Delay Effect on Coherent Transfer of Optical Frequency Based on a Triple-Pass Scheme

We demonstrate a triple-pass scheme for coherent transfer of optical frequency and the delay effect on the fiber phase noise compensation. It is theoretically proved that the delay effect consists of both fiber delay and servo delay. The delay effect confines the servo bandwidth within 1/8 and induces a residual fiber phase noise after noise compensation. For a 25-km-long fiber, the servo bandwidth is found to be around 1 k Hz, and the fiber phase noise is suppressed approaching to the theoretical limitation. The triple-pass scheme enables the simultaneous transfer of optical frequency to multiple remote users. The performance of noise compensator in the triple-pass scheme can achieve a similar level result compared with that in the double-pass scheme.

Eco-environmental benefit assessment of China's South-North Water Transfer Scheme——the middle route project

This paper assess the eco-environmental benefits that may come from the middle route project of China's South-North Water Transfer Scheme(SNWT) with principles and methods of eco-economics and planning reports of SNWT's middle route project. Some benefits were calculated in monetary units. To make sure that the results can be comparable with normal monetary indices, concrete assessment objects and the parameters are prudently selected according to the major characteristics of the project and its water import region. Primary assessment revealed that in different project construction stages, the benefit could be more than 13 07 billion RMB Yuan in 2010 and 19 79 billion RMB Yuan in 2030, respectively. The monetary value tends to increase with social-economic development. To realize these potential benefits, however, calls for more endeavors.

Estimating minimum ecological water required of the western route first stage project of China＇s south-to-north water transfer scheme for water exporting rivers

It is well known that there is abundant water resources in basin of the Yangtze River, the first largest river in China, which is mainly located in Southern China. However, water resources is very scarce in the basin of the Yellow River, which is mainly located in Northern China. So the western route project of south-north water transfer scheme （WRP-SNWTS） aims to transfer water from the Yangtze River to the Yellow River. The area of WRP-SNWT, located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the main areas of Sichuan and the marginal areas of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, has sufficient water resources but fragile ecology and environment. Therefore, it is necessary for WRP-SNWT to analyze the ecology water required. Based on the planning principles of from low elevation to high elevation, from small to large, from short to long and from easy to difficulty, the WRP-SNWT will be constructed through three stage projects. The western route first stage project of the south-north water transfer scheme （WRFST-SNWTS） is planned to transfer 4×10^9m^3/a from six tributaries of the Yalong river and from Dadu river to Jiaqu of Yellow River.. Daqu river and Niqu river are the branches of Xianshui river. Sequ river, Duke river, Make river and Ake river are the branches of Dadu river, which account for 65-70% of the total river run-off. It need more research and the rest run-off can satisfy channel ecology water required. According to analysis ecological water required which mainly satisfy for aquicolous biology in water-exporting region, such as low air temperature. Fish and aquicolous biology main living from May to August, and rivers are iced up from December to March of next year, ecology water required mainly for fish and aquicolous biology. The flow criterion of Tennant method is modified. The ecology water required of WRFSP-SNWTS is estimated by the flow data of Zhuwo gauging station, Zhuba gauging station, Chuosijia gauging station and Zumuzu gauging station. The result show that the ecology water required calculated by modified Tennant less 1 l percent than that of Tennant. This estimating result can supply more water resources for transferring to Yellow River. Meanwhile, this can supply gist for research transferring water of WRFSP-SNWTS.

Transfer Path Contribution to Floor Vibration of Metro Vehicles Based on Operational Transfer Path Analysis Method

Operational transfer path analysis(OTPA)is an advanced vibration and noise transfer path identification and contribution evaluation method.However,the application of OTPA to rail transit vehicles considers only the excitation amplitude and ignores the influence of the excitation phase.This study considers the influence of the excitation amplitude and phase,and analyzes the contribution of the secondary suspension path to the floor vibration when the metro vehicle runs at 60 km/h,using an analysis based on the OTPA method.The results show that the vertical direction of the anti-rolling torsion bar area provides the maximum contribution to the floor vibration,with a contribution of 22.1%,followed by the longitudinal vibration of the air spring area,with a contribution of 17.1%.Based on the contribution analysis,a transfer path optimization scheme is proposed,which may provide a reference for the optimization of the transfer path of metro vehicles in the future.

Need for operational simplicity and timely disbursal of benefits—a qualitative exploration of the implementation of a direct benefit transfer scheme for persons with tuberculosis in India

Background Ni-kshay Poshan Yojana(NPY)is a direct benefit transfer scheme of the Government of India introduced in 2018 to support the additional nutritional requirements of persons with TB(PwTB).Our recent nationwide evaluation of implementation and utilization of NPY using programmatic data of PwTB from nine randomly selected Indian states,reported a 70%coverage and high median delay in benefit credit.We undertook a qualitative study between January and July 2023,to understand the detailed implementation process of NPY and explore the enablers and barriers to effective implementation and utilization of the NPY scheme.Methods We followed a grounded theory approach to inductively develop theoretical explanations for social phenomena through data generated from multiple sources.We conducted 36 in-depth interviews of national,district and field-level staff of the National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme(NTEP)and NPY beneficiaries from 30 districts across nine states of India,selected using theoretical sampling.An analytical framework developed through inductive coding of a set of six interviews,guided the coding of the subsequent interviews.Categories and themes emerged through constant comparison and the data collection continued until theoretical saturation.Results Stakeholders perceived NPY as a beneficial initiative.Strong political commitment from the state administration,mainstreaming of NTEP work with the district public healthcare delivery system,availability of good geographic and internet connectivity and state-specific grievance redressal mechanisms and innovations were identified as enablers of implementation.However,the complex,multi-level benefit approval process,difficulties in accessing banking services,perceived inadequacy of benefits and overworked human resources in the NTEP were identified as barriers to implementation and utilization.Conclusion The optimal utilization of NPY is enabled by strong political commitment and challenged by its lengthy implementation process and delayed disbursal of benefits.We recommend greater operational simplicity in NPY implementation,integrating NTEP activities with the public health system to reduce the burden on the program staff,and revising the benefit amount more equitably.

THE ASYMPTOTIC PRESERVING UNIFIED GAS KINETIC SCHEME FOR GRAY RADIATIVE TRANSFER EQUATIONS ON DISTORTED QUADRILATERAL MESHES

In this paper,we consider the multi-dimensional asymptotic preserving unified gas kinetic scheme for gray radiative transfer equations on distorted quadrilateral meshes.Different from the former scheme [J.Comput.Phys.285（2015）,265-279] on uniform meshes,in this paper,in order to obtain the boundary fluxes based on the framework of unified gas kinetic scheme（UGKS）,we use the real multi-dimensional reconstruction for the initial data and the macro-terms in the equation of the gray transfer equations.We can prove that the scheme is asymptotic preserving,and especially for the distorted quadrilateral meshes,a nine-point scheme [SIAM J.SCI.COMPUT.30（2008）,1341-1361] for the diffusion limit equations is obtained,which is naturally reduced to standard five-point scheme for the orthogonal meshes.The numerical examples on distorted meshes are included to validate the current approach.

Quantitative standard of eco-compensation for the water source area in the middle route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project in China

The Middle Route Project(MRP)of the Southto-North Water Transfer Scheme(SNWT)in China will require a very large financial expenditure to ensure the water supply and the associated water quality to northern China.An eco-compensation mechanism between the water service source areas and its beneficiaries is essential.This paper establishes an analytic framework of ecocompensation standard for the protection of the water source area,including both the calculation of ecocompensation based on opportunity cost method(OCM)and calculation of the burden sharing of eco-compensation between the water source area and the external water reception area based on the deviation square method(DSM).Taking Shiyan City,Hubei Province in China as a case study,our results show that the eco-compensation in the first-phase of MRP for the water source area in Shiyan,Hubei Province should be 1.63×10^(10) CNY,about four times of planned eco-construction investment budget(4.33×10^(9) CNY).In addition,the burden sharing of eco-compensation varied greatly in terms of different methods.It would be better to integrate the results of different single-factor burden sharing methods by determining the corresponding weighting coefficient with DSM and form one unanimous consent result by the interested parties.