Tracking direct and indirect impact on technology and policy of transformative research via ego citation network

Purpose:The disseminating of academic knowledge to nonacademic audiences partly relies on the transition of subsequent citing papers.This study aims to investigate direct and indirect impact on technology and policy originating from transformative research based on ego citation network.Design/methodology/approach:Key Nobel Prize-winning publications(NPs)in fields of gene engineering and astrophysics are regarded as a proxy for transformative research.In this contribution,we introduce a network-structural indicator of citing patents to measure technological impact of a target article and use policy citations as a preliminary tool for policy impact.Findings:The results show that the impact on technology and policy of NPs are higher than that of their subsequent citation generations in gene engineering but not in astrophysics.Research limitations:The selection of Nobel Prizes is not balanced and the database used in this study,Dimensions,suffers from incompleteness and inaccuracy of citation links.Practical implications:Our findings provide useful clues to better understand the characteristics of transformative research in technological and policy impact.Originality/value:This study proposes a new framework to explore the direct and indirect impact on technology and policy originating from transformative research.

Research on Legal Issues in the Transformation of Research Achievements by University Faculty:A Study of the Experience of Universities in Silicon Valley,USA,and the Status Quo of Transformation of Research Achievements in Chitosan Bioactive Materials in China

This paper aims to delve into the legal issues surrounding the transformation of scientific research achievements by university faculty,with a special focus on legal protection and incentive mechanisms during the transformation process.By analyzing the experience of universities in Silicon Valley,USA,in promoting research transformation,including relevant legislation,university policies,and legal safeguards,as well as strategies to maximize the willingness of both universities and faculty for transformation,this paper distills the current successful legal consensuses.Simultaneously,it examines the status quo of the transformation of research achievements in chitosan bioactive materials for medical applications in China,analyzes existing legal deficiencies and urgent issues,and proposes corresponding solutions and recommendations.

A Thrice-Told Tale of Japanese Staffrooms and a Transformative Journey in Searching for East Asia as Method

Purpose:This study aims to search for fitting lenses to view and interpret teacher learning in a Japanese secondary school teacher staffroom and capture the reconstituting of researcher subjectivities in this process.Design/Approach/Methods:A narrative approach chronically documents the findings and use of the lenses in analyzing the staffroom daily interactions and traces the journey of transformation inour researcher subjectivities.Findings:The telling of a Japanese staffroom(shokuinshitsu)as a thrice-told tale under the three lenses—cultural-historic activity theory,contextualism,and intimacy orientationeach uncovers a unique interpretation of the learning going on in the daily life of the Japanese staffroom.While complementary,Western-lenses are found to be unable to explain the nature of the everyday practices in the staffroom formed under the worldviews and ethics of East Asia.Our critical examination of the major academic encounters involved in the past two decades illuminates the complex dynamism behind our research perspectives,awakens us to the dominance of Western-centralism in our researcher subjectivities,transforms our worldviews,and returns us to our cultural roots to build alternative frames of reference as East Asia as Method.OriginalityValue:This study not only uniquely demonstrates what decentered,alternative,and diversified frames of reference would look like in studying East Asian practices but also what it would take for scholars to move toward East Asia as Method.Additionally,going beyond the three lenses,it contributes to our understanding of how space(staffroom as an entity)mediates forming of the character of those who are dwellers of the shokuinshitsu.

Effect of Ligustrazine Nanoparticles Nano Spray on Transforming Growth Factor-β/Smad Signal Pathway of Rat Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells Induced by Tumor Necrosis Factor-α

Objective： To study the effect of ligustrazine nanoparticles nano spray（LNNS） on transforming growth factor β（TGF-β）/Smad signal protein of rat peritoneal mesothelial cells（RPMC） induced by tumor necrosis factor α（TNF-α）, and the anti-adhesion mechanism of LNNS in the abdominal cavity. Methods： The primary culture and subculture of rat peritoneal mesothelial cells（RPMC） was processed by trypsin digestion method in vitro. The third generation was identified for experiment and divided into 5 groups： a blank group： RPMC without treatment; a control group： RPMC stimulated with TNF-α; RPMC treated by a low-dosage LNNS group（2.5 mg/L）; RPMC treated by a medium-dosage LNNS group（5 mg/L）; and RPMC treated by a high-dosage LNNS group（10 mg/L）. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was applied to test the expression of fibronectin, collagen Ⅰ（COL-Ⅰ）, TGF-β m RNA, and Western blot method to test the Smad protein 7 expression of RPMC. Results： Compared with the blank group, a significant elevation in fibronectin（FN）, COL-Ⅰ and TGF-β m RNA expression of RPMC were observed in the control group（P〈0.05）. Compared with the control group, LNNS suppressed the expressions of FN, COL-Ⅰ and TGF-β m RNA in a concentrationdependent manner（P〈0.05）. The expression of Smad7 protein of RPMC was down-regulated by TNF-α stimulation, and up-regulated with the increase of LNNS dose（P〈0.05）. Conclusions： TNF-α may induce changes in RPMC＇s viability, leading to peritoneal injury. LNNS could reverse the induction of fibrosis related cytokine FN, COL-Ⅰ and TGF-β, up-regulating the expression of Smad7 by TNF-α in RPMC, thus attenuate peritoneal injury by repairing mesothelial cells.