Modified technical protocol for single-port laparoscopic appendectomy using needle-type grasping forceps for acute simple appendicitis:A case report

BACKGROUND Because of the mild inflammatory status in acute uncomplicated appendicitis,our team developed a novel technical protocol for single-port laparoscopic appendec-tomy using needle-type grasping forceps(SLAN)and achieved positive clinical outcomes.However,the intraoperative procedure lacked stability and fluency due to a series of problems highlighted by the small incision design of the proto-col(only 1 cm long).Therefore,there is a growing clinical demand to further opti-mize the SLAN protocol.CASE SUMMARY An adult male patient was admitted for persistent right lower abdominal pain with preoperative computed tomography findings suggestive of appendicitis accompanied by localized peritonitis.A modified technical protocol for SLAN based on minimally invasive surgical principles was used,and the patient was confirmed to have acute simple appendicitis by postoperative pathological ana-lysis.Postoperative recovery was uneventful,and no postoperative complications,such as incision infection or severe incision pain,were observed.The patient was discharged successfully on postoperative day 2.CONCLUSION The modified technical protocol of SLAN may be a new minimally invasive surgical alternative for patients with acute simple appendicitis.

Overview of single-port laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancers: Past, present, and the future

Single-port laparoscopic surgery (SPLS) is implemented through a tailored minimal single incision through which a number of laparoscopic instruments access. Introduction of operation-customized port system, utilization of a camera without a separate external light, and instruments with different lengths has brought the favorable environment for SPLS. However, performing SPLS still creates several hardships compared to multiport laparoscopic surgery; a single-port system inevitably leads to clashing of surgical instruments due to crowding. To overcome such difficulties, investigators has developed novel concepts and maneuvers, including the concept of inverse triangulation and the maneuvers of pivoting, spreading out dissection, hanging suture, and transluminal traction. The final destination of SPLS is expected to be a completely seamless operation, maximizing the minimal invasiveness. Specimen extraction through the umbilicus can undermine cosmesis by inducing a larger incision. Therefore, hybrid laparoscopic technique, which combined laparoscopic surgical technique with natural orifice specimen extraction (NOSE) - i.e., transvaginal or transanal route-, has been developed. SPLS and NOSE seemed to be the best combination in pursuit of minimal invasiveness. In the near future, robotic SPLS with natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery’s way of specimen extraction seems to be pursued. It is expected to provide a completely or nearly complete seamless operation regardless of location of the lesion in the abdomen.

Single-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy vs standard laparoscopic cholecystectomy:A non-randomized,agematched single center trial

AIM: To compare the safety of single-port laparoscopic cholecystectomies with standard four-port cholecystectomies.METHODS: Between January 2011 and December 2012 datas were gathered from 100 consecutive patients who received a single-port cholecystectomy. Patient baseline characteristics of all 100 single-port cholecystectomies were collected(body mass index, age, etc.) in a database. This group was compared with 100 age-matched patients who underwent a conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the same period. Retrospectively, per- and postoperative data were added. The two groups were compared to each other using independent t-tests and χ2-tests, P values below 0.05 were considered significantly different.RESULTS: No differences were found between both groups regarding baseline characteristics. Operating time was significantly shorter in the total single-port group(42 min vs 62 min, P < 0.05); in procedures performed by surgeons the same trend was seen(45 min vs 59 min, P < 0.05). Peroperative complications between both groups were equal(3 in the single-port group vs 5 in the multiport group; P = 0.42). Although not significant less postoperative complications were seen in the single-port group compared with the multiport group(3 vs 9; P = 0.07). No statistically significant differences were found between both groupswith regard to length of hospital stay, readmissions and mortality. CONCLUSION: Single-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy has the potential to be a safe technique with a low complication rate, short in-hospital stay and comparable operating time. Single-port cholecystectomy provides the patient an almost non-visible scar while preserving optimal quality of surgery. Further prospective studies are needed to prove the safety of the single-port technique.

Technical and instrumental prerequisites for single-port laparoscopic solo surgery:state of art

With the aid of advanced surgical techniques and instruments, single-port laparoscopic surgery(SPLS) can be accomplished with just two surgical members: an operator and a camera assistant. Under these circumstances, the reasonable replacement of a human camera assistant by a mechanical camera holder has resulted in a new surgical procedure termed singleport solo surgery(SPSS). In SPSS, the fixation and coordinated movement of a camera held by mechanicaldevices provides fixed and stable operative images that are under the control of the operator. Therefore, SPSS primarily benefits from the provision of the operator's eye-to-hand coordination. Because SPSS is an intuitive modification of SPLS, the indications for SPSS are the same as those for SPLS. Though SPSS necessitates more actions than the surgery with a human assistant, these difficulties seem to be easily overcome by the greater provision of static operative images and the need for less lens cleaning and repositioning of the camera. When the operation is expected to be difficult and demanding, the SPSS process could be assisted by the addition of another instrument holder besides the camera holder.

Laparoscopic left lateral sectionectomy in pediatric living donor liver transplantation by single-port approach:A case report

BACKGROUND Single-port laparoscopy has been used in a variety of abdominal operations.We report the first case of single-port laparoscopic left lateral sectionectomy in pediatric laparoscopic living donor liver transplantation.CASE SUMMARY A 28-year-old man volunteered for living liver donation to his daughter who was diagnosed with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension after the Kasai procedure for biliary atresia.His body mass index was 20.5 kg/m2.Liver dynamic computed tomography showed:(1)Left lateral graft volume of 232.76 cm3 with a graft-torecipient weight ratio of 2.59%;and(2)Right hepatic artery derived from the superior mesenteric artery.A single-port access system was placed through a transumbilical incision,including four trocars:two 12-mm ports for a camera and endoscopic stapler and two 5-mm working ports.Liver parenchyma was dissected by a Harmonic and Cavitron Ultrasonic Surgical Aspirator,while bipolar was used for coagulation.The bile duct was transected above the bifurcation by indocyanine green fluorescence cholangiography.The specimen was retrieved from the umbilical incision.The total operation time was 4 h without blood transfusion.The final graft weight was 233.6 g with graft-torecipient weight ratio of 2.60%.The donor was discharged uneventfully on postoperative day 4.CONCLUSION Single-port laparoscopic left lateral sectionectomy is feasible in pediatric laparoscopic living donor liver transplantation in an experienced transplant center.

Single-port laparoscopic surgery for sigmoid volvulus

AIM:To report our experience with single-port laparoscopic surgery(SPLS)for sigmoid volvulus(SV).METHODS:Between October 2009 and April 2013,10patients underwent SPLS for SV.SPLS was performed transumbilically or through a predetermined stoma site.Conventional straight and rigid-type laparoscopic instruments were used.After intracorporeal,segmental resection of the affected sigmoid colon,the specimen was extracted through the single-incision site.Patientdemographics and perioperative data were analyzed.RESULTS:SPLS for SV was successful in all 10 patients(4,resection and primary anastomosis;6,Hartmann’s procedure).The median operative time and postoperative hospitalization period were 168(range,85-315)min and 6.5(range,4-29)d,respectively.No intraoperative complications were noted;there were 2 postoperative complications,including 1 anastomotic leak.CONCLUSION:SPLS was a safe and feasible therapeutic approach for SV,when performed by a surgeon experienced in conventional laparoscopic surgery.

Evaluation of the Single-Port Laparoscopic Right Hemicolectomy Learning Curve

Background: The use of single-port laparoscopy has gained popularity within recent years. Part of the appeal in learning this approach is that it draws heavily from concepts mastered through conventional laparoscopy. Various studies have shown the efficacy and feasibility of the single-port laparoscopic approach, but there are few that examine the learning curve in adopting this new technique. Objective: Our goal was to better define the learning curve in performing a single-port laparoscopic right hemicolectomy. Design: A review of prospectively gathered operative data was performed to analyze the results of single-port laparoscopic right hemicolectomies performed within our institution by experienced laparoscopic surgeons. The first 100 cases were divided into quintiles. Comparisons were made among the cohorts regarding patient demographics, operative time, length of stay, conversions, and complications. Results: There was no difference among quintiles with regard to age, sex, BMI, or ASA class. Operative time, conversions, length of stay, and number of complications did not significantly vary among each group of patients. There was a significant difference in estimated blood loss and length of stay between the fifth cohort and the others due to one patient’s poor outcome. Conclusions: The single-port laparoscopic right hemicolectomy learning curve for surgeons already skilled in laparoscopy is short. There are few differences in various outcome measures among groups at any stage in the learning curve. The skills utilized to perform conventional laparoscopic colorectal surgery readily translate to the single-port approach and result in proficiency from nearly the start.

Clinical Research of Transumbilical Singleport Laparoscopic Treatment For Pediatric Intussusception

Objective:To explore the feasibility and clinical efficacy of single port laparoscopic surgery through the umbilical cord for the treatment of pediatric intussusception.Method:Clinical data of 38 cases of pediatric intussusception treated with umbilical single port laparoscopic surgery from December 2017 to June 2019 were collected.The surgical method involves placing Trocar through the umbilical incision to establish pneumoperitoneum,inserting a single hole with a 0°laparoscopic operating channel,exploring intussusception,and performing non-invasive forceps to completely reduce it.After the reduction of intussusception,if intestinal malformation is found,the umbilical incision can be expanded to lift the diseased intestinal tract out of the abdominal cavity for resection.At the same time,clinical data of 24 children who underwent traditional porous laparoscopic intussusception surgery during the same period were collected,and the surgical time,intraoperative blood loss,postoperative hospital stay,and satisfaction score of incision aesthetics were compared between the two groups of children.Result:Both groups of patients successfully completed the surgery,and compared with the porous laparoscopic group,the single hole laparoscopic group had a shorter surgical time[(32.4±8.6)minutes vs.(40.6±9.8)minutes,P<0.05],decreased bleeding volume[(5.5±1.5)mL vs.(8.6±2.2)mL,P<0.05],significantly shortened postoperative hospital stay[(4.6±1.2)d vs.(6.2±1.4)d,P<0.05],and significantly increased satisfaction score with incision aesthetics[(4.2±0.8)points vs.(3.2±0.7)points,P<0.05].Follow up for 6 months to 2 years showed no recurrence of intussusception.Conclusion:Transumbilical single port laparoscopic surgery is a safe and effective method for children with intussusception,which is characterized by small trauma,fast recovery,short operation time,and better aesthetic effect.

腹壁穿刺针辅助经脐单部位腹腔镜小儿阑尾切除术的临床观察

目的:探讨腹壁穿刺针辅助经脐单部位腹腔镜小儿阑尾切除术的临床疗效。方法:回顾分析2021年6月至2023年6月收治的120例早期阑尾炎患儿的临床资料,将患儿分为两组,每组60例,观察组采用腹壁穿刺针辅助经脐单部位腹腔镜阑尾切除术,对照组行三孔法传统腹腔镜阑尾切除术,比较两组手术疗效。结果:两组手术均获成功。观察组与对照组手术时间[(30.7±6.2)min vs.(29.9±6.3)min]、术中出血量[(5.8±2.4)mL vs.(5.8±2.0)mL]、住院费用[(10734.5±1243.6)元vs.(10659.4±1155.3)元]差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组与对照组住院时间[(5.2±1.4)d vs.(6.0±1.3)d]、切口美观评分[(9.0±0.6)vs.(8.1±1.0)]差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。两组均无切口感染、切口疝、粘连性肠梗阻、盆腔脓肿等并发症发生。结论:腹壁穿刺针辅助经脐单部位腹腔镜阑尾切除术治疗小儿早期阑尾炎具有安全、创伤小、康复快、瘢痕隐蔽、美观等优点,值得临床推广应用。

经阴道自然腔道内镜手术与经脐单孔腹腔镜手术治疗输卵管妊娠的临床对比分析

目的:研究经阴道自然腔道内镜手术(V-NOTES)与经脐单孔腹腔镜手术(TU-LESS)治疗输卵管妊娠的安全性与可行性。方法:回顾分析2018年7月25日至2022年3月25日为输卵管妊娠患者行输卵管切除术的临床资料,根据手术方式分为V-NOTES组与TU-LESS组,每组30例。对比分析两组手术成功率、手术时间、失血量、术后排气时间、术后疼痛、住院时间等临床指标。结果:两组均顺利完成输卵管切除术。两组手术时间、手术失血量差异无统计学意义,V-NOTES组术后肛门排气更早,疼痛评分更低,住院时间更短,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:V-NOTES与TU-LESS行输卵管切除术均安全、可行,手术效果良好,术后并发症少;V-NOTES在术后排气时间、疼痛、住院时间方面具有优势,可促进术后快速康复。

经脐单孔腹腔镜下开窗引流术治疗肝囊肿12例临床体会

目的探讨经脐单孔腹腔镜下开窗引流术治疗先天性肝囊肿的安全性及可行性。方法回顾性分析2009年10月～2011年5月该院12例先天性肝囊肿的患者经脐单孔腹腔镜下开窗引流术治疗的临床资料。结果 12例患者手术均获成功,手术平均时间38.7min(28～65min),术后平均住院时间2.2d,术后随访2～10个月,平均5个月,无复发病例。结论经脐单孔腹腔镜下开窗引流术治疗先天性肝囊肿,手术操作略显困难,但安全可行,腹壁几乎无可见瘢痕,患者创伤小,住院时间短。

经脐单孔腹腔镜保胆取石术16例应用体会

目的探讨经脐单孔腹腔镜保胆取石术治疗胆囊结石的可行性及应用价值。方法2011年3月-2013年3月施行16例经脐单孔腹腔镜保胆取石术，常规腹腔镜术前准备，采用经脐三通道套管置入腹腔镜、可弯曲电钩及抓钳，胆囊底体部少血管区切开，取净结石后间断8字缝合胆囊。结果16例手术均成功完成，无结石残留。手术时间60—160min，（85．4±28．4）min；术后不放置腹腔引流管。术后12h进流食，排气后正常进食，术后2～4d出院。1例术后有轻微胆漏，表现为右上腹肋缘下及右中腹轻微疼痛，止痛对症治疗2d后症状消失，1个月后复查无腹腔积液。无副损伤发生。16例随访2～24个月（中位随访时间15．5月），无结石复发，无切口感染、脐疝、腹腔积液等并发症发生。结论经脐单孔腹腔镜保胆取石术安全有效，美容效果更佳，适用于对美容要求较高、有保胆意愿的患者，但手术操作难度较大。

经脐单孔+1孔腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术的可行性研究

目的:探讨经脐单孔+1孔腹腔镜(single-incision plus one-port laparoscopic surgery,SILS+1)结直肠癌根治术的安全性及可行性。方法:回顾性分析2017年10月至2019年11月赣南医学院第一附属医院收治的8例进行经脐SILS+1结直肠癌根治术患者的临床资料。结果:8例结直肠癌患者手术均顺利完成,无中转开腹及增加戳卡孔数量,手术平均时间107(95~124)min,平均出血33(10~80)mL,2例患者出现术后发热,考虑术后吸收热可能,术后第3天自行退热,其余患者术后无明显外科并发症,术后1~3天胃肠道功能恢复,3~5天拔出腹腔引流管,术后住院时间约9.3(7~11)天。术后病理再次证实为结直肠腺癌,淋巴结检出平均数目为13.6(11~16)枚,均无围手术期严重并发症及死亡的发生。术后随访3~24个月,平均10个月,未发现肿瘤局部复发、腹壁戳孔切口种植转移。结论:经脐SILS+1结直肠癌根治术安全可行,创伤小,美容效果令人满意,但远期疗效有待进一步观察。

经脐单孔腹腔镜手术2000例报告

目的：探讨经脐单孔腹腔镜手术的可行性、局限性及技术难点。方法：回顾性收集分析2 000例经脐单孔腹腔镜手术的临床资料,手术种类有：腹腔镜胆囊切除术、阑尾切除术、小儿腹股沟疝高位结扎术、肝囊肿开窗引流术、精索静脉高位结扎术、卵巢囊肿切除术、腹腔镜探查异位妊娠手术、盆腔粘连松解、多脏器联合手术等。摸索改进经脐单孔手术的操作技巧,腔内打结及并发症预防措施。手术均取经脐入路,建立CO2气腹,气腹压力维持在12~14 mm Hg（成人）,小儿可选择3~6 mm Hg。如上腹部手术,进镜Trocar选择在脐下缘,下腹部手术选择在脐上缘,阑尾手术可选择在脐上缘偏左。取出标本后,脐部切口对合整形,纱布做成锥形压脐部切口,创可贴粘合。结果：本组1 997例经脐单孔手术完成,3例因急性期粘连严重改为三孔法腹腔镜手术。手术时间7~60 min,一般约20 min。25例放置腹腔引流管,2~3 d拔管。术后3~5 d出院,无并发症发生。腹壁切口隐蔽,达到良好的美容效果。结论：开展经脐单孔腹腔镜手术必须有三孔法腹腔镜手术的基础,初期有一定难度、手术操作局限性及手术风险,随着病例的增多,不断总结经验,提高手术技巧,可达到更加微创与更好的腹部美容效果。

经脐单孔腹腔镜阑尾切除术92例临床分析

目的:探讨经脐单孔腹腔镜阑尾切除术(laparoscopic appendectomy,LA)治疗阑尾炎的疗效及手术价值。方法:回顾分析2013年5月至2015年4月92例经脐单孔LA患者的临床资料。术中使用常规腹腔镜器械完成手术,无特殊器械。结果:92例患者中83例成功施行单孔LA,成功率90.2%。术中出血量10～34 ml,平均(15.26±5.36)ml;术后排气时间8～28 h,平均(14.12±2.46)h;住院2～7 d,平均(3.0±1.81)d,92例均治愈出院。术后病理证实急性单纯性阑尾炎47例、慢性阑尾炎16例、化脓性阑尾炎20例、坏疽性阑尾炎9例。83例随访3～12个月,均无严重并发症发生。结论:经脐单孔LA对器械要求不高,可在基层医院开展,并以腹部切口少、美观、术后康复快等特点逐渐被患者尤其年轻女性患者所接受,能较好地避免开腹手术切口感染、不愈合等并发症。

经脐单孔多通道腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术的初步体会

目的:探讨经脐单孔多通道腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术的初步应用体会。方法:2009年8月为1例右输尿管上段结石患者施行经脐单孔多通道腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术。结果:手术顺利完成,手术时间102min,术中出血50ml,未增加另外的手术通道,术后3d出院。结论:经脐单孔多通道腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术安全、有效,术后无明显手术瘢痕,美容效果好,临床应用前景良好。

经脐单孔腹腔镜直肠癌根治术

目的：探讨用常规腹腔镜器械行单孔腹腔镜直肠癌根治术的安全性及可行性。方法：回顾分析2009年12月至2010年2月为7例患者行经脐单孔腹腔镜直肠癌根治术的临床资料,其中Dixon术3例,Hartmann手术2例,Miles术2例。结果：所有手术均获成功,无中转多孔腹腔镜手术或开腹手术,手术时间150~180min,平均167min,术中出血20~80ml,平均44ml,术后肠功能恢复时间2~3d,平均2.3d,术后住院3~6d,平均4.8d,随访3个月至今,患者生活质量好。结论：经脐单孔腹腔镜直肠癌根治术安全、可行,且疗效显著。

经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术20例报告

目的:探讨经脐单孔腹腔镜手术的应用价值。方法:回顾分析2010年7月至2011年1月为20例患者行经脐单孔腹腔镜手术的临床资料。结果:18例行胆囊切除术,2例同时切除胆囊及阑尾,手术均获成功,无中转开腹或常规腹腔镜手术,手术时间15～70min,术中出血少,均未放置引流管,无并发症发生,术后2～4d出院。随访1个月腹部瘢痕不明显。结论:经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊及阑尾切除术安全可行,比常规腹腔镜手术更微创,具有患者疼痛轻、腹壁瘢痕不明显等优点。但手术操作相对困难,对术者技术水平要求高,可在有条件的医院选择适合病例开展。

经脐单孔腹腔镜手术治疗儿童腹股沟斜疝的临床研究

目的：探讨经脐单孔腹腔镜手术治疗儿童腹股沟斜疝的应用价值。方法：采用脐部单孔腹腔镜手术治疗腹股沟斜疝患儿27例,其中单侧23例,双侧4例,均行内环口环形缝扎术。结果：单侧腹股沟斜疝手术时间平均（33.13±5.44）m in,双侧手术时间平均（52.25±1.71）m in,术后平均住院（3.52±1.09）d,无阴囊积液、血肿、感染等并发症发生,术后随访3~24个月,无明显不适及复发病例。结论：脐部单孔腹腔镜手术治疗儿童腹股沟斜疝疗效肯定,安全,操作简便,值得推广。

悬吊式免气腹经脐单孔腹腔镜阑尾切除术的临床分析

目的：探讨悬吊式免气腹经脐单孔腹腔镜阑尾切除术的可行性及临床应用价值。方法：回顾分析2013年8月至2014年5月为20例患者行悬吊式免气腹经脐单孔腹腔镜阑尾切除术的临床资料,术中使用骨科牵引弓、克氏针自制腹壁悬吊装置及普通腹腔镜操作器械完成手术。结果：手术均获成功,无中转常规腹腔镜手术及开腹手术,手术过程顺利,手术时间40~70 min,平均（54.0±1.7）min;无腹腔、脐部切口感染,平均住院（6.0±1.2）d,患者均顺利出院。结论：悬吊式免气腹经脐单孔腹腔镜阑尾切除术具有微创及美容的优势,使用普通腹腔镜操作器械也可完成手术,具有临床推广价值。