Arithmetic Operations of Generalized Trapezoidal Picture Fuzzy Numbers by Vertex Method

In this article, we define the arithmetic operations of generalized trapezoidal picture fuzzy numbers by vertex method which is assembled on a combination of the (α, γ, β)-cut concept and standard interval analysis. Various related properties are explored. Finally, some computations of picture fuzzy functions over generalized picture fuzzy variables are illustrated by using our proposed technique.

New methods to remove baseline drift in trapezoidal pulse shaping

Trapezoidal pulse shaping algorithm is widely applied to improve signal-to-noise ratio(SNR), throughput and energy resolution with the properties of noise suppression, pile-up pulse separation and ballistic deficit correction. The algorithm can be acquired by z transform method which is easier for derivation. However, the baseline drift of trapezoidal pulse appears because the noise superimposes on the input signal. In this paper,two new methods based on convergence analysis and noise suppression are proposed to remove the baseline drift resulting from trapezoidal pulse shaping. Simulations and experimental tests are carried out to verify the methods. The results demonstrate that the proposed methods can remove baseline drift in trapezoidal pulse shaping.

Modeling of Coupled Heat and Mass Transfer in a Trapezoidal Porous Bed on a Grid

We investigate heat and mass transfer in an isosceles trapezoidal cavity, filled with charcoal considered as a granular porous medium. The Darcy-Brinkman-Forchheimer flow model is coupled to the energy and mass equations with the assumption of non-thermal equilibrium. These equations are discretized by the finite volume method with an offset mesh and then solved by the line-by-line method of Thomas. The coupling between pressure and velocity is obtained by Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure Linked Equations. (SIMPLE) algorithm. The results show that the temperature in the cavity increases when the inclination angle of the sides walls decreases. The 15° inclination is selected as being able to offer better thermal performance in the cookstove combustion chamber.

基于量测和热平衡方程的输电线路温度分段实时估计

输电线路温度是评价线路输送能力的重要指标,可作为线路动态增容的依据,指导电网的实时调度决策。基于量测量和热平衡方程,文中提出一种输电线路温度实时估计模型,将线路温度作为状态量,引入线路动态热平衡方程作为伪量测量。将热平衡方程离散化处理,进而利用交替解法和联立解法求解微分-代数方程组。考虑到长输电线路沿线气象条件的复杂性,将线路分段后引入虚拟节点,利用二端口网络方程计算虚拟节点的量测量,提出一种更为精细化的线路温度分段估计方法。采用改进的IEEE 5节点、IEEE 39节点算例以及实际线路验证了所提算法的有效性。结果表明,所提算法能够适应多种运行场景,实现线路温度的快速准确估计;考虑线路分段后,所提算法能够准确估计各段线路的实时温度轨迹,实用性强。

基于逆有限元法的结构位移与应变场反演方法

舰船梯形结构作为封盖船体或将其分隔成层的平面板状结构,对于保证船体强度及不沉性具有重要作用。梯形结构受力不均匀会产生巨大拉扯力,易造成梯形结构变形与疲劳应力集中。基于此,本文提出研究一种基于逆有限元法(iFEM)和光纤应变感知的舰船梯形结构位移与应变场反演方法,并给出了相应光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)传感器布局形式。利用Ansys有限元分析方法,开展了基于仿真结果的相关反演方法验证。在此基础上,构建了基于光纤传感器的梯形结构位移、应变分布监测与反演实验系统。研究表明,双端固支梯形结构的位移重构均方根误差(RMSE)为0.076,应变场重构平均相对误差为6.59%。本文所提方法突破了iFEM因形函数阶次低而无法直接求解结构应变场的难题,能够为舰船梯形结构健康监测与舰载武器基座位姿精度提升提供技术支撑。

基于梯形分块法的截面分析方法研究

根据梯形分块法原理,将截面离散为梯形块,可通过迭代计算求解出截面受压区域,基于《混凝土结构设计规范:GB50010—2010》[1]中的偏心受压及偏心受拉承载力计算公式形成了钢筋混凝土构件截面分析计算方法。该方法适用于任意形状任意配筋钢筋混凝土截面计算,迭代计算稳定准确,能够得到完整的轴力-弯矩曲线,对于评价截面承载能力和受力性能有重要意义。与纤维截面模型相比,梯形分块法对分块的尺寸没有限制,具有很高建模计算效率及计算稳定性,并且可灵活结合文献[1]计算公式。将梯形分块法计算结果与纤维截面模型结果对比,二者基本吻合,证明了梯形分块法计算结果的可靠性。

弦截法在梯形渠道临界水深计算中的应用研究

梯形渠道临界水深是常规渠道水力计算的重要参数之一,其求解方程为高次隐函数,直接求解非常困难。传统计算方法一般采用引入中间变量的简化或近似公式进行计算,大多存在精度不高、适用范围受限、初始值区间设置模糊等问题。为解决梯形断面临界水深难以直接求解难题,提出一种精度较高且无需求导的临界水深计算方法。通过对梯形渠道临界水深求解方程进行数学变换,基于弦截法构造了临界水深的迭代求解方程,用以快速求解。建立快速收敛的临界水深迭代公式,从数学上严格证明迭代方程的合理初始值区间,通过工程实例验证计算结果,并与现有相关计算方法进行精度对比分析。研究显示,基于弦截法计算梯形渠道临界水深思路简单,相对精度可达10-8以上或任意所需的计算精度,可供工程实践参考应用。

刀具槽型参数对切屑流向的影响及响应面分析

为更好地控制切屑,通过ABAQUS建立了梯形断屑槽的切削有限元仿真模型,研究了梯形断屑槽参数中刀尖处最小槽间距、反屑面角、断屑槽斜角对切屑流向的影响,并通过响应面法分析并拟合出切屑流向与这三个影响因子的二次多项式响应模型。结果表明:断屑槽槽间距越小,反屑面角、断屑槽斜角对切屑流向的影响越大,且断屑槽斜角对切屑流向的影响最大,反屑面角次之。通过响应面法建立的二次多项式数学模型能够描述刀尖处的最小槽间距、反屑面角、断屑槽斜角对切屑流向的影响规律,并且可以在一定范围内进行预测。

运动梯形板的自由振动

以往对运动二维结构动力学的研究局限于矩形板,且运动效应仅关注单一方向,故研究了梯形板固有振动的运动效应,分别考察了两个方向上的运动速度对固有振动的影响。从Minldin板理论出发,将预应力统一到系统势能,应用虚功原理建立了双向运动梯形板的控制方程,其中运动效应体现为科氏力项和离心力项。为应对控制方程在梯形边界情况下的求解挑战,采用8节点等参坐标变换技术将求解域映射为矩形,进而利用微分求积法将控制方程离散为代数方程组。数值结果以四边固支的边界条件为例,与ANSNYS结果对比证实了该方法的准确性。研究发现:运动效应对梯形板振动有削弱作用,且与速度方向密切相关;预应力与振动频率正相关,且与模态相关。

新型电力系统中高压感应电机起动过程不同算法的对比研究

电力行业碳排放是我国碳排放的主要组成部分,为实现“双碳”目标,建设低碳新型电力系统成为必然趋势。然而大量新能源导致电力系统过载能力低,大型感应电机起动可能导致设备脱网,对系统稳定带来不利影响。因此大型电机起动过程高效精确的计算对新型电力系统暂态时域仿真尤为重要。从精度、稳定性和仿真效率等角度对比研究了传统显式欧拉、隐式欧拉、隐式梯形、龙格库塔四种算法,其中隐式梯形法同时具备精确高效的优点,但采用大步长时易出现数值振荡问题。在此基础上,提出了一种改进梯形高效稳定算法,对传统隐式梯形法引入可变参数,并确定了使算法可靠收敛的参数最优区间。相比传统梯形法,该算法能够基本不增加计算复杂度的同时有效解决数值振荡问题。以一台600 kW电机起动为例,验证了采用改进算法没有数值振荡问题,表明改进梯形法的有效性和可行性,为低碳新型电力系统高效仿真算法的选择提供参考。

Finite Element Analysis of Magnetohydrodynamic Mixed Convection in a Lid-Driven Trapezoidal Enclosure Having Heated Triangular Block

A numerical research on magnetohydrodynamic mixed convection flow in a lid-driven trapezoidal enclosure at non-uniform heating of bottom wall has been studied numerically. The enclosure consists of insulated top wall and cold side walls, too. It also contains a heated triangular block (Rot = 0° - 90°) located somewhere inside the enclosure. The boundary top wall of the enclosure is moving through uniform speed U0. The geometry of the model has been represented mathematically by coupled governing equations in accordance with proper boundary conditions and then a two-dimensional Galerkin finite element based numerical approach has been adopted to solve this paper. The numerical computations have been carried out for the wide range of parameters Prandtl number (0.5 ≤ Pr ≤ 2), Reynolds number (60 ≤ Re ≤ 120), Rayleigh number (Ra = 103) and Hartmann number (Ha = 20) taking with different rotations of heated triangular block. The results have been shown in the form of streamlines, temperature patterns or isotherms, average Nusselt number and average bulk temperature of the fluid in the enclosure at non-uniform heating of bottom wall. It is also indicated that both the streamlines, isotherm patterns strongly depend on the aforesaid governing parameters and location of the triangular block but the thermal conductivity of the triangular block has a noteworthy role on the isotherm pattern lines. Moreover, the variation of Nuav of hot bottom wall and θav in the enclosure is demonstrated here to show the characteristics of heat transfer in the enclosure.

Ranking Method for Complementary Judgment Matrixes with Fuzzy Numbers Based on Hausdorff Metric Distance

A method for ranking complementary judgment matrixes with traspezoidal fuzzy numbers based on Hausdorff metric distance and fuzzy compromise decision approach is proposed. With regard to fuzzy number complementary judgment matrixes given by a decider group whose members have various weights, the expert＇s information was aggregated first by means of simple weight average（SWA） method and Bonissone calculational method. Hence a matrix including all the experts＇ preference information was got. Then the matrix＇ column members were added up and the fuzzy evaluation values of the alternatives were got. Lastly, the Hausdorff metric distance and fuzzy compromise decision approach were used to rank the fuzzy evaluation values and then the ranking values of all the alternatives were got. Because exact numbers and triangular fuzzy numbers could all be transformed into trapezoidal fuzzy numbers, the method developed can rank complementary judgment matrixes with trapezoidal fuzzy numbers, triangular fuzzy numbers and exact numbers as well. An illustrative example is also given to verify the developed method and to demonstrate its feasibility and practicality.

Meshless Method for Analysis of Permeable Breakwaters in the Proximity of A Vertical Wall

In the present work, the improved version of the meshless singular boundary method(ISBM) is developed for analyzing the performance of bottom standing submerged permeable breakwaters in regular normally incident waves and in the proximity of a vertical wall. Both single and dual prismatic breakwaters of rectangular and trapezoidal forms are examined. The physical problem is cast in terms of the Laplace equation governing an irrotational flow and incompressible fluid motion with appropriate mixed type boundary conditions, and solved numerically using the ISBM. To model the permeability of the breakwaters fully absorbing boundary conditions are assumed. Numerical results are presented in terms of hydrodynamic quantities of the reflection coefficients. These are firstly validated against the results of a multi-domain boundary element method(BEM) developed independently for a previous study. The agreement between the results of the two methods is excellent. The coefficients of reflection are then computed and discussed for a variety of structural conditions including the breakwaters height, width, spacing, and absorbing permeability. Effects of the proximity of the vertical plane wall are also investigated. The breakwater's width is found to have only marginal effects compared with its height. Permeability tends to decrease the minimum reflections. These coefficients show periodic variations with the spacing relative to the wavelength. Trapezoidal breakwaters are found to be more cost-effective than the rectangular breakwaters. Dual breakwater systems are confirmed to perform much better than single structures.

Performance Evaluation of Bottom-Standing Submerged Breakwaters in Regular Waves Using the Meshless Singular Boundary Method

In this paper, the improved version of the meshless singular boundary method (ISBM) is developed for analyzing the hydrodynamic performance of bottom-standing submerged breakwaters in regular normally incident waves. Both the single and dual prismatic breakwaters of rectangular and trapezoidal forms are examined. Only the impermeable breakwaters are considered in this study. The physical problem is cast in terms of the Laplace equation governing an irrotational flow and incompressible fluid motion with the appropriate mixed-type boundary conditions, and it is solved numerically using the ISBM. The numerical results are presented in terms of the hydrodynamic quantities of reflection and transmission coefficients. The values are first validated against the data of previous studies, computed, and discussed for a variety of structural conditions, including the height, width, and spacing of breakwater submergence. An excellent agreement is observed between the ISBM results and those of other methods. The breakwater width is found to feature marginal effects compared with the height. The present method is shown to accurately predict the resonant conditions at which the maximum reflection and transmission occur. The trapezoidal breakwaters are found to generally present a wide spectrum of reflections, suggesting that they would function better than the rectangular breakwaters. The dual breakwater systems are confirmed to perform much better than single structures.

斜裂缝梁的振动特性分析

基于弹性力学平面应力理论,采用Chebyshev-Ritz法分析斜裂缝梁的振动特性。首先将斜裂缝梁划分成3个子域,再通过坐标变换将划分后的梯形子域等效转换为矩形子域,分别建立各子域的振动特征方程,根据各子域界面交界处的位移连续性得到整个梁的振动特征方程,利用Chebyshev-Ritz法求得具有高收敛性的解,通过实际算例与有限元分析结果、文献试验及理论结果进行对比,验证了该理论方法的精确性;通过参数分析研究了斜裂缝的倾斜角度和位置对结构振动特性的影响。研究结果表明,斜裂缝倾斜角度的增大将导致梁自振频率变大,振型的变化也更明显,斜裂缝位于跨中时对振型影响较大。

宽浅式梯形渠道流速分布规律及流量计算方法研究

为研究宽浅式梯形明渠流速分布规律,简化渠道流量测量过程、提高测流精度、促进灌区工作效率提升,利用声学多普勒剖面流速仪进行流速、流量、断面面积的测定;通过正交距离回归算法对相对流速和相对水深与二次抛物线函数拟合,得到垂向流速分布规律,根据横向流速分布规律结合测量数据,利用线性拟合分析得到横向流速分布影响系数,最终通过待定系数法得到断面平均流速与中垂线表面流速的系数值。结果表明:测点实际流速与平均流速之比作为相对流速,拟合得到的宽浅式梯形渠道断面流速分布规律R2均在0.937以上,拥有较好的相关性;宽浅式梯形渠道测线平均流速横向流速分布符合乘幂函数分布形式,并对横向流速流速分布公式进行流速验证,在横向相对位置0.2<(B-2 d)/B<1区间内误差均小于5%;推导出了宽浅式梯形渠道中垂线表面流速与断面平均流速关系,对AB两地宽浅式梯形渠道干渠进行断面流量验证,实测流量与计算流量的误差小于5%,符合量水规范的要求,可实际用于灌区量水。

基于GPU的二维梯形空腔流的格子Boltzmann模拟与分析

采用格子Boltzmann方法模拟上下壁面驱动的二维梯形空腔流,并使用GPU-CUDA程序进行加速计算.主要采用本征正交分解方法,分析了4种壁面驱动条件的流场模态,并探究了雷诺数和驱动速度方向对流场形态的影响.结果表明:1)当上壁面单驱动(T1a)时,若雷诺数为1000—8000,流场处于稳态流动;雷诺数为8500时,流场处于周期性非稳态流动;雷诺数大于10000时,流场处于非周期非稳态流动.2)当下壁面单驱动(T1b)时,若雷诺数在1000—8000之间,流场处于稳态流动;雷诺数增大至11500时,流场处于周期性非稳态流动;雷诺数大于12500时,流场进入非周期非稳态流动.3)当上下壁面同方向同速度双驱动(T2a)时,若雷诺数在1000—10000区间,流场均为稳态流动;雷诺数为12500—15000时,流场处于周期性非稳态流动;当雷诺数大于20000时,流场为非周期非稳态流动.4)当上下壁面反方向同速度双驱动(T2b)时,若雷诺数在1000—5000之间,流场处于稳态流动;雷诺数为6000时,流场处于周期性非稳态流动;雷诺数大于8000时,流场为非周期非稳态流动.

基于变电容加速度计的桥梁挠度监测实验平台设计

随着各类桥梁的广泛建成与应用,通过挠度测量实现其健康监测具有重要意义。当前结构健康监测系统中常用的挠度监测方法存在测量麻烦、实时性差、高成本、精度低、无法测量动挠度等问题。为避免这些问题,该文研究了基于变电容式加速度计的桥梁挠度测量方法,并搭建了一套简易的桥梁挠度监测实验平台。该方法利用低通滤波结合最小二乘拟合算法,还原了由加速度积分后所得的挠度。仿真与模型实验结果表明,基于变电容加速度计的挠度监测方法能够快速、精确地测量桥梁挠度,且具有成本低、体积小、实时性高的优势。

基于改进模糊层次分析法通信无人机机场选址

针对机动式辅助通信无人机机场选址评估的实际问题,结合我国地震、暴雨暴雪、台风、洪涝等可能需求通信保障自然灾害的分布情况,提出建立机动式辅助通信无人机机场选址评估体系。针对传统模糊层次分析法存在的问题,采用构造多重模糊判断矩阵、准则层所权重的一致性处理、梯形分布函数归一法等改进措施加以克服。评估结果表明,该方法具有可行性和有效性。

基于熵权梯形白化权函数的江苏省科技资源配置效率评价

选取专利申请受理量、教育、软件和信息技术服务业、科学研究和技术服务业、科学研究人员、工程技术人员6大指标,采用熵权法确定各指标权重,构建熵权梯形白化权函数灰色聚类分析模型对江苏省2020年科技资源配置效率进行评价。苏南地区80%的城市科技资源配置能力都达到“优”和“良”灰类;苏北地区87.5%的城市科技资源配置能力仍处于“中”和“差”灰类;江苏省科技资源配置效率存在较大差异,苏南地区科技资源配置能力较强,而苏北地区科技资源配置能力较弱。