Analysis on setting airshaft at mid-tunnel to reduce transient pressure variation

Setting airshafl is one of the methods efficient to control the aerodynamic effects on a train traveling through a tunnel. By using numeral simulation, analysis is carried out on the effect of airshafl on transient pressures generated in cabin. After setting airshaft, the magnitude of pressure fluctuation in cabin is reduced nearly 40%. By analyzing the role of airshaft in alleviating pressure fluctuation, a formula to determine the optimal airshaft position is deduced.

Analysis on Shock Wave Speed of Water Hammer of Lifting Pipes for Deep-Sea Mining

Water hammer occurs whenever the fluid velocity in vertical lifting pipe systems for deep-sea mining suddenly changes. In this work, the shock wave was proven to play an important role in changing pressures and periods, and mathematical and numerical modeling technology was presented for simulated transient pressure in the abnormal pump operation. As volume concentrations were taken into account of shock wave speed, the experiment results about the pressure-time history, discharge-time history and period for the lifting pipe system showed that： as its concentrations rose up, the maximum transient pressure went down, so did its discharges; when its volume concentrations increased gradually, the period numbers of pressure decay were getting less and less, and the corresponding shock wave speed decreased. These results have highly coincided with simulation results. The conclusions are important to design lifting transporting system to prevent water hammer in order to avoid potentially devastating consequences, such as damage to components and equipment and risks to personnel.

STUDY ON CATASTROPHIC MECHANISM FOR ROTOR DROP TRANSIENT VIBRATION FOLLOWING MAGNETIC BEARING FAILURE

The nonlinear and transient vibration of a rotor, which dropped onto back-up bearings when its active magnetic bearings were out of order, was investigated. After strictly deriving its equations of motion and performing numerical simulations, the time-histories of rotating speed of the dropping rotor, and normal force at the rubbing contact point as well as the frequency spectrum of the vibration displacement of back-up bearings are fully analyzed. It is found that the strong and unsteady forced bending vibration of the unbalanced and, damped rotor decelerating through : its first. bending vibtation of the unbalanced and, damped rotor decelerating through its,first critical speed as well as chattering at high frequencies caused by the nonlinearity at the rubbing contact point between, the journal and back-up bearings may lead to the catastrophic damage. of the system.

Effects of Unbalance Location on Dynamic Characteristics of High-speed Gasoline Engine Turbocharger with Floating Ring Bearings

For the high-speed gasoline engine turbocharger rotor, due to the heterogeneity of multiple parts material, manufacturing and assembly errors, running wear in impeller and uneven carbon of turbine, the random unbalance usually can be developed which will induce excessive rotor vibration, and even lead to nonlinear vibration accidents. However, the investigation of unbalance location on the nonlinear high-speed turbocharger rotordynamic characteristics is less. In order to discuss the rotor unbalance location effects of turbocharger with nonlinear floating ring bearings（FRBs）, the realistic turbocharger of gasoline engine is taken as a research object. The rotordynamic equations of motion under the condition of unbalance are derived by applied unbalance force and nonlinear oil film force of FRBs. The FE model of turbocharger rotor-bearing system is modeled which includes the unbalance excitation and nonlinear FRBs. Under the conditions of four different applied locations of unbalance, the nonlinear transient analyses are performed based on the rotor FEM. The differences of dynamic behavior are obvious to the turbocharger rotor systems for four conditions, and the bifurcation phenomena are different. From the results of waterfall and transient response analysis, the speed for the appearance of fractional frequency is not identical and the amplitude magnitude is different from the different unbalance locations, and the non-synchronous vibration does not occur in the turbocharger and the amplitude is relative stable and minimum under the condition 4. The turbocharger vibration and non-synchronous components could be reduced or suppressed by controlling the applied location of unbalance, which is helpful for the dynamic design, fault diagnosis and vibration control of the high-speed gasoline engine turbochargers.

A Non-homentropic Numerical Method for Calculating Pressure Transient in Tunnels with Airshafts

A one dimensional unsteady compressible non homentropic flow prediction method for calculating the pressure transient generated by a high speed train passing through a tunnel with airshafts is presented. Boundary conditions for airshafts are proposed. The calculated results coincide with experiments well. The computational results of a high speed train passing through a tunnel with two airshafts indicate that airshafts can be used to reduce the magnitude of the pressure generated by the train in tunnel effectively.

高速履带车辆横摆运动响应特性分析与试验验证

为研究高速履带车辆操纵特性,奠定高速电驱动履带车辆的操纵稳定性评价及控制的基础,建立了高速履带车辆非线性转向动力学模型及2自由度线性转向动力学模型,并对模型进行试验验证。利用2自由度线性模型推导了高速履带车辆横摆运动传递函数,基于此进行了高速履带车辆横摆运动时域和频域响应特性分析,提出履带车辆稳态横摆角速度增益及临界阻尼车速的定义。研究结果表明:履带车辆稳态横摆角速度增益均小于1,履带车辆具有不足转向特性;履带车辆系统阻尼比在1左右;当车速小于临界阻尼车速时,车辆系统为过阻尼系统,横摆角速度响应的上升时间在0.2 s内;当车速等于临界阻尼车速时,车辆系统为临界阻尼系统,横摆角速度响应的上升时间大于10 s;当车速大于临界阻尼车速时,车辆系统为欠阻尼系统,横摆角速度响应的上升时间迅速减小至2~3 s。

Transient Stability Analysis of 33 KV Transmission Network of Egi Community, Nigeria

Transient analysis of 33 KV power transmission line stability of Egi communi-ty is considered in this research work with the aim of reducing the frequency of fault occurrence and voltage collapse in the network. The supply is taken from Egi generating station located at Total Nigeria Limited Gas Plant Obite at voltage level of 33 KV to Egi communities. This work focuses on the transient nature of network stability since transient fault is the most dangerous in elec-trical systems. The swinging of the generator rotor in the event of transient three-phase short circuit fault can be monitored by the circuit breakers and the protective relays which causes mal-functioning of the circuit breakers and pro-tective relays leading to abnormal behavior of the network. Therefore, data obtained from the power station were used as a case study of Independent Power Producer (IPP) in Nigeria. For investigation of the power angle, angular velocity, rotor angle differential changes, and angular velocity differential changes, an electrical transient analyzer tool was employed (ETap version 16.00) for circuit breaker and protective relay time setting of (0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, 0.35, 0.40, 0.45, 0.50, 0.55, 0.60). The work used the Trapezoidal numerical technique for data analysis. The graphs were plotted using Matlab R2015a and the results obtained showed that when a symmetrical three-phase short circuit fault occur at one or any of the feeders, the fault must be cleared as quick as possible through the coordination of the circuit breakers and protective relays. For this research work, 17 cycles corresponding to relay time setting of t = 0.34 s were recommended and at each cycle, changes in time with respect to changes in rotor angle, angular velocity, rotor differential and angular velocity differential were calculated on the power network simultaneously. The results demonstrated that the Trapezoidal method is numerically stable, accurate and has faster respond time when compared to Modified Euler and swing equation techniques in event of fault occurrence in network.

Characteristic analysis of air pressure wave generated by high-speed trains traveling through a tunnel

It is a complicated dynamic phenomenon when a transient pressure pulse is triggered by two high-speed trains passing each other in a tunnel. The air pressure pulse is a transient excitation to side wall of the car body. It can stimulate almost all vibration modes of the car body and the correlated assemblies, cause serious aerodynamic noise, and have important impacts on car body distortion, train noise, and operation safety. This article analyzes the time- frequency characteristics and main parameters of field-measured the air pressure wave, and its relationship with the train velocity as well as the vibration of the car body. Cepstrum analysis concludes that in the process of the meeting, the air pressure wave in tunnel crossing is a multiplying pressure wave instead of a superposed wave. The pressure pulse during the meeting is non-symmetrical one featured with a sharp front, large amplitude, fluctuating central sec- tion, and less sharp tail. The pulse width is inversely proportional to the train speed. As the speed increases, the impulse amplitude is amplified, and the speed of pulse front is advanced.

Numerical simulation of transient flow performance during different periods in centrifugal pumpNumerical simulation of transient flow performance during different periods in centrifugal pump

The instantaneous variations of the hydraulic characteristics take place in centrifugal pumps during their start-up,shutdown and other variable speed operations.In this paper,the variable speed method was proposed to simulate the transient internal flow field and the external performance of the pump during starting and stopping periods.The terms of accelerations due to variable speeds in the flow governing equations were analyzed in a multiple reference of frame(MRF).A transient CFD simulation was performed for a typical centrifugal pump by using ANSYS-CFX with the standard k-εturbulence model.The entire simulation process was composed of four stages:start-up,normal run,shutdown and post-shutdown.The function of rotating speed with regard to time was set by CEL language directly into the impeller domain in the pre-processor of the software to conduct variable speed simulation.The variations of the flow field in the centrifugal pump were obtained from the transient simulation.The changing laws of flow rate,head and other performance parameters over time were also analyzed and summarized.

高速子弹侵彻Ti6Al4V合金的热力耦合分析

基于动力学、温度-位移关系和几何非线性原理,采用Johnson-Cook本构模型构建起高速子弹撞击Ti6Al4V数值分析模型,研究了不同速度下子弹着靶时剩余速度的变化及靶板的温升特性及靶板的瞬态应力变化规律进行了分析;分析了距离撞击点不同位置的应力变化规律及碰撞时上下表面的应力变化情况,并分析了子弹撞击Ti6Al4V合金板过程中的冲击能量突变过程。结果表明:通过对比不同速度子弹侵彻Ti6Al4V的数值分析模型,得出子弹初速度大小是影响侵彻过程中各参数变化的重要因素;随着初速度的增大,其碰撞时间减小且剩余速度随初速度的变化规律近似线性递增;碰撞过程中子弹动能转化为整体内能使温度上升,碰撞区域温度随速度增大而增大;瞬态应力的大小及传递速度随子弹速度变化而改变,速度越大,碰撞中心弹性和塑性变形越剧烈,应力值越大。

基于压缩空气起动的柴油机瞬态特性仿真研究

利用一维仿真软件GT-Power建立大功率船用柴油机稳态模型,在此基础上对系统进行改进,增加高压气瓶、管路、空气分配器、起动空气阀模块,构建基于压缩空气分配器起动的柴油机起动过程瞬态模型,并试验验证2种模型的准确性。系统分析了环境压力、滑油温度和起动系统参数等对柴油机起动过程性能的影响,结果表明,该压缩空气系统驱动柴油机起动时间为2.6 s,能够实现连续6次起动,满足柴油机起动性能要求;选取压缩空气压力为30 bar、气瓶容积为350 L、空气管路直径为36 mm、供气起始角为-5° CA能够有效提高柴油机起动性能;从100%负载突加突卸计算结果来看,该柴油机瞬态调速率达到4.67%,不超过5%的指标要求,转速恢复到额定转速±2%的恢复时间增加至0.57 s,满足指标要求。

一种高速A/D转换器时域重构技术研究

A/D转换器在航空航天系统中的重要元器件,随着器件转换时钟频率不断提高而其工作环境不断恶化,如何准确测试其时间参数对于全面评价A/D转换器性能特别重要。目前对于高速A/D转换器时间参数测试,主流方法是通过示波器直接测试其输出,该方法对于示波器采样速度要求比较高。文章提出一种高速A/D转换器时域重构技术,可以通过计算机数字信号处理方法来实现高速A/D转换器时间参数测试,同时避免对示波器采样速度的依赖。同时,在研究高速A/D转换器时域重构技术方法及其应用的基础上,通过了相关试验验证。

某发电用柴油机瞬态性能提升试验研究

在某发电用柴油机开发中,遇到瞬态突加性能指标不满足要求的问题。为优化瞬态突加性能,本文对不同规格的增压器及不同冷却方式的排气管进行试验研究。结果表明:通过增压器的优化匹配,瞬态转速偏差比原方案改善14.3%,转速恢复时间比原方案减少32.0%;通过优化排气管冷却方式,选择干式排气管,实现了柴油机瞬态响应性的显著改善,瞬态转速偏差比原方案改善26.8%,转速恢复时间比原方案减少41.2%。

抽水蓄能机组过速保护值整定原则的探讨

本文对水电机组过速保护设置的目的、意义及其整定原则进行了初步探讨。对常规混流式水电机组和抽水蓄能机组分别发生飞逸后的机组转速变化曲线的相关特性进行分析比较,分析研究了抽水蓄能机组稳态飞逸转速和甩负荷后机组最高瞬态转速的相关情况,提出了抽水蓄能机组机械过速保护值和电气保护值的整定原则和方法。同时,结合实际工程案例,应用该整定方法对某抽水蓄能电站机组过速保护的整定值进行了计算分析,验证了该整定原则的工程实用性。

低比速水泵水轮机“S”形特性对尾水管最小压力敏感性研究

水泵水轮机“S”形特性对机组的水力过渡过程有着要的影响,“S”形特性的优劣是判定模型转轮研发成功与否的关键指标之一,对低比速水泵水轮机显得更为重要。为更深入研究转轮“S”形特性、模型转轮优化设计、水力过渡过程三者间联系,本文定义一种对“S”特性曲线定点定量的分析方法,利用不同试验特性曲线,通过水力过渡过程仿真分析加以判定,对“S”形曲线量化分析以探索三者之间的内在联系。研究表明全特性曲线中间等开度线“S”区弯曲程度对尾水管最小压力敏感性最强,等开度线在“S”区内单位流量与单位转速的比值越大,同一等开度线上飞逸单位流量越大,对提高尾水管进口最小压力越有利;叶片型式和活动导叶翼型优化设计可在一定程度上改善“S”形特性品质,提高甩负荷时尾水管最小压力值。本研成果在低比速水泵水轮机模型转轮研发和水力过渡过程优化计算方面均具有一定参考意义。

高速催泪射流轨迹分析及抗风性能实验研究

目的探究高速催泪射流轨迹和外界风环境对催泪剂着靶性能的影响。方法通过搭建高速射流瞬态采集和抗风性能测试平台,系统研究射流动态特征及抗风性能,并与现行单警催泪喷射器进行对比。结果高速催泪喷射器射流初始直径达5.5mm,呈较为规整的柱状,初始速度达138.9m/s。在1m处,射流中心仍有明显的集束状,周围出现空泡现象,速度降为88.3 m/s。在3 m处,射流轨迹呈发散的胶丝状,速度降为42.9 m/s。单警催泪喷射器射流在0.2、1、3 m处的速度分别为7.9、20.7、7.5 m/s,射流在前进过程中逐渐分散成小颗粒状的液珠,并在3 m处出现整体轨迹向下偏移。在抗风性能上,使用模拟人体上躯干600mm×900mm靶标(瞄准脸部),在0~4级侧向风作用下,高速催泪喷射器射流的着靶率为85.2%~57.4%,中心侧向偏移小于10cm,而单警催泪喷射器射流着靶率为78.8%~4.2%,中心侧向偏移超过20cm。结论相比单警催泪喷射器,高速催泪喷射器的射流轨迹具有良好的集束性和定向性,射流速度整体更高,同时在抗风性能方面也具有明显优势。另外,射流轨迹特征对其抗风稳定性起到了关键作用。

高速射流的瞬态速度及冲击力采集研究

高速催泪射流作为新型武器装备在反恐、治安以及个人防护等公共安全领域具有广阔的应用前景,然而针对高速射流装备的瞬态评估的研究还不足。因此,本文搭建了高速射流的瞬态采集系统,其主要由高速摄像系统和动态力采集系统构成,在此基础上,探究了高速射流近距离的瞬态速度和冲击力,实验结果表明,高速射流在发射装置口处呈圆柱形集束传递,轨迹直径递增,出口速度可达98 m/s,瞬态冲击力持续4 ms,发射口处的冲击力峰值达到460 N,本研究为高速射流装备的效能评估奠定了基础。

某型航空发动机双转子系统碰摩分析及挠度抑制方法研究

针对航空发动机的碰摩故障,建立某型航空发动机转子系统三维有限元模型,进行临界转速计算、低压转子瞬态响应和双转子系统碰摩风险分析;进行双转子系统碰摩响应计算,得出双转子系统碰摩工况和位置识别;采用限位轴承进行挠度抑制。结果表明:双转子系统碰摩工况与位置符合低压转子瞬态响应与临界特性,低压转子的2、3阶临界特性受到了抑制。

列车通过分岔隧道的气动效应研究

长大铁路隧道受特殊地质条件影响可采用分岔隧道建造。然而,列车高速穿越这种复杂构型的隧道时所引起的空气动力学效应尚不清楚。为此,本文采用三维、可压缩、非定常的雷诺时均模型,模拟研究了高速列车从不同方向通过分岔隧道时引起的气动效应。研究内容主要包括入口隧道结构为单线隧道(STE)和双线隧道(DTE)两个运行环境下的车体表面和隧道壁面的压力波动、列车气动力和周围流场特征等。研究结果表明,相比STE场景,DTE场景下车体表面和单线隧道壁面的压力峰峰值更大,并且气动阻力能耗也更大,头车的平均阻力增大19.2%。然而,STE场景下列车的侧向力波动更剧烈,其峰值相比DTE场景增加26%。本文的研究发现可为特殊铁路隧道的设计和建造提供有价值的空气动力学参考。

高速开关阀瞬态流场仿真特性研究

高速开关阀工作时,内部流体由于阀杆的运动形成了复杂的流动状态。而在实际情况中,很难观察到阀体内部流道中阀芯运动时的流体瞬态变化。基于此,采用计算流体力学动网格方法分析了高速开关阀3种工况下的状态,得到了流场的压力、速度、出口质量流率等数据。结果表明:出口的质量流率随着阀口的开闭呈线性变化;流体压力、速度在阀座到出口的通道中间变化最大;出口区域与开关阀角落区域在大流速差下易形成漩涡现象,并且流体的漩涡现象会随着流体的速度差变化,而顶部的动铁周围压力、流速变化不大。该结果可为设计高速开关阀时获取对应的最大通过流量及优化开关阀结构提供技术参考。