Transient state model of actin-based motility

We developed a transient model for actin-based motility.Diffusion of actin monomers was included in the formulation and its influence on the speed of actin-driven cargos was examined in detail.Our results clearly demonstrated how actin polymerization accelerates cargos that are initially stationary,as well as how steady-state is eventually reached.We also found that,due to polymerization and diffusion,actin monomer concentration near the load surface can be significantly lower than that in the rest of the comet tail,suggesting that many previous models may not be very accurate.

Bottleneck Identification and Prediction of Wafer Fabrication Systems in Transient States

According to theory of constraints( TOCs), the performance of a complex manufacturing system,such as a wafer fabrication system,is mainly determined by its bottleneck machine.A method of the identification and prediction of the bottleneck machine was proposed in transient states of a system. Firstly,the bottleneck index was formulated based on the workloads and the variability in wafer fabrication systems. Secondly, main factors causing the variability and their influences on the bottleneck machine in transient states of the system were analyzed and discussed. An effective bottleneck identification and prediction model was presented,which incorporated the variability and queuing theory,and took machine breakdowns and setups into considerations.Finally,the proposed bottleneck prediction method was verified by simulation experiments. Results indicate that the proposed bottleneck prediction method is feasible and effective.

Ammonia storage and slip under steady and transient state in close-coupled SCR

The close-coupled selective catalytic reduction(cc-SCR)catalyst is an effective technology to reduce tailpipe NOx emission during cold start.This paper investigated the optimal ammonia storage under steady and transient state in the cc-SCR.The study showed that a trade-off between NOx conversion efficiency and ammonia slip is observed on the pareto solutions under steady state,and the optimal ammonia storage is calculated with ammonia slip less than 10μL/L based on the ChinaⅥemission legislation.The rapid temperature increase will lead to severe ammonia slip in the transient test cycle.A simplified 0-D calculation method on ammonia slip under transient state is proposed based on kinetic model of ammonia adsorption and desorption.In addition,the effect of ammonia storage,catalyst temperature and temperature increasing rate on ammonia slip are analyzed.The optimal ammonia storage is calculated with maximum ammonia slip less than 100μL/L according to the oxidation efficiency of ammonia slip catalyst(ASC)downstream cc-SCR.It was found that the optimal ammonia storage under transient state is much lower than that under steady state in cc-SCR at lower temperature,and a phase diagram is established to analyze the influence of temperature and temperature increasing rate on optimal ammonia storage.

Identification of Steady State and Transient State

Identification of steady state and transient state plays an important role in modeling,control,optimiza-tion,and fault detection of industrial processes.Many existing methods for state identification are not satisfactory in practical applications due to problems of ideal hypothesis,too many parameters,and poor robustness.In this paper,a novel state identification approach is proposed.The problem of state identification is transformed into finding the noise band of differential signal.For practical application,automatic selection of noise band amplitude is proposed to make the method convenient to be used.Problems of gross errors,low signal-to-noise ratio and online identification are considered.And comparison with other two methods shows that the proposed method has better identification performance.Simulations and experiments also prove the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed method.

Influence of the initial transient state of plasma and hydrogen pre-treatment on the interface properties of a silicon heterojunction fabricated by PECVD

Amorphous/crystalline silicon heterojunctions（a-Si：H/c-Si SHJ） were prepared by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition（PECVD）.The influence of the initial transient state of the plasma and the hydrogen pre-treatment on the interfacial properties of the heteroj unctions was studied.Experimental results indicate that： （1） The instability of plasma in the initial stage will damage the surface of c-Si.Using a shutter to shield the substrate for 100 s from the starting discharge can prevent the influence of the instable plasma process on the Si surface and also the interface between a-Si and c-Si.（2） The effect of hydrogen pre-treatment on interfacial passivation is constrained by the extent of hydrogen plasma bombardment and the optimal time for hydrogen pre-treatment is about 60 s.

TRANSIENT-STATE RESPONSE OF WAVE PROPAGATION IN MAGNETO-ELECTRO-ELASTIC SQUARE COLUMN

This is a continued work in studying the wave propagation in a magneto-electroelastic square column （MEESC）. Based on the analytic dispersive equation, group velocity equation and steady-state response obtained in our previous paper ＇Steady-state response of the wave propagation in a magneto-electro-elastic square column＇ published in CME, the dynamical behavior of MEESC was studied in this paper. The unlimited column is an open system. The transientstate response in the open system subjected by arbitrary external fields was derived when the propagating wave pursuing method was introduced.

Impact of Typical Steady-state Conditions and Transient Conditions on Flow Ripple and Its Test Accuracy for Axial Piston Pump

The current research about the flow ripple of axial piston pump mainly focuses on the effect of the structure of parts on the flow ripple. Therein, the structure of parts are usually designed and optimized at rated working conditions. However, the pump usually has to work in large-scale and time-variant working conditions. Therefore, the flow ripple characteristics of pump and analysis for its test accuracy with respect to variant steady-state conditions and transient conditions in a wide range of operating parameters are focused in this paper. First, a simulation model has been constructed, which takes the kinematics of oil film within friction pairs into account for higher accuracy. Afterwards, a test bed which adopts Secondary Source Method is built to verify the model. The simulation and tests results show that the angular position of the piston, corresponding to the position where the peak flow ripple is produced, varies with the different pressure. The pulsating amplitude and pulsation rate of flow ripple increase with the rise of pressure and the variation rate of pressure. For the pump working at a constant speed, the flow pulsation rate decreases dramatically with the increasing speed when the speed is less than 27.78% of the maximum speed, subsequently presents a small decrease tendency with the speed further increasing. With the rise of the variation rate of speed, the pulsating amplitude and pulsation rate of flow ripple increase. As the swash plate angle augments, the pulsating amplitude of flow ripple increases, nevertheless the flow pulsation rate decreases. In contrast with the effect of the variation of pressure, the test accuracy of flow ripple is more sensitive to the variation of speed. It makes the test accuracy above 96.20% available for the pulsating amplitude of pressure deviating within a range of ~6% from the mean pressure. However, with a variation of speed deviating within a range of ±2% from the mean speed, the attainable test accuracy of flow ripple is above 93.07%. The model constructed in this research proposes a method to determine the flow ripple characteristics of pump and its attainable test accuracy under the large-scale and time-variant working conditions. Meanwhile, a discussion about the variation of flow ripple and its obtainable test accuracy with the conditions of the pump working in wide operating ranges is given as well.

About the Features of Transient to Steady State Deformation of Solids

The features of transient to steady state deformation of solids are theoretically investigated.Modeling of various types of loading was carried out by the Movable Cellular Automata method.A stress state of material at the stage of transient to a steady state is shown to be essentially non-uniform, that may in its turn result in stable structures in velocity field of particles of the material. It may also influence development of deformation at the further stages.

PHOTOCONDUCTIVE PROPERTIES OF PVK:Alq_3 BLEND FILMS STUDIED BY STEADY-STATE AND TIME-RESOLVED TRANSIENT PHOTOCURRENT SPECTRA

The carrier transport properties of the blends of the hole transport material poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) and the electron transport material tris (8-hydroxyquinolinolato) aluminumⅢ(Alq_3) are investigated at room temperature using steady-state and time-resolved transient photocurrent measurements as a function of doping concentration of Alq_3.Due to lower LUMO and higher HOMO energy level of Alq_3 than those of PVK,Alq_3 molecules may act as carrier trap states in PVK films at low concentration.However,at...

STATE KEY LABORATORY OF TRANSIENT OPTICS

The State Key Laboratory of Transient OpticsTechnology is attached to the Xi’an Institute ofOptics and Precision Mechanics of the CAS. The Laboratory is devoted to study of the theory and technology of transient optics. Its research fields include concepts and technologies of ultrashort pulse generation, amplification, compression and measurement, ultrafast processes of interaction between light and matter, development, and application of measurement equipment of transient optics for scientific research and production. At present, its research activities are the following:

水液相下羟自由基与谷氨酸分子反应机理的量子化学研究

采用密度泛函理论的M06-2X和MN15方法,结合自洽反应场理论的SMD模型方法,研究了水液相下羟自由基(OH)与谷氨酸分子(Glu)反应的机理。研究发现:Glu的损伤可通过OH抽取其不同位置的H原子、OH加成到羧基和去质子羧基C以及单电子从Glu分子向OH转移3个途径实现。势能面计算表明:OH加成到羧基和去质子羧基C的反应通道最具优势,反应无势垒;OH抽取质子化氨基H、α-H、β-H、γ-H和羧基H的最低能垒分别是28.7、17.6、8.0、18.3和29.0 kJ/mol;电子从Glu分子向OH转移为劣势通道,反应能垒是255.2 kJ/mol。结果表明,水液相下OH加成和抽H均可诱导Glu分子损伤,损伤的Glu绝大多数难以修复,Glu具有清除羟自由基的能力。

反应堆瞬时短周期与反应性引入速率约束问题研究

核反应堆在反应性引入过程中会出现瞬时短周期现象,可能触发周期保护系统,从而出现非必要停堆问题。瞬时短周期受反应性引入速率影响较大,但同时与当前缓发中子先驱核浓度相关,一般难以量化。本文从点堆方程出发,基于两次保守假设,剥离出缓发中子先驱核浓度因素,推导出了简洁的瞬时短周期与反应性引入速率约束公式;并验证在该反应性速率约束下,瞬时短周期永远大于目标周期值,可以避免意外触发周期保护问题,为反应堆运行中的控制棒提升速率约束提供了理论依据。

B-COPNA resin formation from ethylene tar light fractions:Process development and mechanical exploration by molecular simulation

An efficient utilization strategy of ethylene tar(ET),the main by-product of the ethylene cracking unit,is urgently required to meet demands for modern petrochemical industry.On the other hand,condensed polynuclear aromatic resin of moderate condensation degree(B-COPNA)is a widely used carbon material due to its superb processability,the production of which is,however,seriously limited by the high cost of raw materials.Under such context,an interesting strategy was proposed in this study for producing B-COPNA resin using crosslinked light fractions of ethylene tar(ETLF,boiling point<260℃)facilitated by molecular simulation.1,4-Benzenedimethanol(PXG)was first selected as the crosslinking agent according to the findings of molecular simulation.The effects of operating conditions,including reactions temperature,crosslinking agent,and catalyst content on the softening point and yield of B-COPNA resin products were then investigated to optimize the process.The reaction mechanism of resin production was studied by analyzing the molecular structure and transition state of ETLF and crosslinking agents.It was shown that PXG exhibited a superior capacity of withdrawing electrons and a higher electrophilic reactivity than other crosslinking agents.In addition to the highest yield and greatest heat properties,PXG-prepared resin contained the most condensed aromatics.The corresponding optimized conditions of resin preparation were 180℃,1:1.9(PXG:ETLF),and 3%(mass)of catalyst content with a resin yield of 78.57%.It was the electrophilic substitution reaction that occurred between the ETLF and crosslinking agent molecules that were responsible for the resin formation,according to the experimental characterization and molecular simulation.Hence,it was confirmed that the proposed strategy and demonstrated process can achieve a clean and high value-added utilization of ETLF via B-COPNA resin preparation,bringing huge economic value to the current petrochemical industry.

复杂边界条件下半球壳受迫振动响应分析

基于半解析法求解得到中厚半球壳的稳态振动与瞬态振动响应。基于一阶剪切变形理论推导球壳结构能量表达式,引入Jacobi多项式和傅里叶级数表示半球壳结构的轴向和径向位移,利用Ritz法得到半球壳的稳态振动响应,与有限元法结果对比验证了本文方法的有可行性。在此基础上,对半球壳在不同边界条件、截顶角和壳体厚度下稳态振动与瞬态振动特性规律进行了分析总结。

THE CLASSIFICATION AND PERIOD OF STATES FOR MARKOV CHAIN IN RANDOM ENVIRONMENT

This paper is a continuation of [8]. In Section 1, three kinds of communication are introdnced for two states and the relations among them are investigated. In Section 2, two kinds of period of a state are introdnced and it is obtained that the period is a 'class property',i.e. two states x and y belong to same class implies the period of x is equal to the period of y.

THE DECOMPOSITION OF STATE SPACE FOR MARKOV CHAIN IN RANDOM ENVIRONMENT

This paper is a continuation of [8] and [9]. The author obtains the decomposition of state space X of an Markov chain in random environment by making use of the results in [8] and [9], gives three examples, random walk in random environment, renewal process in random environment and queue process in random environment, and obtains the decompositions of the state spaces of these three special examples.

鸭式布局二维修正双旋弹角运动及转向响应特性分析

为研究鸭式布局双旋弹受控状态下的动态响应规律,对弹丸角运动特性及转向响应特性进行理论分析。基于7自由度刚体弹道模型,求解弹丸受控状态下的攻角瞬态及稳态解析解,并推导弹丸瞬态及稳态转向响应解析表达式。研究控制指令更新周期、射角、转速及初速对转向响应特性的影响。研究结果表明:输入控制力方向对转向响应相移角影响较小;控制指令更新周期较短时,在弹道顶点相移角瞬态解与稳态解相差较大,采用瞬态解修正后弹丸横纵向耦合程度较低,随着指令更新周期的增大,转向响应相移角瞬态解逐渐趋于稳态解;相移角稳态解随转速增加而减小,随初速增加而增加。通过实验数据验证了理论的正确性。研究结果可为鸭式布局双旋弹二维修正控制系统分析设计提供理论依据。

航空发动机控制中变权重函数阶次的仿真研究

提出一种民用航空发动机过渡过程控制方法,在含非线性补偿项的航空发动机分段线性模型基础上建立含耦合状态变量权重项的性能指标指标函数,设计变权重SDRE控制算法实现的对过渡过程的控制。在MATLAB环境下对各阶次变权重函数下的航空发动机SDRE控制算法进行仿真,仿真结果表明,变权重SDRE控制算法相比定权重控制算法可以在提升航空发动机转速响应速度的同时降低燃油消耗,同时仿真结果表明,变权重函数阶次越高时转子转速响应的上升时间越快,同时燃油流量随阶次的上升先减小再增加,最后对产生这种结果的原因进行了分析。

全桥LLC谐振变换器的积分滑模-PI混合控制

全桥LLC谐振变换器的PI控制存在响应慢和鲁棒性差的问题,滑模控制存在高频抖振问题。针对这些问题,提出了基于模糊规则切换的积分滑模-PI混合控制方法。首先,通过扩展函数描述法建立全桥LLC谐振变换器的大信号模型,利用输入输出反馈线性化设计滑模面;然后,利用扫频法验证PI控制设计的合理性;最后,经多次实验,确定模糊控制的最佳输入和输出隶属度函数,实现在瞬态时由滑模控制起主导作用,在稳态时仅使用PI控制的混合控制方法。在MATLAB/Simulink中进行仿真分析,仿真结果表明,所提控制方法不仅具有滑模控制的瞬态响应快、鲁棒性强的优点,还消除了高频抖振,具有良好的控制效果。

弱电网下新能源逆变器自同步电压源低电压穿越控制方法

新能源并网逆变器的自同步电压源控制技术对构建以新能源为主体的新型电力系统具有重大意义,然而当弱电网电压发生跌落时,传统的自同步控制方法在低电压穿越(low voltage ride through,LVRT)过程中会出现由于电网阻抗大、相角差大等引起的瞬态电流冲击大、弱电网电压无法维持稳定、电压-电流控制能力须相互平衡等一系列问题。推导了低电压跌落时弱电网电压矢量与弱电网阻抗、并网电流之间的关系以及影响因素,进而提出了一种基于暂稳态阻抗重塑的多状态跟随自同步电压源LVRT控制方法,通过稳态阻抗来平衡电压和电流之间的控制能力;通过暂态阻抗重塑保证了整个过程的电压与电流瞬态控制与平滑过渡能力。为了进一步保证弱网下跌落和恢复过渡过程的平滑切换与稳定运行,提出了基于多状态跟随的暂态控制策略,优先发出无功支撑电网电压,并补偿相角和幅值突变带来的瞬态过电压和过电流冲击,帮助电网电压平稳过渡。最后,在Matlab/Simulink中验证了所提控制方法的正确性与有效性。