Prevention and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine against angiogenesis related cardiovascular diseases based on translational medicine

As a major medical and scientific problem perplexing mankind,cardiovascular disease seriously endangers human health and life safety,which is still the primary cause of death.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)plays an irreplaceable role in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases and has its own characteristics and definite advantages.However,the unclear mechanism hinders its further promotion,which is not conducive to the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.Translational medicine advocates interdisciplinary integration and cooperation between academic groups,to establish effective interaction between basic research and clinical application,lead more medical research to focus on the prevention and treatment of clinical diseases,as well as to accelerate the transformation from“discovery”to“realization”,and finally to benefit patients,that is,“from clinic and serve clinic”.This provides a reference mode for the development and research direction of TCM,which comes from clinical practice originally.Based on this,considering the important role of angiogenesis in the occurrence and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases,under the guidance of the concept of translational medicine,this manuscript sorts out the overview of TCM treatment on angiogenesis related cardiovascular diseases from four aspects:theoretical basis,pathogenesis and pathology,applied prescriptions and material basis,in order to summarize the translational medicine experience of TCM prevention and treatment from clinical practice to modern research,to provide a basis for basic research and clinical diagnosis and treatment of related diseases.

Transcontinental Translational Medicine Collaboration: A Successful SinoCuban Joint B-to-B Program

Translational medicine is a comprehensive discipline that aims to convert laboratory research results into products and technology for clinical application using modern molecular biological techniques, to improve our understanding of the human body and disease and to optimize laboratory design for clinical observation and analysis for basic research. Its ultimate goal is improving holistic medicine and helping patients solve their health problems. Translational medicine includes two processes： bench to bedside and bedside to bench, known as B-to-B processes. The first B-to-B （bench to bedside） refers to the application of results of the laboratory to clinical use as a medical product or a diagnosis and treatment technology. The second B-to-B （bedside to bench） describes the process by which clinical observation and analysis provides ideas and guidance for experiment design for basic medical research. The two processes complement each other and constitute the two-way cycle of translational medicine. Translational medicine can be applied to clinical disease detection in the form of new biomarkers and can accelerate drug discovery. In recent years, with the biotechnology, increasing rapid development of outcomes of research on molecular pathogenesis can be directly applied to clinical theraDv.

Contribution Invitation of Oncology and Translational Medicine

Oncology and Translational Medicine is an international professional academic periodical on oncology and translational medicine.The Journal,with the authors from around world,especially from China,is dominated in introducing the clinical experience of diagnosis and treatment as well as leading scientific research achievement in the tumor and

Research on Constitution of Chinese Medicine and Implementation of Translational Medicine

Translational medicine is a new concept presented in recent decades, the core of which is to build a bridge between basic medical research and clinical application. From the beginning of constitution of Chinese medicine, clinical application has been given priority. Therefore, the idea of translational medicine is fully demonstrated in the research into the three key scientific problems of ＂classification of constitution of Chinese medicine＂, ＂relationship between constitution and disease＂ and ＂adjustment of constitution＂. Under its guidance, not only was the systematic theory of constitution of Chinese medicine established, but also the Constitution of Chinese Medicine Scale and the Standards of Classification and determination of Constitution of Chinese Medicine were developed, which translates methods of classifying the nine constitutional types into guidance for prevention of disease, management of health and clinical application. The research findings of constitution of Chinese medicine have been applied in clinical practice and public health, establishing the diagnosis and treatment model of constitution-disease-syndrome differentiation. The nationwide application of constitution differentiation has shown good effect. In the future, constitution of Chinese medicine should strengthen the evidence-based research and multi-disciplinary cooperation, and establish a research team on comprehensive constitution of Chinese medicine and translational medicine, to translate the findings into clinical practice and public health more accurately and quickly.

Liu Shih-Hao:Pioneer of translational medicine in China

Editorial comment Translational medicine is a new discipline which aims to eliminate the barrier between preclinical and clinical medicine. Here, Dr. Li discusses the application of translational medicine in the research, teaching and clinical work of Prof. Liu Shih-Hao, the founder of endocrinology in China, who was particularly renowned for his early work in calcium and phosphorus metabolism. This well-known success story can be traced back to an early appreciation of translational medicine by Prof. Liu Shih-Hao, and serves as an important and revelatory lesson for us all.

The 3rd Symposium on Animal Models of Primates——The Application of Non-Human Primates to Basic Research and Translational Medicine

In order to understand the fundamental questions of the biology of life and to duplicate the pathogenesis of human diseases, animal models using different experimental animals, such as rodents, Drosophila, Caenorhabditis elegans, and zebrafish, have been established and used widely for many decades. The controllability of environmental conditions, the high reproducibility, the ease of scale and the comparability of results, as well as the ability to use different standards for ethical protocols, all make an animal model the ideal tool for carrying out studies on human diseases and the development of novel pharmaceuticals and new therapies （Xue et al., 2014）. An ideal animal model should reflect the complete spectra of a specific human disease, with similar features on the following key issues： （1） genetic basis; （2） anatomy and physiology; （3） pathological response（s） and underlying mechanism（s）; （4） phenotypic endpoints as clinical studies; （5） responsiveness to known drugs with clinical efficacy; and （6） prediction of clinical efficacy （McGonigle and Ruggeri, 2014）.

Minimally invasive neurosurgery： the technical platform for translational medicine

Translational medicine, normally refers to a process for transitioning from the initial lab discovery to the patient＇s bedside with minimal disconnect comprehensive review of statistical and offers a design and methodology. It has been advocated repeatedly by worldwide medical scientists as the new prospect highlighting the transition for scientific achievements from laboratory results to clinical application in recent years. As for neurosurgery, it is generally acknowledged that it has been improving in basic research and clinical practice by bounds and leaps; however, the achievements in basic and clinical neurosurgical studies seem to be parallel with no intersection for mutual interaction. Minimally invasive neurosurgery is aimed at serving as the intersection platform for translational medicine.

Special Issue on “Biomarkers for Human Diseases and Translational Medicine”

The journal Genomics, Proteomics ＆ Bioinformatics （GPB） is now inviting submissions for a special issue （to be published in the fall of 2016） on the topic of ＂Biomarkers for Human Diseases and Translational Medicine＂. In the personalized medicine era, disease biomarkers have potential application in diagnosis, prognosis, and guidance for treatment, and are important tools in translational medicine. Diagnosis upon biomarkers would aid in early and more efficient intervention, while prognostic biomarkers could lead to right decision of medical treatment.

Special Issue on ‘‘Biomarkers for Human Diseases and Translational Medicine”

The journal Genomics, Proteomics ＆ Bioinformatics （GPB） is now inviting submissions for a special issue （to be published in the fall of 2016） on the topic of ＂Biomarkers for Hunlan Diseases and Translational Medicine＂.

Special Issue on "Biomarkers for Human Diseases and Translational Medicine"

The journal Genomics, Proteomics ＆ Bioinformatics （GPB） is now inviting submissions for a special issue （to be published in the fall of 2016） on the topic of ＂Biomarkers for Human Diseases and Translational Medicine＂. In the personalized medicine era, disease biomarkers have potential application in diagnosis, prognosis, and guidance for treatment, and are important tools in translational medicine. Diagnosis upon biomarkers would aid in early and more efficient intervention, while prognostic biomarkers could lead to right decision of medical treatment.

TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE

Translational medicine is a hot topic in today's medical world. This paper reviews the literature related to translational medicine and discusses the history, definition, phases, and blocks of translational medicine. Several successful examples focusing on tackling with three main blocks of translational medicine and the future perspective are also presented in this article.

Red cell distribution width/platelet ratio estimates the 3-year risk of decompensation in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease-induced cirrhosis

BACKGROUND For compensated advanced chronic liver disease(cACLD)patients,the first decompensation represents a dramatically worsening prognostic event.Based on the first decompensation event(DE),the transition to decompensated advanced chronic liver disease(dACLD)can occur through two modalities referred to as acute decompensation(AD)and non-AD(NAD),respectively.Clinically Significant Portal Hypertension(CSPH)is considered the strongest predictor of decompensation in these patients.However,due to its invasiveness and costs,CSPH is almost never evaluated in clinical practice.Therefore,recognizing noninvasively predicting tools still have more appeal across healthcare systems.The red cell distribution width to platelet ratio(RPR)has been reported to be an indicator of hepatic fibrosis in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease(MASLD).However,its predictive role for the decompensation has never been explored.AIM In this observational study,we investigated the clinical usage of RPR in predicting DEs in MASLD-related cACLD patients.METHODS Fourty controls and 150 MASLD-cACLD patients were consecutively enrolled and followed up(FUP)semiannually for 3 years.At baseline,biochemical,clinical,and Liver Stiffness Measurement(LSM),Child-Pugh(CP),Model for End-Stage Liver Disease(MELD),aspartate aminotransferase/platelet count ratio index(APRI),Fibrosis-4(FIB-4),Albumin-Bilirubin(ALBI),ALBI-FIB-4,and RPR were collected.During FUP,DEs(timing and modaities)were recorded.CSPH was assessed at the baseline and on DE occurrence according to the available Clinical Practice Guidelines.RESULTS Of 150 MASLD-related cACLD patients,43(28.6%)progressed to dACLD at a median time of 28.9 months(29 NAD and 14 AD).Baseline RPR values were significantly higher in cACLD in comparison to controls,as well as MELD,CP,APRI,FIB-4,ALBI,ALBI-FIB-4,and LSM in dACLD-progressing compared to cACLD individuals[all P<0.0001,except for FIB-4(P:0.007)and ALBI(P:0.011)].Receiving operator curve analysis revealed RPR>0.472 and>0.894 as the best cut-offs in the prediction respectively of 3-year first DE,as well as its superiority compared to the other non-invasive tools examined.RPR(P:0.02)and the presence of baseline-CSPH(P:0.04)were significantly and independently associated with the DE.Patients presenting baseline-CSPH and RPR>0.472 showed higher risk of decompensation(P:0.0023).CONCLUSION Altogether these findings suggest the RPR as a valid and potentially applicable non-invasive tool in the prediction of timing and modalities of decompensation in MASLD-related cACLD patients.

Neurobiology of Supporting Syntactic Chains of Self-Grooming in Rodents and Its Biochecmical Characteristics

Grooming is an innate behavior that serves multiple purposes and has a dual nature, reflecting both comfort and stress. Auto-grooming, in particular, is highly sensitive to stressors and can be influenced by natural and synthetic anxiolytics. Researchers believe that rodent grooming can be a valuable tool in translational neurobiological studies, specifically focusing on aberrant grooming, such as the syntactic chain of grooming, which can serve as an experimental model for certain human psycho-nervous disorders.

Mesenchymal stromal cell-based therapy: Regulatory and translational aspects in gastroenterology

The past decade has witnessed an outstanding scientific production focused towards the possible clinical applications of mesenchymal stromal cells(MSCs) in autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases. This raised the need of novel standards to adequately address quality, efficacy and safety issues of this advanced therapy. The development of a streamlined regulation is currently hampered by the complexity of analyzing dynamic biological entities rather than chemicals. Although numerous pieces of evidence show efficacy in reducing intestinal inflammation, some inconsistencies between the mechanisms of action of rodent vs human MSCs suggest caution before assigning translational value to preclinical studies. Preliminary evidence from clinical trials showed efficacy of MSCs in the treatment of fistulizing Crohn's disease(CD), and preparations of heterologous MSCs for CD treatment are currently tested in ongoing clinical trials. However, safety issues, especially in longterm treatment, still require solid clinical data. In this regard, standardized guidelines for appropriate dosing and methods of infusion could enhance the likelihood to predict more accurately the number of responders and the duration of remission periods. In addition, elucidating MSC mechanisms of action could lead to novel and more reliable formulations such as those derived from the MSCs themselves(e.g., supernatants).

Modern Medicine:Ideas and Advances

ConSidering the limitations of medical science and the risks associated with medical treatments,we need to re-examine the connotation of medical science from the perspective of philosophy.Medical science is the natural expression of human kindness and human nature of rescuing the dying and healing the wounded.It is a combination of the natural sciences,social sciences,and humanities.From the perspectives of medical philosophy and humanistic care,this article expounds the concepts and ideas of evidence-based,translational,and precision medicine in modern medicine and emphasizes the importance of avoiding new technical bureaucracy,paying attention to achieving a holistic view and systematic understanding,and avoiding biases in development because of the loss of the humanistic spirit in modern medical practice.

Harnessing pharmacological knowledge for personalized medicine and pharmacotyping: Challenges and lessons learned

The contribution of the genetic make-up to an individual’s capacity has long been recognized in modern pharmacology as a crucial factor leading to therapy ineffciency and toxicity, negatively impacting the economic burden of healthcare and restricting the monitoring of diseases. In practical terms, and in order for drug prescription to be improved toward meeting the personalized medicine concept in drug delivery, the maximum clinical outcome for most, if not all, patients must be achieved, i.e. , pharmacotyping. Such a direction although promising and of high expectation from the society, it is however hardly to be afforded for healthcare worldwide. To overcome any existed hurdles, this means that practical clinical utility of personalized medicine decisions have to be documented and validated in the clinical setting. The latter implies for drug delivery the effcient implementation of previously gained in vivo pharmacology experience with pharmacogenomics knowledge. As an approach to work faster and in a more productive way, the elaboration of advanced physiologically based phar-macokinetics models is discussed. And in better clarifying this topic, the example of tamoxifen is thoroughly presented. Overall, pharmacotyping represents a major challenge in modern therapeutics for which pharmacologists need to work in successfully fulflling this task.

Standardization of Basic Terms Translation of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Standardization of translation of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) terms has been the focus of TCM translation for a long time; and it is the important force to enhance the steps of TCM internationalization. The standardization of translation of TCM terms is also the key to promote the theoretical research of TCM translation and the international exchange and scientific research.

World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies Center for Translation

The mission of the Center for Translation is to promote international dissemination of Traditional Chinese Medicine with service first and quality oriented.Our top-level and excellent talent team includes famous experts at home and abroad as consultants,senior,middle-aged and young expertswith international background of traditional Chinese medicine,English editors and senior translators.

Phosphatidic acid-enabled MKL1 contributes to liver regeneration:Translational implication in liver failure

Liver regeneration following injury aids the restoration of liver mass and the recovery of liver function.In the present study we investigated the contribution of megakaryocytic leukemia 1(MKL1),a transcriptional modulator,to liver regeneration.We report that both MKL1 expression and its nuclear translocation correlated with hepatocyte proliferation in cell and animal models of liver regeneration and in liver failure patients.Mice with MKL1 deletion exhibited defective regenerative response in the liver.Transcriptomic analysis revealed that MKL1 interacted with E2F1 to program pro-regenerative transcription.MAPKAPK2 mediated phosphorylation primed MKL1 for its interaction with E2F1.Of interest,phospholipase d2 promoted MKL1 nuclear accumulation and liver regeneration by catalyzing production of phosphatidic acid(PA).PA administration stimulated hepatocyte proliferation and enhanced survival in a MKL1-dependent manner in a pre-clinical model of liver failure.Finally,PA levels was detected to be positively correlated with expression of pro-regenerative genes and inversely correlated with liver injury in liver failure patients.In conclusion,our data reveal a novel mechanism whereby MKL1 contributes to liver regeneration.Screening for small-molecule compounds boosting MKL1 activity may be considered as a reasonable approach to treat acute liver failure.

Recent progress in in vivo studies and clinical applications of magnesium based biodegradable implants–A review

Biodegradable magnesium has regained great attention due to its ability to temporarily offer mechanical strength and degrade completely once the injured pathological tissue is healed.A few clinical applications of Mg-based implants were reported in the last century.However,the knowledge and experience is being gained continuously by studying the host response and degradation behavior of Mg implant in animal models and clinical trials.This led to the development of commercial products emerging from Europe and Asia very recently.The potential of Mg implants in repairing fractures at upper and lower limb of large,small animal models and humans is compared and discussed in detail.In addition the possible future Mg implants that might treat problems concerning to urology and gynecology are reviewed.