[Objective] The research aimed to assess the effect of transgenic Bt plus CpTI cotton variety SGK321 on carboxylesterase and acetylcholinesterase of cotton aphid Aphis gossypii and provide theoretical basis for studyi...[Objective] The research aimed to assess the effect of transgenic Bt plus CpTI cotton variety SGK321 on carboxylesterase and acetylcholinesterase of cotton aphid Aphis gossypii and provide theoretical basis for studying the biosafety of transgenic cotton.[Method] Cotton aphids were fed with SGK321 and Shiyuan321（normal parental varieties） for over 40 generations.Enzyme activities were compared between cotton aphids feeding on SGK321 for 1,2,3,41,42 and 43 generations with those on Shiyuan321.[Result] The carboxylesterase activity of cotton aphids feeding on SGK321 for 1 generation was significantly higher than those feeding on Shiyuan321.Acetylcholinesterase activity of cotton aphids feeding on SGK321 for 1,2 and 3 generations were significantly higher than those feeding on Shiyuan321 in the same generation.But there was no significant difference of enzyme activity between cotton aphids feeding on SGK321 for a long term and those feeding on parental cotton.[Conclusion] The cotton aphid that feeding on transgenic Bt plus CpTI cotton SGK321 for a long time has adaptivity to SGK321 by regulating the detoxifying enzyme.展开更多
Due to its strong and effective insecticidal properties, transgenic Bt＋CpTI cotton has witnessed an expanding planting area in recent years, and the impact of its cultivation on soil ecosystem becomes an important pa...Due to its strong and effective insecticidal properties, transgenic Bt＋CpTI cotton has witnessed an expanding planting area in recent years, and the impact of its cultivation on soil ecosystem becomes an important part of environmental risk assessment. Using transgenic Bt＋CpTI cotton sGK321 and its parental homologous conventional cotton Shiyuan 321 as the study objects, a comparative analysis was conducted on the changes in enzyme activities （urease, alkaline phosphatase, and catalase） of the rhizosphere soil and changes in the number of culturable microor-ganisms （bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes） at different growth stages （seedling stage, budding stage, flower and bol stage, and bol opening stage） of sGK321 and Shiyuan 321 under the condition of 13 years field plantings. The results showed that, the populations of bacteria, fungi, and actinomycete and the soil enzyme activi-ties of urease, alkaline phosphatase and catalase had a similar variation trend along with the cotton growing process for transgenic cotton and conventional cotton. Some occasional and inconsistent effects on soil enzyme activities and soil fungi composi-tion in the rhizosphere soil of transgenic Bt＋CpTI cotton were found at the seedling stage, budding stage, flower and bol stage as compared with that of conventional cotton. The amount of bacteria and actinomycetes were not significantly different during a certain stage; however, the activities of urease, catalase, alkaline phos-phatase, also with the number of fungi were significantly different, e.g. the urease activities at seedling stage, the alkaline phosphatase at seedling and budding stages, and the soil culturable fungi at flower and bol stage were less than that of conven-tional cotton, while the soil alkaline phosphatase activities at flower and bol stage were higher. Cluster analysis showed that soil enzyme activities and microbial popu-lation changed mainly along the growth processes, suffering little from the planting of transgenic Bt＋CpTI cotton.展开更多
Transgenic insect-resistant cotton is being increasingly planted in Xinjiang cotton-planting regions, where geographical climate conditions and species composition of pests and natural enemies are greatly unique in Ch...Transgenic insect-resistant cotton is being increasingly planted in Xinjiang cotton-planting regions, where geographical climate conditions and species composition of pests and natural enemies are greatly unique in China. Limited studies have been conducted on the ecological impacts of transgenic insect-resistant cotton, especially for transgenic double genes （Bt＋CpTI） cotton, in this region. In this study, the potential effects of transgenic Bt＋CpTI cotton on the seasonal abundance of non-target pests and predators were assessed from 2009 to 2011 in Korla, Xinjiang. The results showed that species composition and seasonal abundance of 5 groups of pests and 5 groups of predators were not significantly different between transgenic Bt＋CpTI cotton and non-transgenic cotton every year. It suggests that transgenic Bt＋CpTI cotton per se does not affect the population dynamics of non-target pests and predators on this crop in Xinjiang.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to investigation the effects of tranagenic Bt ＋ CpTI cotton cultivation on functional diversity of microbial communities in rhizospbere soils. E Method] By using the Biolog method, a comp...[Objective] This study aimed to investigation the effects of tranagenic Bt ＋ CpTI cotton cultivation on functional diversity of microbial communities in rhizospbere soils. E Method] By using the Biolog method, a comparative study was conducted on the utilization level of single carbon source by microbes in the rhi- zosphere soils of transgenic Bt ＋ CpTI cotton sGK321 and its parental conventional cotton ＇ Shiyuan 321＇ at different growth stages. [ Result ] The results showed that, compared with the parental conventional cotton, the average well-color development （AWCD） value of micmhial communities in rhizospbere soils of transgenie Bt ＋ CpTI cotton were significantly higher （P 〈 O. 05） at seedling stage and budding stage while significantly lower at flower and boll stage and bell opening stage. Shannon-Wiener diversity index （H） and Simpson dominance index （D） of microbial communities in rhlzesphere soils of transgenic cotton and conventional cotton varied with the different growth stages, whereas the Shannon-Wiener evenness index （E） showed no significant difference between transgenie cotton and convention- al cotton at four growth stages. Principal component analysis indicated that the patterns of carbon source utilization by microbial communities in rhizospbere soils were similar among transgenic cotton at seeding stage and flower and boll stage and parental conventional cotton at seeding stage and budding stage, which were also similar between tranagenic cotton at budding stage and parental conventional cotton at flower and boll stage. [ Conclusion] Analysis of different carbon sources indi- cated that the main carbon sources utilized by soil microbes were carbohydrates, amino acids, carboxylie acids and polymers.展开更多
The S-endotoxin genes of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and proteinase inhibitor (PI) genes are two kinds of genes popularly used for developing transgenic plants resistant to insect pests. To clarify whether there is an...The S-endotoxin genes of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and proteinase inhibitor (PI) genes are two kinds of genes popularly used for developing transgenic plants resistant to insect pests. To clarify whether there is any risk concerning the effects of pollens from these transgenic crops on non-target insects with economic importance, such as the effects on the growth and development as well as cocoon quality of the silkworm, Bombyx mori Linnaeus, a series of feeding experiments were conducted, using pollens from transgenic cotton or corn containing cry 1Ac, cry1A+CpTI or crylAb genes, compared with pollens from non-transgenic normal cotton and corn as well as the non-pollen treatment. In contrast to the latter ones, pollens from transgenic plants showed no significant adverse effects on larval mortality, cocoon weight, pupa weight, cocoon shell weight, pupation rate, emergence rate and fecundity of the silkworm after neonates were fed with the pollens for 72 h. In addition, no dosage effects of pollens were found. Though the duration of 1st instar larvae was prolonged in the case of feeding with transgenic pollens as compared with those of the non-pollen treatment , but they were not significantly different from those fed with pollens from non-transgenic cotton or corn. Meanwhile, the body weight of the 3rd instar molters fed with transgenic pollens was obviously different from those for non-pollen treatment, and was all significantly heavier than that of the controls. Consequently, it is considered that the adverse effect of pollens from transgenic insect-resistant cotton and corn on the growth and development of the silkworm is negligible.展开更多
There are currently three kinds of transgenic Bt insect-resistant cotton germplasm lines, Shanxi 94-24, Zhongxin 94 and R19, in China. They showed high resistance to the neonate larvae of bollworm (Helicoverpa armiger...There are currently three kinds of transgenic Bt insect-resistant cotton germplasm lines, Shanxi 94-24, Zhongxin 94 and R19, in China. They showed high resistance to the neonate larvae of bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera). Transgenic Bt insect-resistant cotton varieties or hybrids have been bred using the three kinds of germplasm lines as parents. Our researches reveal that there exist different expressions in resistant level at different developmental stages in the three categories of germplasm lines. When neonate larvae are fed with leaves of cotton plant at the seeding stage with less than 10 leaves on the main stem, the mortality of the neonate larvae is 100%, but the resistance level will decline at later season. When Bt gene has been transferred to the cotton genome, it can be steadily transferred to the progeny, the level of resistance to bollworm keeps fundamentally uniform. Such insects as tobacco budworm (Heliothis virencens) in laboratory directive selection are very apt to produce resistance展开更多
基金Supported by Major Program for New Transgenic Plant VarietiesBreeding (2008ZX08012-04)~~
文摘[Objective] The research aimed to assess the effect of transgenic Bt plus CpTI cotton variety SGK321 on carboxylesterase and acetylcholinesterase of cotton aphid Aphis gossypii and provide theoretical basis for studying the biosafety of transgenic cotton.[Method] Cotton aphids were fed with SGK321 and Shiyuan321（normal parental varieties） for over 40 generations.Enzyme activities were compared between cotton aphids feeding on SGK321 for 1,2,3,41,42 and 43 generations with those on Shiyuan321.[Result] The carboxylesterase activity of cotton aphids feeding on SGK321 for 1 generation was significantly higher than those feeding on Shiyuan321.Acetylcholinesterase activity of cotton aphids feeding on SGK321 for 1,2 and 3 generations were significantly higher than those feeding on Shiyuan321 in the same generation.But there was no significant difference of enzyme activity between cotton aphids feeding on SGK321 for a long term and those feeding on parental cotton.[Conclusion] The cotton aphid that feeding on transgenic Bt plus CpTI cotton SGK321 for a long time has adaptivity to SGK321 by regulating the detoxifying enzyme.
文摘Due to its strong and effective insecticidal properties, transgenic Bt＋CpTI cotton has witnessed an expanding planting area in recent years, and the impact of its cultivation on soil ecosystem becomes an important part of environmental risk assessment. Using transgenic Bt＋CpTI cotton sGK321 and its parental homologous conventional cotton Shiyuan 321 as the study objects, a comparative analysis was conducted on the changes in enzyme activities （urease, alkaline phosphatase, and catalase） of the rhizosphere soil and changes in the number of culturable microor-ganisms （bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes） at different growth stages （seedling stage, budding stage, flower and bol stage, and bol opening stage） of sGK321 and Shiyuan 321 under the condition of 13 years field plantings. The results showed that, the populations of bacteria, fungi, and actinomycete and the soil enzyme activi-ties of urease, alkaline phosphatase and catalase had a similar variation trend along with the cotton growing process for transgenic cotton and conventional cotton. Some occasional and inconsistent effects on soil enzyme activities and soil fungi composi-tion in the rhizosphere soil of transgenic Bt＋CpTI cotton were found at the seedling stage, budding stage, flower and bol stage as compared with that of conventional cotton. The amount of bacteria and actinomycetes were not significantly different during a certain stage; however, the activities of urease, catalase, alkaline phos-phatase, also with the number of fungi were significantly different, e.g. the urease activities at seedling stage, the alkaline phosphatase at seedling and budding stages, and the soil culturable fungi at flower and bol stage were less than that of conven-tional cotton, while the soil alkaline phosphatase activities at flower and bol stage were higher. Cluster analysis showed that soil enzyme activities and microbial popu-lation changed mainly along the growth processes, suffering little from the planting of transgenic Bt＋CpTI cotton.
基金the 973 Program (2001CB109004and 2007CB109202)the Key Projects for Breeding Genetically Modified Organisms of China (2011ZX0811-002 and 2009ZX08011-008B)
文摘Transgenic insect-resistant cotton is being increasingly planted in Xinjiang cotton-planting regions, where geographical climate conditions and species composition of pests and natural enemies are greatly unique in China. Limited studies have been conducted on the ecological impacts of transgenic insect-resistant cotton, especially for transgenic double genes （Bt＋CpTI） cotton, in this region. In this study, the potential effects of transgenic Bt＋CpTI cotton on the seasonal abundance of non-target pests and predators were assessed from 2009 to 2011 in Korla, Xinjiang. The results showed that species composition and seasonal abundance of 5 groups of pests and 5 groups of predators were not significantly different between transgenic Bt＋CpTI cotton and non-transgenic cotton every year. It suggests that transgenic Bt＋CpTI cotton per se does not affect the population dynamics of non-target pests and predators on this crop in Xinjiang.
基金Supported by Major Project for Breeding and Cultivation of Novel GM Varieties(2011ZX08012-005,2011ZX08011-002)Dean Fund of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(201020)
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigation the effects of tranagenic Bt ＋ CpTI cotton cultivation on functional diversity of microbial communities in rhizospbere soils. E Method] By using the Biolog method, a comparative study was conducted on the utilization level of single carbon source by microbes in the rhi- zosphere soils of transgenic Bt ＋ CpTI cotton sGK321 and its parental conventional cotton ＇ Shiyuan 321＇ at different growth stages. [ Result ] The results showed that, compared with the parental conventional cotton, the average well-color development （AWCD） value of micmhial communities in rhizospbere soils of transgenie Bt ＋ CpTI cotton were significantly higher （P 〈 O. 05） at seedling stage and budding stage while significantly lower at flower and boll stage and bell opening stage. Shannon-Wiener diversity index （H） and Simpson dominance index （D） of microbial communities in rhlzesphere soils of transgenic cotton and conventional cotton varied with the different growth stages, whereas the Shannon-Wiener evenness index （E） showed no significant difference between transgenie cotton and convention- al cotton at four growth stages. Principal component analysis indicated that the patterns of carbon source utilization by microbial communities in rhizospbere soils were similar among transgenic cotton at seeding stage and flower and boll stage and parental conventional cotton at seeding stage and budding stage, which were also similar between tranagenic cotton at budding stage and parental conventional cotton at flower and boll stage. [ Conclusion] Analysis of different carbon sources indi- cated that the main carbon sources utilized by soil microbes were carbohydrates, amino acids, carboxylie acids and polymers.
文摘The S-endotoxin genes of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and proteinase inhibitor (PI) genes are two kinds of genes popularly used for developing transgenic plants resistant to insect pests. To clarify whether there is any risk concerning the effects of pollens from these transgenic crops on non-target insects with economic importance, such as the effects on the growth and development as well as cocoon quality of the silkworm, Bombyx mori Linnaeus, a series of feeding experiments were conducted, using pollens from transgenic cotton or corn containing cry 1Ac, cry1A+CpTI or crylAb genes, compared with pollens from non-transgenic normal cotton and corn as well as the non-pollen treatment. In contrast to the latter ones, pollens from transgenic plants showed no significant adverse effects on larval mortality, cocoon weight, pupa weight, cocoon shell weight, pupation rate, emergence rate and fecundity of the silkworm after neonates were fed with the pollens for 72 h. In addition, no dosage effects of pollens were found. Though the duration of 1st instar larvae was prolonged in the case of feeding with transgenic pollens as compared with those of the non-pollen treatment , but they were not significantly different from those fed with pollens from non-transgenic cotton or corn. Meanwhile, the body weight of the 3rd instar molters fed with transgenic pollens was obviously different from those for non-pollen treatment, and was all significantly heavier than that of the controls. Consequently, it is considered that the adverse effect of pollens from transgenic insect-resistant cotton and corn on the growth and development of the silkworm is negligible.
文摘There are currently three kinds of transgenic Bt insect-resistant cotton germplasm lines, Shanxi 94-24, Zhongxin 94 and R19, in China. They showed high resistance to the neonate larvae of bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera). Transgenic Bt insect-resistant cotton varieties or hybrids have been bred using the three kinds of germplasm lines as parents. Our researches reveal that there exist different expressions in resistant level at different developmental stages in the three categories of germplasm lines. When neonate larvae are fed with leaves of cotton plant at the seeding stage with less than 10 leaves on the main stem, the mortality of the neonate larvae is 100%, but the resistance level will decline at later season. When Bt gene has been transferred to the cotton genome, it can be steadily transferred to the progeny, the level of resistance to bollworm keeps fundamentally uniform. Such insects as tobacco budworm (Heliothis virencens) in laboratory directive selection are very apt to produce resistance
