Cultivation of Translators for Multimodal Translation in the New Media Age

In the 21st century,the development of digital and new media technologies has ushered in an age of pervasive multimodal communication,which has significantly amplified the role of multimodal translation in facilitating crosscultural exchanges.Despite the profound impact of these developments,the prevailing translation pedagogy remains predominantly focused on the enhancement of linguistic translation skills,with noticeable neglect of the imperative to cultivate students’competencies in multimodal translation.Based on the distinctive characteristics and challenges that multimodal translation presents in the context of new media,this study delves into the formulation of educational objectives and curriculum design for the training of multimodal translators.The intent is to propose a framework that can guide the preparation of translators who are adept and equipped to navigate the complexities and demands of the contemporary age.

A Corpus-Based Study on the Translators’Styles in the English Versions of The True Story of Ah-Q

The True Story of Ah-Q written by Lu Xun has been translated into forty different languages,making great contributions to the external dissemination of Chinese culture.This paper adopts the corpus stylistics method to analyze the translators’styles presented by William A.Lyell and Julia Lovell’s translations of Ah-Q.Based on the self-built comparable corpus of the two translations,the paper investigates and analyzes them from the lexical and sentence level.In terms of vocabulary,the translations are statistically analyzed from the standardized type-token ratio,word frequency,word length and vocabulary density;at the sentence level,the article studies the average sentence lengths and sentence complexity.The first major finding is that Lovell’s vocabulary is richer than that of Lyell,and Lovell’s average word length is longer.Also,the average sentence length of both translations exceeds the original text,and Lovell has the highest average sentence length.Secondly,Lovell prefers to use simple sentences while Lyell prefers complex sentences.Nevertheless,both of them strive to make Lu Xun’s works understandable to foreign readers,thus understanding Chinese culture better.

Giving a Stronger Voice:Advanced technologies like ChatGPT unlikely to replace human translators and interpreters,say experts

Several months have passed since ChatGPT stepped into the spotlight.The advanced artificial intelligence(AI)chatbot trained by US company OpenAI has become a global hit thanks to its surprising capabilities,including writing essays,poems and computer code,as well as pooling data.It has generated a lot of discussion about its business value,the progress of AI and the revolution of the Internet.

On Yangbi's Translation of Vanity Fair from the Perspective of Translators' Subjectivity

Translation is the bridge between the source language and the target language,while the translator is the media through which all the expected equivalents are found,all the levels of the source texts,from specific lexical level to the whole style level are changed smoothly into target language,and thus makes translation possible. In this essay,the present author will mainly focus on some different versions of translation of Vanity Fair,and through comparison,some distinct superiority of Yangbi's version are shown. At last,the author tries to draw a conclusion that translators' subjectivity is a consequential element in translation process,translators' intuition of foreign language and good mastery of mother tongue are the guarantee of satisfactory translation.

On Creativity of Business Correspondence Translators

It will not always reach the purpose of efficient communication when a translator is just translating business correspondence word by word.In order to reach such purpose,he/she should develop the creativity that is one of the presences of the subjectivity of a translator during his/her translation process.This paper will discuss how to develop the creativity in translating business correspondence based on the Skopos Theory originated from Germany and by illustrating some examples to show the details.Those principles of exactness,faithfulness and consistence are the spirit to translate business correspondence when a translator is developing the creativity.

Russian Translators in the Oil Station of Mohe County

Role Summary:Translators of the Sino-Russian crude oil pipeline:They are the translators who enabled communication between the Chinese staff and the Russian staff during the construction and operation of the Sino-Russian crude oil pipeline,including during such crucial tasks like the launching and the reception of the pig traps and the process of transporting the oil.As "messengers"connecting the Chinese and the Russians,and as a necessity in facilitating the transportation ofoil from Russia to China,they make great contributions towards ensuring the safe and efficient operation of the Sino-Russian crude oil pipeline.

On the Requirements and Strategies for Translators in Chinese-English Translation of Tourist Materials

This thesis explores how the translators can produce the closest,natural equivalent of the tourist materials.With readers in mind,the translator should pay attention to adopt applicable strategies corresponding to the context.On the other hand,the requirement for the translator himself/herself is also indispensable,which goes onto their qualities,attitude etc.

Conscious Creative Treason and Translators' Subjectivity in Literary Translation

This paper centers on the development of translators’subjectivity by analyzing how conscious creative treason is appliedto literary translation. Based on one of the four patterns of manifestation for conscious creative treason intentional mistranslation, itis aimed to figure out dialectical unity relations between translators’subjectivity and conscious creative treason through the discus-sion on several typical cases.

A Study on Manipulation of Ideology and Translators' Subjectivity on Translation

The previous studies concerning Manipulation School are mostly obsessed with the sharp contrast between the con straints on translators by ideology and how translators break through these constraints in order to display their subjectivity. This thesis is aimed at placing the two elements at a peaceful environment to discuss how they collaboratively"manipulate"transla tors' behavior in their process of translation.

Issues Impacting on the Literary Translators

With the development of the advanced communicative technology,the new age has brought more challenges to the professional translators.The current translators have to face the issues of Machine Translation,global English,multilingual and multicultural society etc.Especially for the literary translators,because of the particularity of their work,they have to struggle more for handling these issues.In this article,I just want to present some of the issues which have impact on the literary translators deeply in the future.

Harmonious Relationship between Authors and Translators under the Feminist Translation Theory

"Androgyny" is an important concept of feminist criticism. The translators have their own voice under the guidance of"androgyny". The relationship between the translator and the author should be a harmonious dialogue.

Evolution of Terminology Within the School System in Poland Viewed as a Challenge for Translators

Despite the development of translation studies, with its introduction of numerous new trends in translation as wellas translation and interpreting types, such as context-related negotiable interpreting introduced by Tryuk 2007, plusthe development of various competences1 shaping the profile of a translator/an interpreter, it seems that the role ofa translator does remain hermeneutic in nature, with the translator viewed as being an active and analytical reader2bridging various, often foreign, cultures. Both the translator and the translated text are subject to the influence ofnumerous geopolitical, historical, technological, religious, cultural, as well as institutional and legal aspects. Therole of being a mediator between a text, culture, a widely-understood context and linguistic peculiarities alsorequires from the translator to be able to use a vast range of strategies that conform to a given target pattern.Undoubtedly, one of the factors that impose a certain degree of constraint in the process of translation isstandardization. The phenomenon encompasses various spheres of life, with one of them being the educationsystem within the European context.

A comprehensive look at the psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology of spinal cord injury and its progression: mechanisms and clinical opportunities

Spinal cord injury(SCI)is a devastating and disabling medical condition generally caused by a traumatic event(primary injury).This initial trauma is accompanied by a set of biological mechanisms directed to ameliorate neural damage but also exacerbate initial damage(secondary injury).The alterations that occur in the spinal cord have not only local but also systemic consequences and virtually all organs and tissues of the body incur important changes after SCI,explaining the progression and detrimental consequences related to this condition.Psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology(PNIE)is a growing area of research aiming to integrate and explore the interactions among the different systems that compose the human organism,considering the mind and the body as a whole.The initial traumatic event and the consequent neurological disruption trigger immune,endocrine,and multisystem dysfunction,which in turn affect the patient's psyche and well-being.In the present review,we will explore the most important local and systemic consequences of SCI from a PNIE perspective,defining the changes occurring in each system and how all these mechanisms are interconnected.Finally,potential clinical approaches derived from this knowledge will also be collectively presented with the aim to develop integrative therapies to maximize the clinical management of these patients.

Two Early Translators Keconsidered

本文是对我国近代翻译界的两个先驱严复和林纾的重新评价。 上世纪八十年代,西方作品的译本大量出现于上海书肆,但国内的文人学士大多不屑一顾。要等到象严复、林纾这样的同道出现在译坛上,方始引起他们的瞩目。 在翻译实践上,严复不斤斤于求得与原文的形似,而着意使译文合乎中国古文传统的体式。例如他翻译赫胥黎的《无演论》,往往以单句译复句,以平列代主从,改第一人称为第三人称,化平实的叙述为生动的敷演,用意在于以传统的史家笔法迻译这部论人类进化的名著,以增强读者的历史感。另一方面,严复对于科学术语的翻译则勇于创新,而又丝毫不苟。他所立的某些译名一直沿用至今。还有一点向来不为人所注意,即以译散文见称的严复,偶尔也涉笔诗歌,如《天演论》中所引蒲伯《原人》一诗,以格律诗译格律诗,颇能传达原作的雍容警策。 严复在翻译理论上的贡献首推他在《天演论》译序中提出的“信、达、雅”标准,历来论翻译者无不引用。其中“雅”的要求,不仅为“行远”所必需,在严复看来也是“求达”所不可或少。“雅”绝非象一般人所理解的那样“追求优美”。严复用汉以前的雅语译《原富》、《法意》、《穆勒名学》、《群学肄言》、《天演论》等著作,其目的在于在这些代表西方现代思想的苦药外面裹上一层古雅文体的糖衣,以便使向来对外来事物抱深闭固拒态度的中国土大夫比较容易下咽。“雅”也者,实为严复的一种招徕之术。果然,不出数年,他在知识界赢得了广大的读者。 和严复一样,林纾也娴于古文,但他不谙外文,必须借助别人的口译,笔述成书。他的文笔敏捷流畅;挥洒自如,能以每四小时六千字的惊人速度振笔直书,往往口译者的话音未落,而林纾的译文已就。他的译本乖谬自是难免,他对某些作品也恣意增删,但是对于真正使他感动的作品,他从不轻加窜改。《黑奴吁天录》就是一例。林纾深为书中描写的黑奴悲惨遭遇所感动,同时痛感中国面临的亡国灭种惨祸正与之相似,甚至过之。他在译序中告诫读者不可存依附西方侥幸生存的幻想。忧国、爱国之情,跃然纸上。 林纾对原作文学上的美质,也很有鉴赏力。他赞叹《黑奴吁天录》结构的谨严,倾心于《茶花女遗事》的作者小仲马,称赏他高超的文学技巧。 林纾及其合作者的高明处在于选择原著比较精当。在不到三十年的时间里(1896—1924),他译了一百七十余部作品,其中包括许多文学名著。林译的另一过人处是他所用的优雅流畅的古文。提倡和崇尚白话文学的人总以为一切古文都是生硬不自然的,但林纾的译文不然。他用古文译英国维多利亚时期的传奇文学,颇能曲尽其妙。有时译文的干净妥帖甚至胜过原作。至今读之仍觉隽永异常,不能不令人惊叹。 从林纾的译序中可以窥见他的心胸和文艺观点。译序表明,林纾时时以国家前途为念,并深信自己的译述有裨于同胞,可以启发其心智,振奋其精神。林纾对于所译作品也多所议论。例如他盛赞司各德的文学技巧,历举优点,说他可与司马迁、班固媲美。他对于狄更斯推崇备至,对《块肉余生述》一书的分析尤为精采,评价也最高。他赞叹这部作品长达二十余万言而能前后照应,无一破绽;此书摹写英国下层社会,穷形极相,尤为难能可贵。他认为此书的文学成就超过中国的两部最优秀的小说:一部是《水浒传》,其人物描绘后半远不及前半富于个性;另一部是《红楼梦》,此书写男女爱情,本来较易讨好。象林纾这样一个高傲的旧文人,居然如此倾倒于一个专事描写“下层社会”的英国小说家,的确耐人寻味。 林纾特别叹赏狄更斯能公正不阿地暴露英国豪门富户的罪恶。林纾从爱国心出发,呼吁中国也要有这样 的小说家出来,写小说揭发社会积弊,促使当道警醒。与严复一样,林纾没有把翻译当作无谓的消遣,而看作实现社会政治改革的手段。 林纾的呼声没有落空。就在他说这些话的时候,已经有象《官场现形记》、《二十年来目睹之怪现状》一类小说陆续问世。这类书也和林译小说一样,促成了新风气:人们群起揭露官场的腐败,谴责官吏的贪污无能。 但是一个更大的变化正在到来。一个表现新的观念,运用新的语言工具的全新的文学正在兴起。正如严复介绍西方资产阶级学术思想迎来了革命、内战和一场更大的革命,林纾的翻译也为后来激进的社会小说扫清了道路。但继之而来的变化,其程度之深远,却为二人始料所不及。他们终于转而反对他们曾经致力发动的变革事业:主张维新的严复出而拥护恢复帝制,而林纾则激烈抨击发轫于北京大学的新文化运动。

Tbx 4 and Tbx 5 gene expression associated with appendage development and its relationship with the absence of the pelvic fin in Pampus argenteus

The Tbx family is first known through the study of their functions in the body and limbs,and its members Tbx4 and Tbx5 genes are important factors in determining the characteristics of the appendages.Pampus argenteus is one of the important economical marine fishes widely distributed in offshore areas.Therefore,it is necessary to study the role of Tbx family genes in the deletion of pelvic fin in P.argenteus.In this study,we cloned Tbx4 and Tbx5 cDNA sequence of P.argenteus(GenBank:MH709128 and MH712458).The Western blot and real time PCR were used to detect the expressions of Tbx4 and Tbx5 in different developmental stages and tissues of P.argenteus.In addition,whole-mount in-situ hybridization was used to study the localization of Tbx4 and Tbx5 genes in different developmental stages of P.argenteus.Results show that the translation of Tbx4 mRNA was inhibited during the critical period of pelvic fin development.Among different tissues,Tbx4 protein levels were the lowest in the abdominal epithelium,and even lower than that in the pectoral fin,suggesting that the protein expression was also inhibited in the abdominal epithelium of adult P.argenteus.Therefore,the results indicated that upstream genes regulation led to the key stage-specific and low expression of Tbx4 during pelvic fin development and in the abdominal epithelium.

The big data challenge-and how polypharmacology supports the translation from pre-clinical research into clinical use against neurodegenerative diseases and beyond

Introductory comments:The identification and validation of disease-modifying proteins are fundamental aspects in drug development.However,the m ultifactority of n eurodegen era tive diseases poses a real challenge for targeted therapies.Furthermore,the behavior of individually(over-)expressed to rget proteins in vitro is likely to differ from their actual functional behavior when embedded in cascades and pathways in vivo.

Neuron-to-astrocyte proteostatic stress signaling in response to tau pathology

Maintenance of protein homeostasis or“proteostasis”is essential for the functioning and viability of cells.This is in particular the case for cells like neurons that cannot self-renew and acquire unique functional properties during their lifetime.Cellular proteostatic stress responses are in place to protect cells from damage in case of proteostatic challenges.The integrated stress response(ISR)is one of the key proteostatic stress responses in the cell(Costa-Mattioli and Walter,2020).The ISR is the downstream convergence point for the four stress-induced eIF2αkinases(EIF2AK1-4)that control stress-regulated protein translation via phosphorylation of the translation factor eIF2α.ISR activation results in a transient reduction of global translation while it concomitantly enhances the translation of specific mRNAs,including that encoding the activating transcription factor 4(ATF4).Together,the translational control mediated by the ISR results in a temporary reduction of the overall protein load and the selectively increased expression of proteins that contribute to restoration of the proteostatic balance.

RNPS1 stabilizes NAT10 protein to facilitate translation in cancer via tRNA ac^(4)C modification

Existing studies have underscored the pivotal role of N-acetyltransferase 10(NAT10) in various cancers. However, the outcomes of protein-protein interactions between NAT10 and its protein partners in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC) remain unexplored. In this study, we identified a significant upregulation of RNA-binding protein with serine-rich domain 1(RNPS1) in HNSCC, where RNPS1 inhibits the ubiquitination degradation of NAT10 by E3 ubiquitin ligase, zinc finger SWIM domain-containing protein 6(ZSWIM6), through direct protein interaction, thereby promoting high NAT10 expression in HNSCC. This upregulated NAT10 stability mediates the enhancement of specific tRNA ac^(4)C modifications, subsequently boosting the translation process of genes involved in pathways such as IL-6 signaling, IL-8 signaling, and PTEN signaling that play roles in regulating HNSCC malignant progression, ultimately influencing the survival and prognosis of HNSCC patients. Additionally, we pioneered the development of TRMC-seq, leading to the discovery of novel t RNA-ac^(4)C modification sites, thereby providing a potent sequencing tool for tRNAac^(4)C research. Our findings expand the repertoire of tRNA ac^(4)C modifications and identify a role of tRNA ac^(4)C in the regulation of mRNA translation in HNSCC.

Effective extraction of polyribosomes from astrocytes enables future discoveries on translation regulation

Translation regulation is an important layer of gene expression:Generation of genome-wide expression datasets at multi-omics levels in spatial,temporal,and cell-type resolution is essential for deciphering brain complexity.Regulation of gene expression is a highly dynamic process aiming at the production of precise levels of gene products to guarantee optimal cellular function,in response to physiological cues.Speedy advances in next-generation sequencing enabled the understanding of epigenomic and transcriptomic dynamic landscapes of different brain regions along development,aging,and disease progression.However,the correlation of the“transcriptome”with protein levels is poor because numerous mRNAs are subjected to manipulation of their translation efficiency,to warrant a favorable result under certain conditions.Hence,it is widely accepted that regulation at the translation level is a vital layer of gene expression.Quantification of actively translated mRNA populations(i.e.,“translatome”)is a more reliable predictor of the“proteome”(Wang et al.,2020).

High-visibility ghost imaging with phase-controlled discrete classical light sources

We take phase modulation to create discrete phase-controlled sources and realize the super-bunching effect by a phasecorrelated method. From theoretical and numerical simulations, we find the space translation invariance of the bunching effect is a key point for the ghost imaging realization. Experimentally, we create the orderly phase-correlated discrete sources which can realize high-visibility second-order ghost imaging than the result with chaotic sources. Moreover, some factors affecting the visibility of ghost image are discussed in detail.