A Dual-Channel Secure Transmission Scheme for Internet-Based Networked Control Systems

Two significant issues in Internet-based networked control systems （ INCSs）, transport performance of different protocols and security breach from Internet side, are investigated. First, for improving the performance of data transmission, user datagram protocol （UDP） is adopted as the main stand for controllers and plants using INCSs. Second, a dual-channel secure transmission scheme （DCSTS）based on data transmission characteristics of INCSs is proposed, in which a raw UDP channel and a secure TCP （transmission control protocol） connection making use of SSL/TLS （secure sockets layer/transport layer security） are included. Further, a networked control protocol （NCP） at application layer for supporting DCSTS between the controllers and plants in INCSs is designed, and it also aims at providing a universal communication mechanism for interoperability of devices among the networked control laboratories in Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Central South University of China and Tokyo University of Technology of Japan. By means of a networked single-degree-of-free- dom robot arm, an INCS under the new protocol and security environment is created. Compared with systems such as IPSec or SSL/TLS, which may cause more than 91% network throughput deduction, the new DCSTS protocol may yield results ten times better, being just 5.67%.

AN IMPROVED EPON UPSTREAM TRANSMISSION SCHEME WITH ZERO INTER-PERIOD IDLE LOSS

Existing Ethernet Passive Optical Network(EPON) Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation(DBA) algorithms suffer from the disadvantage of idle time loss,which lower the upstream bandwidth utili-zation.This letter proposes an improved upstream transmission scheme with idle-time eliminating mechanism.Theoretical analysis and numerical calculation prove that the improved scheme can ef-fectively eliminate the idle time and enhance the efficiency of upstream link utilization.Simulation results have shown that the bandwidth utilization can be raised up to 15% in heavy-load scenarios while the time delay performance of Assured Forwarding(AF) and Best Effort(BE) services are improved simultaneously.

Research and Design of Hydro-mechanical Continuously Variable Transmission for Tractors

A new type continuous variable transmission device, a hydro-mechanical continuously variable transmission （HMCVT） for agricultural tractors is developed, which is composed of a single planetary gear differential train, a hydraulic transmission system consisted of variable displacement pump and fixed displacement motor and a multi-gear fixed step radio transmission. Based on the analysis of types of hydrostatic mechanical transmission （HMT） and styles of hydraulic transmission, the general drive scheme for HMCVT is obtained. The method of selecting mechanical parameters and hydraulic units is explained, and the stepless speed regulation characteristic of HMCVT is analyzed. This paper also specializes the calculating method of transmission efficiency. It shows that tractors assembled with HMCVT can obtain a continuously variable speed and achieve high drive efficiency.

Dynamic Test of Hydro Mechanical Composite Transmission for Cotton Picker

With a transmission system suitable for a medium or large self-propelled cotton picker as the object of the study,the following work focuses on the influence law of an independently designed hydro-mechanical continuously variable transmission(HMCVT)in the process of changing sections.An HMCVT simulation model was established using the multibody dynamics Simulation X software.The accuracy of the simulation model was verified by comparing the numerical values of the output speed of the HMCVT with model predictions.The HMCVT test bench was built independently using a John Deere 4045HYC11 diesel engine as power input.The engine speed,load torque,oil pressure,and flow of speed regulating valve were considered the influencing factors.The sliding friction power was the response index for the segment change process test.We analysed the reasons for the decrease in output speed during the shifting process,and proposed to effectively reduce the stable speed difference before and after the output shaft shifting by shifting the stage ahead(with displacement ratio of-0.96).This study provides a reference value for the smoothness of the HMCVT of the self-propelled cotton picker,and is relevant in promoting the use of the cotton picker.

Study on Transmission Planning of Cascade Hydropower Stations along Lancang River Basin

Most of the hydropower projects in Southwest China and the adjacent foreign regions will be put into operation between 2015 and 2020, which will bring some difficulties for reasonable accommodation and delivery of electric energy. In this paper the author studies the development scale, development schedule, accommodation and transmission schemes of the cascade hydropower stations along the Lancang River basin, one of the five large basins in China, based on the load characteristics of grids at both the sending end and the receiving end, the strategy of complementary utilization of thermal power and hydropower, the advanced transmission technologies, and the optimal economic performance. The study results show that, the cascade hydropower stations on the upper reaches of the Lancang River in Yunnan should mainly serve Guangdong Province, with proper planning of partly serving Yunnan Province during dry seasons. The transmission schemes should adopt UHVDC, UHVAC, and single-tower double-circuited HVDC transmission scheme according to the transmission capacity and distance.

Adaptive Application Offloading Decision and Transmission Scheduling for Mobile Cloud Computing

Offloading application to cloud can augment mobile devices' computation capabilities for the emerging resource-hungry mobile application, however it can also consume both much time and energy for mobile device offloading application remotely to cloud. In this paper, we develop a newly adaptive application offloading decision-transmission scheduling scheme which can solve above problem efficiently. Specifically, we first propose an adaptive application offloading model which allows multiple target clouds coexisting. Second, based on Lyapunov optimization theory, a low complexity adaptive offloading decision-transmission scheduling scheme has been proposed. And the performance analysis is also given. Finally, simulation results show that,compared with that all applications are executed locally, mobile device can save 68.557% average execution time and 67.095% average energy consumption under situations.

A geographic routing protocol based on trunk line in VANETs

A Trunk Line Based Geographic Routing(TLBGR)protocol in Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks(VANETs)is proposed in this paper to solve the problem of data acquisition in the traditional trunk coordinated control system.Because of the characteristics of short communication time and high packet loss among vehicles,the vehicles entering the trunk lines can not transmit their information to the trunk coordinated control system stably.To resolve this problem,the proposed protocol uses the trunk lines’traffic flow and the surrounding road network to provide a real-time data transmission routing scheme.It takes into account the data congestion problem caused by the large traffic flow of the main roads,which leads to the corresponding increase of the information flow of the section and the package loss,and the link partition problem caused by the insufficient traffic flow,which makes the vehicles have to carry and relay information thus increasing the transmission delay.The proposed TLBGR protocol can be divided into two stages:the next-intersection selection,and the next-hop selection in the chosen path between the current and next intersections.Simulation results show that,compared with other IoT routing protocols including Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing(GPSR),Ad-hoc On Demand Vector(AODV),and Q-AODV,the TLBGR protocol has better performance in aspects of end-to-end delay,delivery rate,and routing cost under the scenario of urban traffic trunk lines.The TLBGR protocol can effectively avoid data congestion and local optimum problems,increase the delivery rate of data packets,and is therefore suitable for the routing requirements in this application scenario.

43 Gbit/s x 54 ch Transmission with Dense 75 GHz Channel Spacing in NRZ Modulation Scheme

We demonstrated 2.16-Tbit/s (43 Gbit/s x 54 ch) WDM transmission over 600 km of standard single-mode fiber with high spectral efficiency 0.53 bit/s/Hz using optimized optical mux/demux filters for 75-GHz channel spacing in a simple NRZ modulation scheme.