Percutaneous microwave ablation and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for serum tumor markers and prognostics of middle-late primary hepatic carcinoma

BACKGROUND Primary hepatic carcinoma(PHC)has an insidious onset and is usually diagnosed in the middle and late stages.Although transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE)is the preferred option for treating middle-and advanced-stage PHC,it has limited efficacy in killing tumor cells and poor long-term efficacy.TACE plus percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy(PMCT)is more effective than interventional therapy alone and can improve survival time.However,there are few reports on the effects of TACE and PMCT on serum marker levels and the prognosis of patients with advanced PHC.AIM To investigate the effect of PMCT+TACE on serum tumor markers and the prognosis of middle-late PHC.METHODS This retrospective study included 150 patients with middle-late PHC admitted to Zhongshan People’s Hospital between March 2018 and February 2021.Patients were divided into a single group(treated with TACE,n=75)and a combined group(treated with TACE+PMCT,n=75).Before and after treatment,the clinical efficacy and serum tumor marker levels[carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9),alpha-fetoprotein(AFP),and carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)]of both groups were observed.The 1-year survival rates and prognostic factors of the two groups were analyzed.RESULTS The combined group had 21 and 35 cases of complete remission(CR)and partial remission(PR),respectively.The single group had 13 and 25 cases of CR and PR,decreased,with the decrease in the combined group being more significant(P<0.05).The 1-year survival rate of the combined group(80.00%)was higher than that of the single group(60.00%)(P<0.05).The average survival time within 1 year in the combined group was 299.38±61.13 d,longer than that in the single group(214.41±72.97 d,P<0.05).COX analysis revealed that tumor diameter,tumor number,and the treatment method were prognostic factors for patients with middle-late PHC(P<0.05).CONCLUSION TACE+PMCT is effective in treating patients with mid-late PHC.It reduces the levels of tumor markers,prolongs survival,and improves prognosis.

Combined treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with partial splenic embolization and transcatheter hepatic arterial chemoembolization

AIM: To prospectively evaluate the effi cacy and safety of partial splenic embolization (PSE) combined with transcatheter hepatic arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: Fifty patients suffering from primary HCC associated with hypersplenism caused by cirrhosis were randomly assigned to 2 groups: group A receiving PSE combined with TACE (n = 26) and group B receiving TACE alone (n = 24). Follow-up examinations included calculation of peripheral blood cells (leukcytes, platelets and red blood cells) and treatment-associated complications. RESULTS: Prior to treatment, there was no signifi cant difference in sex, age, Child-Pugh grade, tumor diameter, mass pathology type and peripheral blood cell counts between the 2 groups. After treatment, leukocyte and platelet counts were significantly higher in group A during the 3-mo follow-up period (P < 0.05), but lower in group B (P < 0.05). Severe complications occurred in 3 patients (11.5%) of group A and in 19 patients (79.2%) of group B (P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference in symptoms of post-embolization syndrome, including abdominal pain, fever, mild nausea and vomiting between the 2 groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: PSE combined with TACE is more effective and safe than TACE alone for patients with HCC associated with hypersplenism caused by cirrhosis.

Primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma successfully treated by transcatheter arterial chemoembolization:A case report

BACKGROUND Primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma is rare and reported sporadically, with less than40 such cases have been reported in the English-language literature. Although it is reported to be associated with acquired immune deficiency syndrome, EpsteinBarr virus infection, Hodgkin's lymphoma, immunosuppression after organ transplantation, and hepatitis C virus-related liver cirrhosis, the precise steps leading to leiomyosarcoma have not been fully identified. Therapeutic strategies include liver wedge resection or lobectomy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and liver transplantation; however, the prognosis of primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma is dismal.CASE SUMMARY We describe here the first case of primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma successfully treated by transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE). The patient was a 68-year-old woman who presented with right upper quadrant pain and weight loss over the past 5 wk before admission. Abdominal computed tomography(commonly known as CT) and ultrasonography showed a mixed echoic mass measuring about 10 cm × 7 cm occupying the right lobe of the liver. Exploratory laparotomy was performed 1 wk after admission. The tumor was unresectable and biopsy was performed. Based on rapid frozen-section and histopathological examination, a final diagnosis of primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma was established. TACE was performed 2 wk later. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged on day 7 after the operation. Contrastenhanced CT showed that the tumor significantly shrunk with satisfactory lipiodol deposition. The patient has been followed up for 82 mo until now, and no progressive enlargement of the tumor or distal metastasis was observed.CONCLUSION TACE is a safe and effective treatment for primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma. The therapeutic effect of TACE combined with surgical resection should be further assessed.

Minimally invasive treatment of hepatic hemangioma by transcatheter arterial embolization combined with microwave ablation:A case report

BACKGROUND Hepatic hemangioma is the most common benign tumor of the liver.However,patients with large hemangiomas that cause compression symptoms or that are at risk of rupture may need further intervention.It is necessary to explore additional minimally invasive and personalized treatment options for hemangiomas.CASE SUMMARY A 47-year-old woman was diagnosed with a right hepatic hemangioma for more than 10 years.Abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CT)and contrast-enhanced ultrasound revealed that there was a large hemangioma in the right liver,with a size of approximately 95 mm×97 mm×117 mm.Due to the patient's refusal of surgical treatment,hepatic artery embolization was performed in the first stage.After 25 d of liver protection treatment,the liver function indexes decreased to normal levels.Then,ultrasound-guided microwave ablation of the giant hepatic hemangioma was performed.Ten days after the treatment,hepatobiliary ultrasonography showed that the hemangioma of the right liver was smaller than the previous size(the volume was reduced by approximately 30%).Then the patient was discharged from the hospital.One year after discharge,CT showed that the hepatic hemangioma had shrunk by about 80%CONCLUSION Transcatheter arterial embolization combined with microwave ablation is a safe and effective minimally invasive treatment for hepatic hemangioma.

Coadministration of telaprevir and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in hepatitis C virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma

The use of directacting antiviral agents (e.g. , telaprevir, boceprevir) has improved response rates in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 infections. Substantial number of drug-drug interactions are anticipated with the use of telaprevir, a cytochrome P450 3A and P-glycoprotein substrate and inhibitor. Herein we describe a patient with HCV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma treated simultaneously with a telaprevir-containing regimen and localized chemo-therapy (transcatheter arterial chemoembolization) with doxorubicin. No clinically relevant interactions or adverse events developed while on antiviral therapy.

p53 gene therapy in combination with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for HCC:One-year follow-up

AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of combination therapy with recombinant adenovirus p53 injection (rAdp53) and transcatheter hepatic arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).METHODS:A total of 82 patients with advanced HCC treated only with TACE served as control group.Another 68 patients with HCC treated with TACE in combination with recombinant adenovirus-p53 injection served as p53 treatment group.Patients were followed up for 12 mo.Safety and therapeutic effects were evaluated according to the improvement in clinical symptoms,leukocyte count,Karnofsky and RECIST criteria.Survival rate was calculated with Kaplan-Meier method.RESULTS:The total effective rate was 58.3% for p53 treatment group,and 26.5% for control group (P < 0.05).The incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms was lower in p53 treatment group than in control group (P < 0.05).The 3-,6-and 12-mo survival rates were significantly higher for p53 treatment group than for control group (P < 0.01).The combination treatment was well tolerated with such adverse events as fever (51.5%,P=0.006) and pain of muscles and joints (13.2%,P=0.003),which were significantly higher than the chemotherapy.Except for these minor adverse effects,no severe vector-related complications were identified.With respect to the efficacy,patients in p53 treatment group had less gastrointerestinal symptoms (P=0.062),better improvement in tumor-related pain (P=0.003),less downgrade of leukocyte counts (P=0.003) and more upgrade of Karnofsky performance score (P=0.029) than those in control group.The total effective rate (CR + PR) for p53 treatment group and control group was 58.3% and 26.5%,respectively,with distributions of different effect in two groups (P=0.042).The survival rates were 89.71%,76.13%,and 43.30% for p53 treatment group,and 68.15%,36.98%,and 24.02% for control group,respectively,3,6 and 12 mo after treatment,suggesting that the survival rates are significantly higher for p53 treatment group than for control group (P=0.0002).CONCLUSION:The rAd-p53 gene therapy in combination with TACE is a safe and effective treatment modality for advanced HCC.

Sorafenib combined with embolization plus hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy for inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND There is little evidence of combining sorafenib with hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy(HAIC)after transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)for intermediate and advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).It is important to identify that patients with intermediate and advanced HCC are most likely to benefit from this combination therapy.AIM To investigate the safety and clinical outcomes of sorafenib combined with HAIC with folinic acid,5-fluorouracil(5-FU),and oxaliplatin(FOLFOX)after TACE for intermediate and advanced HCC.METHODS This prospective phase II study enrolled patients with intermediate and advanced HCC who underwent treatment with sorafenib combined with TACEHAIC.All patients initially received the standard 400 mg dose of sorafenib twice daily before TACE-HAIC.Participants at our institute with intermediate and advanced HCC underwent routine TACE.Then,the catheter used for embolization was kept in place in the hepatic artery,and oxaliplatin was intraarterially administered for 6 h,followed by 5-FU for 18 h,and folinic acid was intravenously administered for 2 h.The primary endpoints were safety,as evaluated by the Common Terminology and Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0,and 12-mo progression-free survival(PFS),as analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method.As secondary endpoints,the objective response rate(ORR)was evaluated by the modified Response Evaluation Criteria for Solid Tumors,and survival time[overall survival(OS)]was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method.RESULTS Sixty-six participants at our institute with intermediate and advanced HCC were enrolled in this prospective study(mean age,53.3±11.7 years).Approximately 56.1%of participants had Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer(BCLC)stage C disease,and 43.9%had BCLC stage B disease.The ORR was 42.4%.The disease control rate was 87.9%.The grade 3-4 toxicities consisted of thrombocytopenia(4.5%),neutropenia(3.0%),and elevated aspartate aminotransferase(12.2%).Hand-foot skin reaction was also observed(40.9%).The median PFS was 13.1 mo(13.5 mo in the BCLC stage B participants and 9.4 mo in the BCLC stage C participants).The 6-mo,12-mo,and 24-mo PFS rates were 75.0%,54.7%,and 30.0%,respectively.The median OS was 21.8 mo.CONCLUSION Sorafenib combined with HAIC(FOLFOX)after TACE may be a feasible treatment choice for intermediate and advanced HCC because this treatment met the prespecified endpoint of a 6-mo PFS rate exceeding 50%and had good patient tolerance.Prospective randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm the effect of this combination therapy.

Safety and efficacy of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy with raltitrexed and oxaliplatin post-transarterial chemoembolization for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma

Objective:To investigate the safety,efficacy,and prognostic factors of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy(HAIC)with raltitrexed and oxaliplatin post-transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma(uHCC).Methods:Thirty-seven patients with uHCC who received HAIC with raltitrexed and oxaliplatin post-TACE between June 2014 and December 2016 at our hospital were recruited.The primary endpoint was overall survival(OS),and secondary endpoint was progression-free survival(PFS).The overall response rate(ORR)was evaluated using the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors.Toxicity was assessed according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events(v4.0).The OS and prognostic factors were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method,log-rank test,and Cox regression models.Results:Three(8.1%)patients achieved complete response,17(46.0%)patients achieved partial response,and the ORR was54.0%.The median OS and median PFS were 19.0 months and 12.0 months,respectively.The common toxicities included grade 3-4 increased aspartate aminotransferase levels(8/37,21.6%),grade 1-2 hyperbilirubinemia(75.7%,28/37),nonspecific abdominal pain and fever,and grade 2-3 thrombocytopenia(18.9%,7/37);no patients developed grade 3-4 neutropenia.Univariate analysis showed that the tumor diameter(≤50 mm,p=0.028),Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer(BCLC)stage(p=0.012),hepatitis B virus DNA level(p=0.033),and derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(dNLR;derived neutrophils/leukocytes minus neutrophils)(p=0.003)were predictive factors for prognosis.Multivariate analysis showed that patients with BCLC stage B disease(p=0.029)and dNLR<2 before therapy(p=0.004)had better prognosis.Conclusions:HAIC with raltitrexed and oxaliplatin post-TACE is a safe and efficacious therapy for patients with uHCC;in particular,those with BCLC stage B and dNLR<2 have better prognosis.

Study of hepatic arterial infusion of Endostar combined with TACE on advanced hepatocellular carcinoma

Objective:To study the efficacy and safety of hepatic arterial infusion of Endostatin(YH-16,Endostar),combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE) on advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods:Thirty patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma were enrolled in the study.The patients received hepatic arterial infusion of Endostar combined with TACE.The efficacy was evaluated strictly after 1-2 cycles according to RECIST criteria and the value of AFP;quality of life(QOL) was evaluated according to Karnofsky scores.Adverse effects were evaluated too.Results:29 cases' efficacy was evaluated among the total 30 cases.The KPS were significantly increased after the treatment(80.39 ± 8.37 vs 73.93 ± 9.22,P = 0.002).Compared with control group,the objective response rate(CR and PR) and the rate of AFP negative changed were significantly higher(P = 0.021,P = 0.046).The adverse effects were not obvious.Conclusion:The QOL and preliminary efficiency of patients of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma may be improved by hepatic arterial infusion of Endostar combined with TACE,the rate of AFP negative changed were significantly higher too,and there are little of adverse effects.It is worthy to clinical generalization and further clinical observation.

Short-term Effect of Combined Therapy with Jinlong Capsule(金龙胶囊)and Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization on Patients with Primary Hepatic Carcinoma and Its Influence on Serum Osteopontin Expression

Objective：To observe the clinical combination effect of Jinlong Capsule（金龙胶囊,JLC） and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization（TACE） on the patients with primary hepatic carcinoma（PHC） and JLC＇s influence on serum osteopontin（OPN） expression and elucidate the correlation between the serum OPN level and curative effect of JLC and TACE.Methods：A total of 98 patients with PHC were observed in a randomized controlled trial（RCT）.They were assigned to the Chinese medicine（CM） group（53 patients who were treated with TACE and JLC） and the intervention group（45 patients who were treated with TACE only）.The serum OPN levels were measured before and after treatment by quantitative sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）.Forty healthy people were assigned to the control group.The clinical efficacy was observed and Karnofsky score（KPS） was graded.Results：The clinical efficacy of the CM group（60.38%） was better than that of the intervention group（40.00%）,and the KPS（84.35±12.19） was higher than the intervention group（69.86±11.58）（P〈0.05）.The serum OPN levels before and after treatment in the patients with PHC were significantly elevated compared with those in the control group（P〈0.01）.After treatment,the OPN levels in CM group（117.69±78.50） were significantly lower compared with those in intervention group（151.09±83.90,P〈0.05）.The OPN levels of responders were remarkably lowered than the non-responders after treatment,and the level of OPN in the CM group was lower than the intervention group（P〈0.05）.Conclusions：The short-term clinical efficacy and the quality of life of patients with PHC can be improved by combining JLC with TACE.The serum OPN levels in PHC patients can reflect the curative effect of treatment and the prognosis of the disease.

Extrahepatic collaterals and liver damage in embolotherapy for ruptured hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm following hepatobiliary pancreatic surgery

AIM: To evaluate the effects of extrahepatic collaterals to the liver on liver damage and patient outcome after embolotherapy for the ruptured hepatic artery pseudoa- neurysm following hepatobiliary pancreatic surgery. METHODS: We reviewed 9 patients who underwent transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) for the ruptured hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm following major hepato- biliary pancreatic surgery between June 1992 and April 2006. We paid special attention to the extrahepatic arte- rial collaterals to the liver which may affect post-TAE liver damage and patient outcome. RESULTS: The underlying diseases were all malignan- cies, and the surgical procedures included hepatopancre- atoduodenectomy in 2 patients, hepatic resection with removal of the bile duct in 5, and pancreaticoduodenec- tomy in 2. A total of 11 pseudoaneurysm developed: 4 in the common hepatic artery, 4 in the proper hepatic artery, and 3 in the right hepatic artery. Successful he- mostasis was accomplished with the initial TAE in all patients, except for 1. Extrahepatic arterial pathways to the liver, including the right inferior phrenic artery, the jejunal branches, and the aberrant left hepatic artery, were identified in 8 of the 9 patients after the completion of TAE. The development of collaterals depended on the extent of liver mobilization during the hepatic resection, the postoperative period, the presence or absence of an aberrant left hepatic artery, and the concomitant arte- rial stenosis adjacent to the pseudoaneurysm. The liver tolerated TAE without significant consequences when at least one of the collaterals from the inferior phrenic ar-tery or the aberrant left hepatic artery was present. One patient, however, with no extrahepatic collaterals died of liver failure due to total liver necrosis 9 d after TAE. CONCLUSION: When TAE is performed on ruptured hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm, reduced collateral path- ways to the liver created by the primary surgical proce- dure and a short postoperative interval may lead to an unfavorable outcome.

THE CHANGES OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD T LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS IN PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY HEPATIC CARCINOMA BOTH PRE-TACE AND POST-TACE

Objective To observe the variations of the cellular immunological function in patients with primary hepatic carcinoma both pre-TACE(transcatheter arterial chemoembolization,TACE).Methods T lymphocyte subset CD4,CD8 and CD4/CD7 ratio in 45 patients with primary hepatic carcinoma both pre-TACE and post-TACE were measured by flow Cytometer,and compared with the result of T lymphocyte subset in 19 healthy people as normal control samples.Results The CD4 and CD4/CD8 ratio in patients with primary hepatic carcinoma were significantly lower than those in normal control(P<0.05),while CD8 higher(P<0.05);The CD4 and CD4/CD8 ratio in patients with primary hepatic carcinoma were much more lower after TACE than those before TACE(P<0.05),while CD8 was higher but had no significant difference(P>0.05).Conclusion The cellular immunological function in patients with primary hepatic carcinoma decreased and is much more lower after TACE.

Clinical Study on TACE Combined with Elemene Injection and Cinobufagin Injection Respectively for Middle and Advanced Primary Hepatic Carcinoma

Objective: To observe and compare the differences in the clinical effect and the incidences of adverse reactions oftranscatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE) combined with elemene injection and cinobufagin injection respectively for middleand advanced primary hepatic carcinoma. Methods: A total of 104 cases of patients with middle and advanced primary hepaticcarcinoma who were treated in the oncology department from August 2018 to January 2020 were included as the study objects, andwere randomly divided into two groups according to different treatment regimens, 52 cases in each group. Both groups were treatedwith TACE once;the cinobufagin injection group was given intravenous infusion with 500 mL of 5% glucose injection and 10 mLof cinobufagin injection once a day. The elemene injection group was given intravenous infusion with elemene injection of 0.4 geach time and once a day. Both groups were treated for two courses, 15 days of continuous treatment with a rest of 15 days beingone course. The clinical effect, the changes in the indexes of liver function including alanine amino transferase(ALT), aspartatetransaminase(AST) and total bilirubin(TBil), the scores of alpha-fetoprotein(AFP) and Karnofsky (KPS) and tumor volumes aswell as the difference in the incidences of adverse reactions between the two groups were observed and compared. Results: Thetotal clinical effective rate was 88.46% in the elemene injection group and 71.15% in the cinobufagin injection group, and thedifference was significant(P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of ALT, AST and TBil in serum in the two groups were significantlydecreased when compared with those before treatment, differences being significant(P<0.05). There was no significant differencebeing found in the comparison of the levels of ALT, AST and TBil in serum between the two groups (P>0.05). After treatment, thedecrease of AFP, tumor volume and the increase of KPS scores in the elemene injection group were significantly more than thosein the cinobufagin injection group, differences being significant (P<0.01). During treatment, there was no significant differencebeing found in the comparison of the total incidences of adverse reactions between the two groups(P>0.05). The adverse reactionsin the cinobufagin injection group were mainly nausea and vomiting, with higher incidence than that in the elemene injection group,the difference being significant (P<0.05). The adverse reactions in the elemene injection group were mainly pain at the injectionsite, with higher incidence than that in the cinobufagin injection group, the difference being significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Thetherapy of elemene injection combined with TACE for middle and advanced primary hepatic carcinoma has better clinical effect thanthat of cinobufagin injection, but the occ.

血清DKK1、FGF19联合CT在原发性肝癌患者介入治疗疗效评估中的应用价值

目的探讨血清Dickkopf-1(DKK1)、成纤维细胞生长因子19(FGF19)联合计算机断层扫描(CT)对原发性肝癌(PHC)患者经导管动脉栓塞化疗(TACE)的疗效评估价值。方法分别纳入2022年1月-2023年2月本院136例PHC患者,TACE治疗2个月后依据疗效分为灭活组(59例)与残留组(77例)。双抗体夹心法检测血清DKK1、FGF19水平,并对患者进行CT扫描。ROC曲线获取血清DKK1、FGF19诊断PHC患者TACE治疗后疗效的最佳截断值。以数字减影血管造影检查(DSA)为金标准,探讨血清DKK1、FGF19联合CT扫描对TACE治疗后疗效的诊断价值。采用Kappa检验分析血清DKK1、FGF19联合CT诊断PHC疗效与DSA结果一致性。结果残留组患者血清DKK1、FGF19水平分别为(2.41±0.33)ng/mL、(206.72±21.60)pg/mL,明显高于灭活组的(1.87±0.29)ng/mL、(169.57±18.45)pg/mL,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ROC曲线显示,血清DKK1、FGF19水平诊断PHC患者TACE治疗后疗效的曲线下面积分别为0.925、0.916,敏感度为83.12%、84.42%,特异度为91.52%、94.92%。CT扫描评估PHC患者TACE治疗疗效与DSA结果一致性高,Kappa值=0.766(P<0.05)。血清DKK1、FGF19联合CT扫描诊断疗效的准确度为93.38%,敏感度、特异度为96.10%、89.83%,且联合检测的敏感度明显优于单独DKK1、FGF19、CT扫描(P<0.05)。结论血清DKK1、FGF19联合CT扫描对PHC患者TACE治疗后疗效有一定诊断价值。

能谱CT联合VEGF预测120例肝癌TACE术后碘油沉积

目的探究能谱CT定量分析联合血清血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)水平检测在肝癌经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)后碘油沉积中的预测价值。方法收集2020年1月至2022年3月三门峡市中心医院行TACE术的120例肝癌病人作为研究对象,并将其分为A组(TACE术后碘油沉积面积>50%)和B组(TACE术后碘油沉积面积≤50%);同时分为C组(TACE术后碘油沉积区)和D组(TACE术后无碘油沉积区)。采用能谱CT检测肝癌病人TACE术前碘浓度及术后碘油沉积情况,计算动脉期标准化碘浓度(ANIC)、静脉期标准化碘浓度(VNIC)、肝脏标准化碘浓度比率(ICratio,ICratio=ANIC/VNIC),采用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清VEGF水平;绘制ROC曲线分析术前碘浓度及血清VEGF水平预测肝癌TACE术后碘油沉积情况的价值;采用多因素logistic回归分析肝癌TACE术后碘油沉积情况的影响因素。结果B组与A组肿瘤分期Ⅲ+Ⅳ期(60.29%比19.23%)、组织低分化(47.06%比23.08%)、血管侵犯(63.24%比11.54%)比例及ANIC(0.18±0.06比0.26±0.08)、VNIC(0.40±0.10比0.54±0.12)、血清VEGF[(284.56±78.17)ng/L比(225.74±61.05)ng/L]水平差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。VEGF、组织分化程度是肝癌TACE术后1个月碘油沉积面积≤50%的影响因素(P<0.05)。D组与C组ANIC(0.15±0.04比0.24±0.07)、VNIC(0.44±0.09比0.53±0.10)、ICratio(0.34±0.08比0.45±0.09)差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论能谱CT定量分析联合血清VEGF水平检测可较好地预测肝癌TACE术后碘油沉积情况。

超声造影联合miR-599水平在原发性肝癌TACE预后评估中的价值

目的:探讨超声造影(CEUS)联合血清微小RNA-599(miR-599)评估原发性肝癌(PHC)经导管动脉栓塞(TACE)术后疗效的价值。方法:采用回顾性研究方法,选取接受TACE治疗的80例PHC患者进行研究分析。根据实体瘤疗效标准(RECIST)将患者分为有效组54例和无效组26例,分别于TACE后第7天、14天、1月、2月时采用CEUS检查患者的肿瘤病灶灭活率,于术前及术后第7天、14天、1月、2月时检查患者血清miR-599水平,以患者TACE术后2月时的数字减影血管造影检查结果作为金标准,计算CEUS评估疗效的价值,并采用单因素分析方法及多因素Logistic回归模型分析血清miR-599与PHC患者TACE治疗效果的关系。结果:80例接受TACE治疗的PHC患者,在接受治疗2月后进行评价,其中完全缓解9例、部分缓解45例、疾病稳定22例、疾病进展4例;有效组患者的年龄、体质量指数、TACE次数、Childpugh分级、HBsAg结果与无效组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);有效组患者与无效组患者的术前甲胎蛋白水平、病灶数目、最大病灶直径、病理学分期、是否使用索菲拉尼的情况比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后1月时有效组的病灶灭活率为66.67%,术后2月时有效组患者的病灶灭活率为94.44%,有效组在术后1月、2月时的病灶灭活率显著高于无效组患者(P<0.05);无效组患者在术前及术后第7天、14天、1月、2月的血清miR-599水平均显著低于有效组患者(P<0.05);Logistic回归模型显示:术前miR-599低水平、术前AFP≥400μg/L、病灶直径≥5.0 cm、病理学分期为ⅢA期是TACE治疗PHC患者疗效不佳的独立危险因素(P<0.05),使用索菲拉尼有利于提高TACE治疗PHC患者的效果(P<0.05)。结论:应用TACE治疗的PHC患者,采用CEUS动态观察病灶变化情况,能较为准确地评估其临床治疗效果,而血清miR-599水平越低的PHC患者TACE治疗效果越差,可将CEUS病灶观察结果与血清miR-599检测结合,对PHC患者TACE的治疗效果进行综合评价。

能谱CT与超声造影评价肝癌DEB-TACE疗效的对比研究

目的对比分析能谱CT与超声造影在评价肝癌DEB-TACE术后疗效评估的应用价值。方法前瞻性纳入在郑州大学第一附属医院放射介入科接受DEB-TACE治疗的38例肝细胞癌患者,所有患者均于DEB-TACE术后4~6周接受CT能谱扫描和声学造影用评价以疗效,检查后一周内接受DSA检查。将DSA检查结果作为“金标准”,分析能谱CT与超声造影评估肝细胞癌DEB-TACE疗效的差异。应用SPSS23.0统计分析相关数据,计算两种方法的灵敏度、特异度、漏诊率、误诊率、约登指数,MedCalc绘制ROC曲线,通过对比AUC来比较两种检查方法的检验效能。结果能谱CT诊断残癌或复发的结果:灵敏度为93.33%,特异度为100.0%,误诊率为0.0%,漏诊率为6.67%,正确率94.74%,约登指数93.33%。超声造影诊断残癌或复发的结果:灵敏度76.67%,特异度100.00%,误诊率0%,漏诊率23.33%,正确率81.58%,约登指数76.67%。能谱CT和声学造影的曲线下面积分别为0.967、0.883,统计学差异显著(P<0.05)。结论对比声学造影,能谱CT对评估肝细胞癌DEB-TACE疗效评价的准确性更高,在肝细胞DEB-TACE术后患者疗效评估中有重要价值。

集束化营养干预对中晚期肝癌TACE术患者营养状况、癌因性疲乏及生活质量的影响

目的:探讨集束化营养干预对中晚期肝癌经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)术患者营养状况、癌因性疲乏及生活质量的影响。方法:选取86例接受TACE治疗的中晚期肝癌患者为研究对象,根据营养干预方式不同分为对照组和观察组,每组各43例。对照组患者予以常规营养干预;观察组患者予以集束化营养干预,干预时间均为3个月。比较两组干预前及干预后营养状态[血红蛋白(Hb)、血清白蛋白(ALB)、前白蛋白(PA)及主观整体营养状况评价表(PG-SGA)评分]、免疫功能[免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)]、癌因性疲乏[癌因性疲乏量表(CFS)评分]及生活质量[肝癌患者生活质量量表(QOL-LCV2.0)评分]。结果:干预后,两组患者Hb、ALB、PA均升高(P<0.05),且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05);PG-SGA评分均下降(P<0.05),且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05);IgA、IgM及IgG均升高(P<0.05),且观察组IgM及IgG高于对照组(P<0.05);CFS量表总分及各维度评分均下降(P<0.05),且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05);QOL-LCV2.0量表总分及各维度评分均升高(P<0.05),且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:集束化营养干预可改善中晚期肝癌TACE术患者营养状况,提高免疫功能,降低患者癌因性疲乏程度,提升患者生活质量。

“一病一品”模式在肝癌经皮肝动脉化疗栓塞术患者中的应用效果

目的探讨“一病一品”模式在肝癌经皮肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)术患者中的应用效果。方法选取2021年9月至2023年9月江西省肿瘤医院收治的100例肝癌患者,采用随机数字表法将100例患者分为两组,每组均为50例。对照组采取常规护理,观察组采用“一病一品”模式,连续干预至出院。比较两组心理状态、疼痛、自理能力、并发症率、生活质量。结果观察组护理后焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、数字评价量表(NRS)评分、并发症总发生率均低于对照组,自理能力评估量表评分、世界卫生组织生存质量测定量表(WHOQOL)各项评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论“一病一品”模式能够减轻肝癌TACE术患者不良情绪和疼痛,促进日常生活自理能力和生活质量提升,降低并发症发生风险。

肝癌肝动脉化疗栓塞及肝动脉灌注化疗术后疼痛的治疗进展

肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)及肝动脉灌注化疗(HAIC)等转化治疗是目前将不可切除晚期肝癌降期转化为可切除肝癌的主要治疗方法,不仅可以有效提高患者生存率,同时可为患者提供肝移植的机会。然而,疼痛为肝癌TACE和HAIC治疗的主要并发症,TACE术后腹痛的发生率为19.3%~71.2%,HAIC治疗过程中近64.6%的患者会出现不同程度的疼痛,严重影响患者的生活质量,缩短患者的生存期。目前,TACE和HAIC引起疼痛的发生机制尚不明确,可能与栓塞剂阻塞肿瘤供血动脉后局部肝组织肿胀、肝组织被膜压力增高或肿块包膜被牵拉、栓塞剂与抗肿瘤药物对肝动脉的化学刺激、邻近正常脏器的误栓及肠管缺血所致的内脏痛觉敏化有关。疼痛的干预措施主要有两种,一种是利多卡因、阿片类药物、非甾体抗炎药物及糖皮质激素等干预措施;另一种是腕踝针、中药汤剂等其他干预措施,但治疗效果参差不齐。本文就肝癌TACE及HAIC治疗所致疼痛情况及治疗现状进行综述,以期为其临床治疗提供参考。