A Generalized Array Factor for Time-Modulated Hexagonal Based Antenna Array Geometry With Novel Trapezoidal

The concept of the time-modulated array has been emerging as an alternative to the complex phase shifters,which lowers the cost of the array feeding network due to the utilization of radio frequency(RF)switches.The various forms of hexagonal antenna array geometries can be used for applications like surveillance tracking in phased array radar and wireless communication systems.This work proposes the generalized array factor(AF)for the hexagonal antenna array geometry based on time modulation.The time modulation in generalized hexagonal geometry can maintain the fixed static amplitude excitation,giving more flexibility over time.Furthermore,a novel trapezoidal switching function is also proposed and applied to the generalized array factor to enable future researchers to use this array factor in the field of advancement to observe how switching schemes like trapezoidal and rectangular affect the array pattern's side lobe level(SLL).The generalized equation can be utilized for the analysis and synthesis of radiation characteristics of the time-modulated hexagonal array(TMHA),time-modulated concentric hexagonal array(TMCHA),time-modulated hexagonal cylindrical array(TMHCA),and time-modulated hexagonal concentric cylindrical array(TMHCCA).The numerical result illustrates the generation of AF of time-modulated hexagonal structures and also shows that the trapezoidal switching sequence outperforms the rectangular switch using the cat swarm optimization(CSO)approach.

Study of a Hydraulic Jump in an Asymmetric Trapezoidal Channel with Different Sluice Gates

In this study,the main properties of the hydraulic jump in an asymmetric trapezoidal flume are analyzed experimentally,including the so-called sequent depths,characteristic lengths,and efficiency.In particular,an asymmetric trapezoidal flume with a length of 7 m and a width of 0.304 m is considered,with the bottom of the flume transversely inclined at an angle of m=0.296 and vertical lateral sides.The corresponding inflow Froude number is allowed to range in the interval(1.40<F1<6.11).The properties of this jump are compared to those of hydraulic jumps in channels with other types of cross-sections.A relationship for calculating hydraulic jump efficiency is proposed for the considered flume.For F1>5,the hydraulic jump is found to be more effective than that occurring in triangular and symmetric trapezoidal channels.Also,when■mes>8 and■>5,the hydraulic jump in the asymmetrical trapezoidal channel downstream of a parallelogram sluice gate is completely formed as opposed to the situation where a triangular sluice is considered.

Sliding behaviors of the trapezoidal roof rock block under a lateral dynamic disturbance

The surrounding rock of underground space is always affected by external dynamic disturbance from the side position,such as blasting vibration from a stope at the same level or seismic waves from adjacent strata.A series of laboratory tests,numerical simulations and theoretical analyses were carried out in this study to disclose the sliding mechanism of roof rock blocks under lateral disturbance.Firstly,the experiments on trapezoidal key block under various clamping loads and disturbance were conducted,followed by numerical simulations using the fast Lagrangian analysis of continua(FLAC3D).Then,based on the conventional wave propagation model and the classical shear-slip constitutive model,a theoretical model was proposed to capture the relative displacement between blocks and the sliding displacement of the key block.The results indicate that the sliding displacement of the key block increased linearly with the disturbance energy and decreased exponentially with the clamping load when the key block was disturbed to slide(without instability).Meanwhile,when the key block was disturbed to fall,two types of instability process may appear as immediate type or delayed type.In addition,the propagation of stress waves in the block system exhibited obvious low-velocity and lowfrequency characteristics,resulting in the friction reduction effect appearing at the contact interface,which is the essential reason for the sliding of rock blocks.The results can be applied to practical underground engineering and provide valuable guidance for the early detection and prevention of rockfalling disasters.

Effect of periodic heat transfer on the transient thermal behavior of a convective-radiative fully wet porous moving trapezoidal fin

A moving trapezoidal profiled convective-radiative porous longitudinal fin wetted in a single-phase fluid is considered in the current article.The periodic variation in the fin base temperature is taken into account along with the temperature sensitive thermal conductivity and convective heat transfer coefficients.The modeled problem,which is resolved into a non-linear partial differential equation(PDE),is made dimensionless and solved by employing the finite difference method(FDM).The results are displayed through graphs and discussed.The effects of amplitude,frequency of oscillation,wet nature,Peclet number,and other relevant quantities on the distribution of temperature through the fin length and with the dimensionless time are investigated.It is deciphered that the periodic heat transfer gives rise to the wavy nature of the fin thermal profile against time.The analysis is beneficial in the design of fin structures for applications like solar collectors,space/airborne applications,and refrigeration industries.

Text Sentiment Analysis Based on Multi-Layer Bi-Directional LSTM with a Trapezoidal Structure

Sentiment analysis,commonly called opinion mining or emotion artificial intelligence(AI),employs biometrics,computational linguistics,nat-ural language processing,and text analysis to systematically identify,extract,measure,and investigate affective states and subjective data.Sentiment analy-sis algorithms include emotion lexicon,traditional machine learning,and deep learning.In the text sentiment analysis algorithm based on a neural network,multi-layer Bi-directional long short-term memory(LSTM)is widely used,but the parameter amount of this model is too huge.Hence,this paper proposes a Bi-directional LSTM with a trapezoidal structure model.The design of the trapezoidal structure is derived from classic neural networks,such as LeNet-5 and AlexNet.These classic models have trapezoidal-like structures,and these structures have achieved success in the field of deep learning.There are two benefits to using the Bi-directional LSTM with a trapezoidal structure.One is that compared with the single-layer configuration,using the of the multi-layer structure can better extract the high-dimensional features of the text.Another is that using the trapezoidal structure can reduce the model’s parameters.This paper introduces the Bi-directional LSTM with a trapezoidal structure model in detail and uses Stanford sentiment treebank 2(STS-2)for experiments.It can be seen from the experimental results that the trapezoidal structure model and the normal structure model have similar performances.However,the trapezoidal structure model parameters are 35.75%less than the normal structure model.

High frequency doubling efficiency THz GaAs Schottky barrier diode based on inverted trapezoidal epitaxial cross-section structure

A high-performance terahertz Schottky barrier diode(SBD)with an inverted trapezoidal epitaxial cross-sectional structure featuring high varactor characteristics and reverse breakdown characteristics is reported in this paper.Inductively coupled plasma dry etching and dissolution wet etching are used to define the profile of the epitaxial layer,by which the voltage-dependent variation trend of the thickness of the metal-semiconductor contact depletion layer is modified.The simulation of the inverted trapezoidal epitaxial cross-section SBD is also conducted to explain the physical mechanism of the electric field and space charge region area.Compared with the normal structure,the grading coefficient M increases from 0.47 to 0.52,and the capacitance modulation ratio(C^(max)/C_(min))increases from 6.70 to 7.61.The inverted trapezoidal epitaxial cross-section structure is a promising approach to improve the variable-capacity ratio by eliminating the accumulation of charge at the Schottky electrode edge.A 190 GHz frequency doubler based on the inverted trapezoidal epitaxial cross-section SBD also shows a doubling efficiency of 35%compared to that 30%of a normal SBD.

Analysis of Friction and Heat Transfer Characteristics of Tubes with Trapezoidal Cut Twisted Tape Inserts

The thermo-hydraulic properties of circular tubes with a twisted tape inside(used accordingly to induce turbulence and enhance heat transfer through the tube wall)are described for Reynolds Numbers ranging from 830 to 1990.Tapes twisted with the three distinct twist ratios are considered,namely,6,4.4 and 3.Air is used as the working fluid in several tests.For the sake of comparison,the standard tube with no insert is also examined.It is shown that in the presence of the twisted tape,the‘frictional factor’,‘Nusselt Number’and the‘thermal performance factor’are much higher than those obtained for the plain tube.Moreover,the tapes having the lowest twist ratio,i.e.,3,are more effective than the others in terms of heat transfer augmentation.The‘thermal performance factor’is greater than one for all the twisted tapes used in the experiments,which confirms the enhanced performances of the heat exchanger and the related savings in terms of total energy.

Modeling of Coupled Heat and Mass Transfer in a Trapezoidal Porous Bed on a Grid

We investigate heat and mass transfer in an isosceles trapezoidal cavity, filled with charcoal considered as a granular porous medium. The Darcy-Brinkman-Forchheimer flow model is coupled to the energy and mass equations with the assumption of non-thermal equilibrium. These equations are discretized by the finite volume method with an offset mesh and then solved by the line-by-line method of Thomas. The coupling between pressure and velocity is obtained by Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure Linked Equations. (SIMPLE) algorithm. The results show that the temperature in the cavity increases when the inclination angle of the sides walls decreases. The 15° inclination is selected as being able to offer better thermal performance in the cookstove combustion chamber.

Arithmetic Operations of Generalized Trapezoidal Picture Fuzzy Numbers by Vertex Method

In this article, we define the arithmetic operations of generalized trapezoidal picture fuzzy numbers by vertex method which is assembled on a combination of the (α, γ, β)-cut concept and standard interval analysis. Various related properties are explored. Finally, some computations of picture fuzzy functions over generalized picture fuzzy variables are illustrated by using our proposed technique.

梯形透明角膜切口在晶状体超声乳化术患者治疗中的临床效果

目的探讨梯形透明角膜切口在晶状体超声乳化术患者治疗中的临床效果。方法选取行晶状体超声乳化术的患者57例(68眼)作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将患者分为常规切口组和梯形切口组。常规切口组28例(34眼),男15眼,女19眼,年龄41~82(65.0±10.1)岁;梯形切口组29例(34眼),男21眼,女13眼,年龄46~87(66.0±11.1)岁。两组患者均接受白内障超声乳化吸出联合人工晶状体植入术,常规切口组采用3.0 mm透明角膜切口,梯形切口组为改进的梯形透明角膜切口。比较两组患者术后裸眼视力、眼压及角膜散光度以及术中及术后并发症发生情况。结果术后1周及3个月梯形切口组患者裸眼视力均优于常规切口组,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05);术后1周、1个月及3个月两组患者眼压及角膜散光度差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。术中常规切口组患者出现前房塌陷的眼数以及需要水密切口的眼数均大于梯形切口组,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05);术后常规切口组患者出现切口水肿、切口哆开的眼数均大于梯形切口组,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。术中常规切口组因前房变浅出现人工晶状体移位18眼,水密切口前房形成后人工晶状体位置正常;水密时2眼发生虹膜脱出切口嵌顿、3眼发生人工晶状体囊袋内旋转或囊口嵌顿。术中梯形切口组患者术毕3眼发生前房变浅,使用水密切口形成前房;无人工晶状体前囊口嵌顿、移位或虹膜脱出等情况。结论改良的梯形透明角膜切口可以在保证白内障患者术中前房稳定性的同时有效防止因术中前房塌陷而导致的人工晶状体移位,也能减少冲洗针头水密切口引起的相关并发症,使患者尽早恢复视力。

基于等腰梯形截面的多层单道有限元几何建模及合理性分析

提出了一种基于等腰梯形截面的WAAM多层单道有限元热力耦合仿真建模方法。首先,基于单层单道的等腰梯形函数模型,建立多层单道梯形函数模型。然后,通过对比多层单道的梯形函数模型和抛物线函数模型的几何偏差和散热性能指标,验证了多层单道梯形函数模型的合理性,并对多层单道沉积过程进行热力耦合仿真分析和对应的试验验证。仿真与试验结果表明,多层单道梯形函数模型的模拟结果与抛物线函数模型及试验结果均吻合较好,计算效率也得到一定的提高。

变权理论-梯形云模型融合的金属矿绿色开采评价研究

如何有效评价金属矿山绿色开采水平对于发展绿色矿业非常重要。针对目前金属矿绿色开采评价方法存在评价结果单一、忽略金属矿绿色开采指标数据的随机性和模糊性的问题,研究提出变权理论-梯形云模型融合的金属矿绿色开采评价方法。首先,构建金属矿绿色开采评价指标体系,综合使用组合赋权法和变权理论得到各项指标的变权权重;其次,利用梯形云模型计算每个指标在对应等级下的隶属度,并得出隶属度评价向量;最后,结合变权理论与梯形云模型并按最大隶属度原则实现对金属矿绿色开采情况的评价。此外,以某金属矿山为实例,计算并分析其评价结果。该实例表明此方法对金属矿绿色开采情况进行评价可行,可为金属矿绿色开采评价的问题提供参考。

基于模糊评判的无线传感器网络簇间数据转发算法

由于无线传感器网络在簇间数据转发过程中消耗能量较大、转发效率低,导致数据在转发过程中容易失效。为此,提出基于模糊评判的无线传感器网络簇间数据转发算法。建立无线传感器网络模型和通信模型,明确节点的运行方式和转发数据所消耗的能量,构建模糊综合评判模型,选取梯形隶属度函数计算传感器节点的相似度和活跃度,找出最佳转发节点,完成数据转发任务。仿真结果表明,所提算法的第一个节点死亡轮数和网络失效轮数最高为167和178,在仿真轮数达到1000轮时,该算法剩余的网络能量和节点平均能量分别为4 J和0.01 J,证明所提算法在数据转发过程中可消耗最少的能量,高效率地完成数据转发任务。

梯形正交加劲钢板剪力墙抗侧性能分析

提出了一种梯形正交加劲钢板剪力墙(TSW)结构,利用有限元软件ABAQUS创建了TSW模型,在验证了有限元建模方法的准确性后,进行了TSW与网格密肋钢板剪力墙(GSW)结构的非线性推覆对比和滞回性能对比分析,并对TSW进行参数分析。结果表明:在单调加载下的非线性推覆对比中,相较于GSW,TSW的初始刚度、峰值荷载和屈服荷载分别提升了9%、18%和26%;在水平往复荷载下的滞回性能对比中,相较于GSW,TSW的初始刚度、屈服荷载、峰值荷载和延性分别提高9%、26%、16%和5%。TSW对钢板剪力墙的面外变形的抑制效果大于GSW。内嵌钢板设置梯形加劲肋可以改善其过早发生整体屈曲。加劲肋厚度和加劲肋高度可以显著提高TSW的抗震性能,但加劲肋底边宽度对TSW的影响可以忽略不计。建议加劲肋厚度为6 mm、加劲肋高度不超过60 mm。

金属弧焊机器人加工轨迹智能规划研究

针对金属弧焊机器人加工轨迹运动规划精度低的问题,提出一种基于改进梯形速度规划算法的弧焊加工轨迹智能规划方法。该方法首先根据D-H法构建机器人的运动学模型,根据拉格朗日法构建机器人的动力学模型;然后应用加速度规划改进后的梯形速度规划算法进行运动规划;最后基于稳健控制的运动修正方法对初步运动规划结果进行修正。仿真实验结果表明:相比于梯形速度规划算法,改进的梯形速度规划算法具有更高的运动规划精度;基于稳健控制的运动修正方法的加入,使运动规划精度、抗干扰性都得到提升,且提高了机器人关节的使用寿命;该方法具有较好的弧焊加工轨迹智能规划性能,基本满足研究需求。

卷积型类高斯成形滤波算法研究及应用

高斯信号具有对称性和完备性,因此高斯滤波方法在核信号处理以及辐射能谱分析时得到大量使用。目前构造实时处理核脉冲信号的真高斯成形滤波器尚有难度,实际常用数字类高斯成形算法主要是基于模拟核电子学中Sallen-Key滤波器和CR-(RC)~n滤波器的电路微分方程推导而得到,其输出的类高斯脉冲信号对称性较差、单级使用时存在下冲等问题。本文提出一种卷积型类高斯成形滤波算法,它以梯形脉冲信号为基础,经过第一次卷积实现双极性脉冲成形,再次卷积进行累加求和从而得到左右对称的类高斯脉冲,利用Z变换方法推导出该算法的数字递推公式。通过仿真模拟研究了算法的有效性和成形参数对幅频特性的影响规律,成形参数n_a和n_c取值增大时,滤波器通频带减小,低频成分幅度相对增加,高频噪声抑制作用增强,但也导致成形脉冲变宽,增加了脉冲堆积概率。最后,利用搭建的X射线荧光测量系统实验平台获取实测核脉冲数据,分别应用类高斯成形算法和梯形成形算法进行离线处理,实验结果表明:该类高斯成形算法具有更好的堆积脉冲分离能力,在相同的X光管管压和管流条件下,设置相同的达峰时间,两者所得能谱的能量分辨率基本相当,但是类高斯成形的能谱具有更高的特征峰面积和总计数。

Micro LED车灯投影光学系统设计与优化

本文提出了一种基于Micro LED阵列的车灯投影方案,设计了以像素尺寸为80μm×80μm的200×150白光Micro LED阵列作为显示光源,视场角为16°×34°的车灯投影光学系统,并对物面倾斜角度和光学系统结构进行了优化。此外,分别采用反向畸变处理方法和像素灰度调制方法用以解决车灯投影图像的梯形畸变和照度均匀性问题,并搭建了投影实验平台,对图像校正方法进行了验证。实验结果表明:校正后图像梯形畸变系数p1,p2分别从0.0932和0.3680下降至0.0835和0.0373,像面照度均匀性从83.2%提高到93.2%。本文通过对基于Micro LED的倾斜投影车灯光学系统进行优化设计及采用图像校正方法,实现了高光效、低畸变的车灯投影。

考虑预制混凝土“设缝”作用的梯形渠道冻胀机制影响研究

寒区衬砌渠道输水能力下降主要是由常年冻融作用下衬砌结构发生冻胀破坏所致,针对渠道衬砌结构冻胀破坏问题提出渠坡板纵向设缝的抗冻措施与数值分析方法。本文通过将渠道衬砌板与冻土视为整体处理的方法构建混凝土衬砌渠道热力耦合冻胀模型,以甘肃省景泰灌区某混凝土衬砌渠道为研究对象,考虑不同设缝措施与纵缝填充的接触本构对3种工况进行抗冻影响因素分析。结果表明:渠底深部基本不受渠道整体几何边界的影响,但渠道边界尺寸和基土热流分布均对基土上部温度场变化具有显著影响。渠道阴坡、渠底和阳坡最大冻深分别为86.3、67.5、58.2 cm。通过合理设缝措施可使渠道阴坡法向冻胀力降低40.7%、底板冻胀量减小63.5%、切向冻胀力降低43.8%,使渠道断面冻胀分布趋于均匀,且模型分析与实测结果相符,表明本文构建模型的合理性。研究结果可为长距离输水渠道数值计算提供理论依据。

基于多矩形饼切函数的弹药毁伤效能评估方法

为了快速准确地评估弹药对目标的毁伤效能,提出了一种基于多矩形饼切函数的弹药毁伤效能评估方法。该方法采用梯形法则、分区等效的思想,可以较大程度地保留实际毁伤区域中毁伤概率值的分布规律,从而保证计算的准确度。通过算例分析,研究了弹药落角和投放精度对目标平均毁伤概率的影响,并与基于矩形饼切和卡尔顿毁伤函数方法的结果进行了比较。结果表明,在弹药落角范围为30°~75°及弹药投放精度(circular error probable,CEP)范围为5~50 m时,与矩形饼切毁伤函数相比,基于多矩形饼切毁伤函数的计算方法使毁伤效能计算精度最大提高了26.4%;同时,与卡尔顿毁伤函数相比,计算效率提高了518倍。

基于逆有限元法的结构位移与应变场反演方法

舰船梯形结构作为封盖船体或将其分隔成层的平面板状结构,对于保证船体强度及不沉性具有重要作用。梯形结构受力不均匀会产生巨大拉扯力,易造成梯形结构变形与疲劳应力集中。基于此,本文提出研究一种基于逆有限元法(iFEM)和光纤应变感知的舰船梯形结构位移与应变场反演方法,并给出了相应光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)传感器布局形式。利用Ansys有限元分析方法,开展了基于仿真结果的相关反演方法验证。在此基础上,构建了基于光纤传感器的梯形结构位移、应变分布监测与反演实验系统。研究表明,双端固支梯形结构的位移重构均方根误差(RMSE)为0.076,应变场重构平均相对误差为6.59%。本文所提方法突破了iFEM因形函数阶次低而无法直接求解结构应变场的难题,能够为舰船梯形结构健康监测与舰载武器基座位姿精度提升提供技术支撑。