆、路面状况,影响重要度分别达到0.395、0.137、0.124。

道路环境与驾驶行为数据同步采集系统研发

高精度、可移植、多维度的在途车辆及其周边驾驶环境数据在L3级及以上自动驾驶汽车场景库测试、不良驾驶行为谱构建以及在途实时交通管控等领域有至关重要的作用,由单一传感器构成的数据采集系统在精度、维度上都受到了较大限制,导致其可靠度较低;为实现多类数据传感器协同一体化,研发了一款包含激光雷达、车载运动测量与组合定位、车载踏板与方向盘位移传感器和雷视道路多维感知一体机的多模块道路环境数据与驾驶行为同步采集系统,支持多项交通数据采集任务的并行处理,融合了用户的真实驾驶行为,并基于该系统设计了依维柯某车型的数据实车采集平台;该系统由上位机与下位机两个子系统构成,集成了多模块数据采集、储存、传输与标定等功能,且对各个模块完成了时间同步处理,适用于两客一危场景,并设计了易操作的上位机用户交互界面,对多模块数据实现实时可视化,直观查看各时段数据的变化规律,具有较高的应用价值。

城区铁路沿线公园声景评价及设计策略——以京秦铁路北京中心城区段为例

铁路沿线城市空间通常被贴上遭受铁路运营车辆噪声污染大的标签而品质受损,实际上北京城区铁路沿线存在非常多的城市公园,这些公园的声景如何?文中以京秦铁路北京中心城区段沿线的公园为研究对象,通过定点测量结合随机问卷调查的方式,对其声环境进行实证研究,并分析影响其声景评价结果的因素。调查结果显示,大通滨河公园及郭家村绿地公园环境声压级超过规定的噪声限值,其声环境协调度和安静度也为负面评价。通过主客观数据分析,发现对于位于城市快速路和城市主干道附近的城市公园,城市交通噪声为影响公园声景主客观评价的主导声源。在安静的环境中,列车暴露噪声的好感度评价更加低。站场作业声、列车行驶声和汽车行驶声好感度评价的强度会受到其他因素不同程度上的影响,但其评价均为负面评价。人工声和生活声经常被认为是主导声,自然声感知频率较低。受访者行为会对声景满意度和协调度评价产生影响:安静休憩类的群体对于声环境的要求较其他类型的游客要求更高;而带孩子玩的群体对声环境的要求相对较低。并结合北京市城区京秦铁路沿线公园研究结论,提出铁路城区段沿线公园设计策略。

长途货运司机疲劳驾驶原因分析及对策

为减少长途运输中驾驶员因疲劳驾驶对个人和社会造成的严重损失,从驾驶员生理和心理两大因素、车辆和环境三个角度对货运司机疲劳驾驶原因进行分析,并针对不同问题对驾驶员开展安全教育活动、优化座椅和驾驶室设计、采取多种措施来改善长途运输的环境条件以及在货车上设置主动安全装置等提出了相应的改进对策,为以后的驾驶室设计提供了参考依据。

基于重大交通工程的《工程项目管理》课程思政体系设计与优化

作为一门融合工程技术与管理科学的综合类课程,《工程项目管理》具有较强的学科交叉融合特性,并且在各类重大国计民生项目中效果显著。文章以重大交通工程项目为切入点,通过交通强国、工匠精神、专业伦理、学术修养等课程思政元素的“触点”和“融点”,从教学目标、发展历程、课程前沿、课程实践等角度进行《工程项目管理》的课程设计,并在教学实践中探索场景融入、角色转换等沉浸式思政教育,以“润物细无声”的方式潜移默化传递学生崇高的价值观和使命感、积极主动发现问题的学习态度,以及不断探索学习与创新的精神,并通过典型的教学样例设计,对其效果进行评价,取得了满意的效果。

考虑异质交通流冲突的非机动车道宽度设计

为降低超车过程中异质交通流间的冲突,在传统非机动车道宽度设计方法基础上,提出一种考虑异质交通流避让行为的设计方法。首先,采用减速群体占比和踏频值分析车辆的受干扰程度;其次,通过建立车-车作用力模型计算不同类型车辆间的作用力,拟合作用力与避让间距的关系求解安全避让距离,可得推荐非机动车道宽度为传统车道宽度及安全避让距离之和;然后,建立安全评价模型,评价不同宽度非机动车道的安全性,以验证该设计方法的合理性;最后,实例分析西安市4个路段非机动车道的骑行样本。结果表明:2车混行的非机动车道中,减速群体占比为传统非机动车道的0.93倍,骑行踏频值提高0.07圈/s,道路安全值是传统非机动车道的1.07倍,车道内的干扰更小,骑行者更为安全。

考虑让行的信号控制交叉口转向交通优化研究

在加强依法让行的实践过程中,出现了“让行加剧拥堵”的现象和误解。为解析该现象并给出优化方法,首先分析了法律规范中关于让行的规定,并从微观角度梳理了信号控制交叉口的各类让行需求。其次,基于让行事件链提出交叉口组织模式、空间渠化、信号控制3个层面的优化方法。最后,通过仿真和实测两种手段对优化方法的效果进行评估。研究表明,信号控制交叉口让行问题改善的关键在于满足让行的时空需求,以及减轻转向机动车驾驶人的观察、决策和行动压力。评价结果表明,优化方法可以有效缓解让行带来的效率降低、视距不良、机非干扰大等问题,并且可以带来一些边际效益,如交通文明提升、交通管理成本降低等。

大型医院交通集散空间布局规划及优化研究

近年来医院发展朝着大型化和综合化形式迈进,同时也带来了一系列交通问题。本文就医院外部集散空间布局形式进行研究并改进,以缓解大型医院外部的交通拥堵混乱问题。通过分析大型医院外部空间的使用需求,重新界定了医院交通集散空间的范围与功能;结合其空间流线需求与建筑广场、城市道路设计理论,分析了医院集散空间的交通特征与规划要点;最后提出了各功能区布局原则,并从医院内外临时停车、交通设施布置、道路功能划分等方面阐明了医院交通集散空间的规划方法。针对不同形式医院的布局,分别设置了复合立体型、平面广场型和用地紧缺性三种形式,为城市规划设计者提供参考。