The transient friction in channel mean flows is the sum of two contributions,i.e.,the underlying laminar flow(ULF)and the purely turbulent component(PTC),and the contributions are analyzed separately by theoretical ex...The transient friction in channel mean flows is the sum of two contributions,i.e.,the underlying laminar flow(ULF)and the purely turbulent component(PTC),and the contributions are analyzed separately by theoretical experiments.It is found that,the transient friction may be higher or remarkably lower than that in equal-Reynolds number steady-state flows.The universal time constant for plane-parallel laminar flows is reported,and the role of the time constant in a turbulent mean flow is examined.It is shown that the time constant is related to the turbulence's frozen time.Finally,a study of the logarithmic layer during the transient flow is accomplished,which shows that the logarithmic layer is destroyed.展开更多
Most numerical transient flow models that consider dynamic friction employ a finite differences approach or the method of characteristics. These models assume a single fluid (water only) with constant density and pres...Most numerical transient flow models that consider dynamic friction employ a finite differences approach or the method of characteristics. These models assume a single fluid (water only) with constant density and pressure wave velocity. But when transient flow modeling attempts to integrate the presence of air, which produces a variable density and pressure-wave velocity, the resolution scheme becomes increasingly complex. Techniques such as finite volumes are often used to improve the quality of results because of their conservative form. This paper focuses on a resolution technique for unsteady friction using the Godunov approach in a finite volume method employing single-equivalent twophase flow equations. The unsteady friction component is determined by taking into account local and convective instantaneous accelerations and the sign of both convective acceleration and velocity values. The approach is used to reproduce a set of transient flow experiments reported in the literature, and good agreement between simulated and experimental results is found.展开更多
The transient finite element technique is applied, and a transient heat conduction model of wet brake friction disk is established. For obtaining the accurate heat flow density mathematic model and avoiding possibly i...The transient finite element technique is applied, and a transient heat conduction model of wet brake friction disk is established. For obtaining the accurate heat flow density mathematic model and avoiding possibly instable thermoelastic stress produced by the non uniform contact pressure of friction pair, a test method is applied to collect accurate contact pressure between the dual sheet steel and friction disk in the combining process. And then the heat-flow density and transient ther mo mechanical coupling simulation are analyzed. At the same time all possible boundary conditions are considered, such as the heat generation, heat conduction problem, relation between friction and contact, variation in load and heat change problem etc. The simulation results show that the me chanical model of thermo mechanical coupling can express well the dynamic characteristics of fric tion disk, and gives perfect reference for more study on thermoelastic distortion of brake friction pairs.展开更多
A comprehensive study of modeling the frequency-dependent friction in a pipeline during pressure transients following a sudden cut-off of the flow is presented. A new method using genetic algorithms（GAs） for paramet...A comprehensive study of modeling the frequency-dependent friction in a pipeline during pressure transients following a sudden cut-off of the flow is presented. A new method using genetic algorithms（GAs） for parameter identification of the weighting function coefficients of the frequency-dependent friction model is described. The number of weighting terms required in the friction model is obtained. Comparisons between simulation results and experimental data of transient pressure pulsations close to the valve in horizontal upstream and downstream pipelines are carried out respectively.The validity of the parameter identification method for weighting function coefficients and the calculation method for the number of weighting terms in the friction model is confirmed.展开更多
An exact solution to the problem of an MHD transient flow with Hall current past a uniformly accelerated horizontal porous plate in a rotating system has been presented. The dimensionless governing equations of the fl...An exact solution to the problem of an MHD transient flow with Hall current past a uniformly accelerated horizontal porous plate in a rotating system has been presented. The dimensionless governing equations of the flow problem are solved by Laplacetransform technique in closed form. A uniform magnetic field is assumed to be applied transversely to the direction of the flow. The expressions for velocity fields and skin-frictions are obtained in non-dimensional form. The primary and secondary velocity distributions and skin-frictions at the plate due to primary and secondary velocity field are demonstrated graphically and the effects of the different parameters namely, rotational parameter, Hartmann number, Hall parameter and acceleration parameter are discussed and the results are physically interpreted.展开更多
经典的特征线法(method of characteristics,MOC)因其简单方便,边界条件易于耦合求解,常应用于有压管道瞬变流方程的数值求解.对于复杂管道系统,受库朗数限制,该方法往往需要进行波速调整或插值求解,可能出现严重的累积误差和数值耗散....经典的特征线法(method of characteristics,MOC)因其简单方便,边界条件易于耦合求解,常应用于有压管道瞬变流方程的数值求解.对于复杂管道系统,受库朗数限制,该方法往往需要进行波速调整或插值求解,可能出现严重的累积误差和数值耗散.有限体积法Godunov格式(Godunov type scheme,GTS)对管道内部库朗数具有良好的鲁棒性,但边界条件采用精确黎曼不变量方法,处理复杂.同时,以往水锤计算通常仅考虑稳态摩阻,低估了瞬变压力的衰减.文章提出并推导了考虑动态摩阻的GTS-MOC耦合模型,使用二阶GTS计算管道内部控制体,在复杂边界处采用耦合GTS-MOC方法处理.首先,针对串联管和分叉管边界条件,对精确黎曼不变量方法和MOC方法进行了理论分析.推导结果表明,在马赫数(Ma)较小的管道瞬变流求解中,两种边界处理方法结果一致,与实验结果对比分析,验证了耦合格式求解的准确性.最后,将耦合格式分别与GTS和MOC进行比较.结果证明,耦合格式可以达到和GTS相同的精度,同时,串联管道系统中MOC线性插值法和波速调整法均存在数值耗散且随时间增加更明显,耦合格式结果具有准确性和稳定性,与精确解更吻合.展开更多
文摘The transient friction in channel mean flows is the sum of two contributions,i.e.,the underlying laminar flow(ULF)and the purely turbulent component(PTC),and the contributions are analyzed separately by theoretical experiments.It is found that,the transient friction may be higher or remarkably lower than that in equal-Reynolds number steady-state flows.The universal time constant for plane-parallel laminar flows is reported,and the role of the time constant in a turbulent mean flow is examined.It is shown that the time constant is related to the turbulence's frozen time.Finally,a study of the logarithmic layer during the transient flow is accomplished,which shows that the logarithmic layer is destroyed.
文摘Most numerical transient flow models that consider dynamic friction employ a finite differences approach or the method of characteristics. These models assume a single fluid (water only) with constant density and pressure wave velocity. But when transient flow modeling attempts to integrate the presence of air, which produces a variable density and pressure-wave velocity, the resolution scheme becomes increasingly complex. Techniques such as finite volumes are often used to improve the quality of results because of their conservative form. This paper focuses on a resolution technique for unsteady friction using the Godunov approach in a finite volume method employing single-equivalent twophase flow equations. The unsteady friction component is determined by taking into account local and convective instantaneous accelerations and the sign of both convective acceleration and velocity values. The approach is used to reproduce a set of transient flow experiments reported in the literature, and good agreement between simulated and experimental results is found.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China("973"Program)(613002)
文摘The transient finite element technique is applied, and a transient heat conduction model of wet brake friction disk is established. For obtaining the accurate heat flow density mathematic model and avoiding possibly instable thermoelastic stress produced by the non uniform contact pressure of friction pair, a test method is applied to collect accurate contact pressure between the dual sheet steel and friction disk in the combining process. And then the heat-flow density and transient ther mo mechanical coupling simulation are analyzed. At the same time all possible boundary conditions are considered, such as the heat generation, heat conduction problem, relation between friction and contact, variation in load and heat change problem etc. The simulation results show that the me chanical model of thermo mechanical coupling can express well the dynamic characteristics of fric tion disk, and gives perfect reference for more study on thermoelastic distortion of brake friction pairs.
基金supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(Grant No.51205045)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Grant No.ZYGX2011J083)
文摘A comprehensive study of modeling the frequency-dependent friction in a pipeline during pressure transients following a sudden cut-off of the flow is presented. A new method using genetic algorithms（GAs） for parameter identification of the weighting function coefficients of the frequency-dependent friction model is described. The number of weighting terms required in the friction model is obtained. Comparisons between simulation results and experimental data of transient pressure pulsations close to the valve in horizontal upstream and downstream pipelines are carried out respectively.The validity of the parameter identification method for weighting function coefficients and the calculation method for the number of weighting terms in the friction model is confirmed.
文摘An exact solution to the problem of an MHD transient flow with Hall current past a uniformly accelerated horizontal porous plate in a rotating system has been presented. The dimensionless governing equations of the flow problem are solved by Laplacetransform technique in closed form. A uniform magnetic field is assumed to be applied transversely to the direction of the flow. The expressions for velocity fields and skin-frictions are obtained in non-dimensional form. The primary and secondary velocity distributions and skin-frictions at the plate due to primary and secondary velocity field are demonstrated graphically and the effects of the different parameters namely, rotational parameter, Hartmann number, Hall parameter and acceleration parameter are discussed and the results are physically interpreted.
文摘经典的特征线法(method of characteristics,MOC)因其简单方便,边界条件易于耦合求解,常应用于有压管道瞬变流方程的数值求解.对于复杂管道系统,受库朗数限制,该方法往往需要进行波速调整或插值求解,可能出现严重的累积误差和数值耗散.有限体积法Godunov格式(Godunov type scheme,GTS)对管道内部库朗数具有良好的鲁棒性,但边界条件采用精确黎曼不变量方法,处理复杂.同时,以往水锤计算通常仅考虑稳态摩阻,低估了瞬变压力的衰减.文章提出并推导了考虑动态摩阻的GTS-MOC耦合模型,使用二阶GTS计算管道内部控制体,在复杂边界处采用耦合GTS-MOC方法处理.首先,针对串联管和分叉管边界条件,对精确黎曼不变量方法和MOC方法进行了理论分析.推导结果表明,在马赫数(Ma)较小的管道瞬变流求解中,两种边界处理方法结果一致,与实验结果对比分析,验证了耦合格式求解的准确性.最后,将耦合格式分别与GTS和MOC进行比较.结果证明,耦合格式可以达到和GTS相同的精度,同时,串联管道系统中MOC线性插值法和波速调整法均存在数值耗散且随时间增加更明显,耦合格式结果具有准确性和稳定性,与精确解更吻合.
