Spatial Organization of Innovation in the Oil Equipment Manufacturing Industry: Case of Dongying, China

As innovation and technological change have become increasingly important for the competitiveness and sustainable growth of firms,cooperative innovation is now crucial for traditional industries in the context of globalization.This paper proposes a framework for analyzing the spatial pattern of cooperative innovation for traditional industries in developing countries.Based on in-depth interviews with 35 firms in the oil equipment manufacturing industry in Dongying City,China,this study argues that different firms in the innovation pyramid have various innovation activity preferences and spatial patterns.Firms with high innovation abilities tend to cooperate with various partners that are geographically dispersed and continuously expanding,while firms with inferior abilities usually cooperate with nearby fixed partners.Due to the differences in innovation environment and actor locations,firms tend to make different choices regarding innovation types and models,which highlight the importance of personnel training and basic scientific research at the global scale and practical product research and development at the national scale.Additionally,talent flow is the most important way to realize relationships for firm innovation activity.

Application and Analysis of Advanced Manufacturing Technology in Track Equipment Manufacturing Industry

With the rapid development of global transportation track equipment, the running speed of modern rail transit equipment keeps refreshing records. High-speed EMUs, inter-city EMUs and urban rail vehicles have become the main types of domestic passenger transport vehicles, especially the lightweight production and manufacture of high-speed EMUs and urban rail vehicles, which are the main topics of railway transport modernization research and discussion. Track manufacturing is a successful example of China's industrial transformation and strategic restructuring through systematic innovation since the reform and opening up. In this paper, the application of some advanced manufacturing technologies in the track equipment manufacturing industry and the opportunities and challenges faced by the whole track equipment manufacturing industry were mainly studied, hoping to provide some help for the development of the track equipment manufacturing industry in China.

Technological Innovation Efficiency Evaluation of Equipment Manufacturing Industry--An Empirical Study of Shandong Province in China

Based on the statistical data of eight sub-sectors of equipment manufacturing industry in Shandong province from 2012-2016,DEA and Malmquist index were used to give the static and dynamic evaluation of technological innovation efficiency.The results show that the overall technological innovation efficiency of Shandong equipment manufacturing industry is higher due to the high pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency.As the technical regress and inefficient allocation of resources deepened,the total factor productivity of Shandong equipment manufacturing industry presents a dropped tendency.According to the innovation efficiency and its changes,different industries should adopt the specific development strategies.

The Competitive Advantages Status and PromotionPathfor Liaoning Equipment Manufacturing Enterprises

企业竞争优势依赖于其所生存的环境,金融危机爆发之后的经济下行使装备制造企业竞争优势的来源发生了根本性的改变.通过对辽宁9 家企业的问卷调查,探究了辽宁装备制造企业的竞争优势现状,厘清了竞争优势维度对财务绩效的不同作用,进一步研究了竞争优势的提升路径.研究表明：经济下行对企业竞争优势的影响较大;目前竞争优势主要来源于低成本优势和新产品研发优势,但近年来新产品研发得到了较快的发展,而成本优势正在大幅减弱;产品开发、技术资源、软件和市场份额对总资产报酬率影响较大,而成本、与用户信任程度关系、质量和Y R IN技术资源对销售利润率影响较大;产品开发、成本、服务、与用户信任程度和性能是企业需要关注的重点.

Industry 4.0: Architecture and Equipment Revolution

The development of science and technology has led to the era of Industry 4.0.The core concept is the combination of“material and informationization”.In the supply chain and manufacturing process,the“material”of the physical entity world is realized by data,identity,intelligence,and information.Industry 4.0 is a disruptive transformation and upgrade of intelligent industrialization based on the Internet-of-Things and Big Data in traditional industrialization.The goal is“maximizing production efficiency,minimizing production costs,and maximizing the individual needs of human beings for products and services.”Achieving this goal will surely bring about a major leap in the history of the industry,which will lead to the“Fourth Industrial Revolution.”This paper presents a detailed discussion of industrial big data,strategic roles,architectures,characteristics,and four types of innovative business models that can generate profits for enterprises.The key revolutionary aspect of Industry 4.0 is explained,which is the equipment revolution.Six important attributes of equipment are explained under the Industry 4.0 perspective.

A Study on Enterprise Strategy Based on Industry Innovation in Electric Generating Set Manufacture Industry

Restrictive factors of Chinese generating set equipment manufacturing industry innovation includes technical introduction restraint, system restraint, enterprise resources, ability restraint and resources disperser restraint. In the future, based on industrial innovation, generating set manufacture enterprise＇s strategic choice, strategies on industry innovation of Chinese generating set manufacturing industry are proposed. There are a lot of means can help, as well as developing many kinds of clean energies and realizing industrial reforming, extending service pattern, promoting industry innovation level, enhancing ability of enterprise＇s continuous development and accelerating industry＇s innovation.

装备制造业产业链、创新链、人才链“三链”耦合机制和协调研究——以陕西省为例

基于2013—2021年陕西省数据,通过构建陕西省装备制造业“三链”评价指标体系,运用耦合协调度模型和灰色关联度模型探究装备制造业“三链”的耦合协调度等级和耦合协调作用机制。结果发现:(1)陕西省装备制造业“三链”耦合协调发展状况总体稳定但存在波动性;(2)西安市装备制造业的耦合协调度处于中级水平,其余9个地级市耦合协调水平普遍偏低,呈现关中、陕南、陕北逐次降低的特征;(3)灰色关联度的测算和分析表明,总体上产业链、创新链和人才链之间发展关系密切,均处于高度关联的阶段。

长三角地区数字经济对高端装备制造业高质量发展的影响研究——基于有调节的中介效应分析

借助数字经济实现高端装备制造业高质量发展是中国式现代化建设的重要议题。本文基于长三角地区面板数据,利用有调节的中介效应模型检验了数字经济对高端装备制造业高质量发展的影响。结果发现:数字经济可以显著促进高端装备制造业高质量发展,稳健性检验后仍然成立;数字经济通过技术创新正向促进高端装备制造业高质量发展,且技术创新发挥部分中介效应;政府支持对技术创新的中介效应发挥正向调节作用;进一步异质性检验发现,数字经济对不同地区、不同细分行业高质量发展的影响存在显著差异。最后,从三个方面提出相关建议:构建全方位的区域协调发展机制,提升融合效能;聚焦重点领域,推动核心技术突破创新;聚焦制度创新,释放政策红利。

基于主体基建模(ABM)的中国智能制造装备产业演化研究

智能制造装备面向的是具有复杂决策机制的制造企业,因此其产业演化规律相较于其他新兴产业有更强的特殊性。目前中国智能制造装备的市场份额较少、缺乏竞争优势,智能制造装备企业难以实现可持续发展。因此,在关键核心技术短期无法突破场景下,探讨政府高效推动智能制造装备市场结构变化、对智能制造装备产业演化的作用机制。通过问卷调查收集智能制造装备市场真实数据,在主体基建模方法(ABM)框架下构建国内外智能制造装备企业决策模型与制造企业决策模型,模拟智能制造装备产业演化过程,分析智能制造装备企业数量、市场需求数量和市场需求分布等市场结构核心参量变化特征,并进一步探究不同扶持政策对产业演化的作用效果。结果发现:在智能制造装备产业演化过程中,市场需求结构的变化是改变国产智能制造装备企业市场份额的关键要素,国产智能制造装备企业市场需求数量经历“增长—下跌—再增长”3个阶段,市场需求在空间上呈“分散—集聚—扩散”分布;在无外部力量干预的情境下,国产智能制造装备企业的市场份额存在显著的持续下降趋势,无论是面向市场需求数量还是面向产品质量提升的政策措施都有利于提升国产智能制造装备企业在产业中的市场状况;不同的政策策略对产业演化进程产生的效果不同,面向产品质量提升的政策对提升国产智能制造装备企业的市场份额效果更显著。

轨道交通装备制造业创新组织演进机理研究

本文以中国轨道交通装备制造业为案例,基于“组合赋能-创新组织演进-创新模式升级-创新能力提升-产业技术进步”分析框架,探究制造业创新组织演进及其影响。结果表明:①创新组织演进经历了创新系统、创新生态系统和创新联合体依次递进的3个阶段;②与创新组织演进同步,创新模式实现了从合作创新到协同创新再到融通创新的升级;③伴随着创新组织演进和创新模式升级,技术创新能力发展经历了技术吸收能力、技术改造能力、集成创新能力和数字化创新能力4个阶段,同时制造能力发展经历了从基础制造能力、国产化能力、整机制造能力到智能制造能力的逐级跃升;④产业依托创新系统完成了技术“跟跑”,依托创新生态系统实现了技术“并跑”,依托创新联合体则取得了技术“领跑”;⑤创新组织演进是“有为政府”和“有效市场”组合赋能的结果。轨道交通装备制造业创新组织演进机理研究既能丰富产学研融合创新理论体系,也为其他高端制造业突破关键核心技术国际封锁提供理论启示。

“一带一路”背景下装备制造业国际化技术技能人才培养策略探析

我国装备制造业在高质量共建“一带一路”中发挥着关键作用,然而,装备制造业国际化技术技能人才短缺制约了我国装备制造业的国际化进程。高校作为人才培养的主阵地,可从加快教学模式与国际接轨的进程、加强师资队伍国际化建设、提升实践教学国际化水平、培养学生的国际化素养、建立行业国际导师制度等方面培养具备国际视野、专业技术能力、跨文化沟通与协作能力、创新与学习能力、适应与调整能力的装备制造业国际化技术技能人才。

高端装备制造业贸易强度如何影响出口技术复杂度?——基于中国-东盟样本数据的分析

文章基于2010-2020年中国与东盟国家高端装备制造业贸易网络,运用高维固定效应模型考察高端装备制造行业贸易强度对出口技术复杂度的影响。研究结果显示:中国与东盟国家间的贸易强度对一国高端装备制造业出口技术复杂度的提升具有显著的正向影响,且贸易开放、技术创新是重要的作用机制。相较于轨道交通装备行业,贸易强度对航空装备、卫星及应用等其他领域的高端装备出口技术复杂度的提升效果更为显著。由此提出合理布局区域贸易网络、深化贸易开放和重视技术创新等对策建议,为推动我国高端装备制造业技术升级提供思路借鉴。

新乡市智能装备制造业存在的问题及竞争力提升对策研究

新乡市是河南省四大智能装备产业基地之一,但存在转型升级任务艰巨、集聚集群程度不高、小微企业多而不强、高端技术人才不足等问题。结合产业集群和技术创新产业升级理论,从加大支持力度、强化政策支持组织保障,坚持创新驱动、提升企业核心竞争能力,优化产业布局,推进产业集聚集群发展,加强人才保障、加快吸引高端人才落户,提升品牌影响力、打造智能装备制造名片等五个方面提出了提升新乡市智能装备制造业竞争力的对策。

基于产教融合的高职院校装备制造类专业实训基地建设研究

本研究以产教融合为理论基础,分析了高职院校装备制造类专业实训基地建设的现状,提出了基于产教融合的高职院校装备制造类专业实训基地建设的策略。通过学校与企业共建实训基地,实训教学内容与产业需求对接,加强师资培训和技术创新,实现产业与教育的深度融合。以建立产教融合长效机制,引入先进设备、创新实训教学模式,有效提升学生实践能力,为学生提供广泛就业机会,满足装备制造行业对人才的需求。基于产教融合的实训基地建设为高职院校装备制造专业提供了可行的发展模式。

基于EDAS的高端装备制造业协同创新伙伴选择

伴随市场环境的复杂多变,高端装备制造业必须通过协同创新来增强技术实力及提高创新成效,其中伙伴选择是其实现创新的关键一步。首先,分析总结伙伴选择评价指标相关文献,并结合高端装备制造业协同创新发展需求,从互补性、兼容性、创新资源、创新能力、创新环境、声誉与信任及技术水平这7个维度,建立了高端装备制造业协同创新伙伴选择指标体系;然后,考虑到高端装备制造业的复杂性及专家评价的模糊性,在概率犹豫模糊环境下,构建基于可能度的平均解距离法(evaluation based on distance from average solution,EDAS)群决策评价模型,并将其应用到该指标体系下的协同创新伙伴选择中;最后,通过一个算例,对该研究方法加以验证,为高端装备制造业进行协同创新伙伴选择提供一定的参考。