Kriging Geostatistical Methods for Travel Mode Choice: A Spatial Data Analysis to Travel Demand Forecasting

This paper aims to compare the results of two techniques of Kriging (Ordinary Kriging and Indicator Kriging) that are applied to estimate the Private Motorized (PM) travel mode use (car or motorcycle) in several geographical coordinates of non-sampled values of the concerning variable. The data used was from the Origin/Destination and Public Transportation Opinion Survey, carried out in 2007/2008 at S?o Carlos (SP, Brazil). The techniques were applied in the region with 110 sample points (households). Initially, Decision Tree was applied to estimate the probability of mode choice in surveyed households, thus determining the numeric variable to be used in Ordinary Kriging. For application of Indicator Kriging it was used the variable “main travel mode” in a discrete manner, where “1” represented the use of PM travel mode and “0” characterized others travel modes. The results obtained by the two spatial estimation techniques were similar (Kriging maps and cross-validation procedure). However, the Indicator Kriging (KI) obtained the highest number of hit rates. In addition, with the KI it was possible to use the variable in its original form, avoiding error propagation. Finally, it was concluded that spatial statistics was thriving in travel demand forecasting issues, giving rise, for the both Kriging methods, to a travel mode choice surface on a confirmatory way.

Comparison of Travel Mode Choice Between Taxi and Subway Regarding Traveling Convenience

In this study, we investigate travel mode choice behavior between taxi and subway with an emphasis on the influence of traveling convenience. In the first stage, we examine the Origin-Destination(OD) points of Beijing taxi trips and compare these locations with the respective nearest subway station. Statistics reveal several interesting conclusions. First, for approximately 24.89% of all trips, no convenient subway connections exist between the OD pairs. As such, a taxi becomes the only viable choice. Second, for 80.23% of the remaining 75.11%of trips(equivalent to 60.26% of all trips), access distance from either the origin or the destination to the nearest subway station is greater than 500 meters. This phenomenon indicates that walking distance plays an important role in travel mode choice. In the second stage, we examine groups of taxi trips with similar travel distances and travel times to reveal common features. We establish a preference rule in terms of travel distance and travel time.This determines whether an individual driver will take a taxi or the subway, using a pairwise comparison-based preference regression model. Tests indicate that more than 95% of taxi trips can be correctly predicted by this preference rule. This conclusion reveals that traveling convenience dominates the travel model choice between taxi and subway. All these findings shed light on the factors that influence travel mode choice behavior.

Integrated Network Design and Demand Forecast for On-Demand Urban Air Mobility

Urban air mobility(UAM)is an emerging concept proposed in recent years that uses electric vertical takeoff and landing vehicles(eVTOLs).UAM is expected to offer an alternative way of transporting passengers and goods in urban areas with significantly improved mobility by making use of low-altitude airspace.In addition to other essential elements,ground infrastructure of vertiports is needed to transition UAM from concept to operation.This study examines the network design of UAM on-demand service,with a particular focus on the use of integer programming and a solution algorithm to determine the optimal locations of vertiports,user allocation to vertiports,and vertiport access-and egress-mode choices while considering the interactions between vertiport locations and potential UAM travel demand.A case study based on simulated disaggregate travel demand data of the Tampa Bay area in Florida,USA was conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model.Candidate vertiport locations were obtained by analyzing a three-dimensional(3D)geographic information system(GIS)map developed from lidar data of Florida and physical and regulation constraints of eVTOL operations at vertiports.Optimal locations of vertiports were determined to achieve the minimal total generalized cost;however,the modeling structure allows each user to select a better mode between ground transportation and UAM in terms of generalized cost.The outcomes of the case study reveal that although the percentage of trips that switched from ground mode to multimodal UAM was small,users choosing the UAM service benefited from significant time saving.In addition,the impact of different parameter settings on the demand for UAM service was explored from the supply side,and different pricing strategies were tested that might influence potential demand and revenue generation for UAM operators.The combined effects of the number of vertiports and pricing strategies were also analyzed.The findings from this study offer in-depth planning and managerial insights for municipal decision-makers and UAM operators.The conclusion of this paper discusses caveats to the study,ongoing efforts by the authors,and future directions in UAM research.

Computational analysis of vibration modes of disk-shaped piezoelectric traveling wave motors

According to Kirchhoff-Love's assumptions, this paper establishes linear system of equations for solving eigen frequency constant and corresponding mode shape. Using engineer-ing and numerical analysis software Matlab5.2 and method of coefficient determinant searching arithmetic, eigen frequency constant and mode shape of the stator with i.d./ o.d. ratio of 0.1, 0.3, 0.35, 0.6 and different vibration modes are accurately solved and analyzed. By means of Newton interpolation method, contributions of transverse deflection amplitude and vibration energy corresponding to various modes are determined. This paper offers a valid theoretical foundation for the optimum design of the stator of disk-shaped ultrasonic motors. Furthermore, according to results of numerical analysis, several choosing principles of vibration modes are summarized.

＂Wheelchair slow transit＂ system-based elderly auxiliary travel mode

Based on research of the current situation and analysis result of a case study in the Nanjing region, this paper proposes a ＂whee（chair slow transit＂（WST） system-based elderly auxiliary travel mode. The system involves three fundamental composition frames, namely, support, transit components, and connection components. Each component is designed as an armrest, ground track, or vertical type to respond to actual demands. Thus, this system may be adaptable to diverse conditions. Taking Xiangpuying community as a case study, the author examined the application of the WST auxi（iary mode in particular communities. The WST system helps to increase the accessibility of existing public areas, creates a safe community traffic environment, improves municipal facilities, and strengthens universal design. The study intends to provide a reference to obtain a complete aged care design and to build a comfortable and livable aged care community environment.

Macro level performance study of Ahmadabad bus rapid transit system:Janmarg

Amidst the rapid urbanization in the country,the importance of urban public transport has been realized by the governments.Public transport is vital to the city's economy and ensures social equity.Bus Rapid Transit System(BRTS)has emerged as an exciting way to decongest the cities,enhancing and increasing mobility and accessi-bility and promoting transit-oriented development.India's longest BRTS,Janmarg,was created with similar ob-jectives.However,the system faces reduced ridership and inhibited growth because of its hidden inefficiencies.This research aims to identify all the factors affecting ridership,accessibility,and inhibiting the system's growth even after having sufficient infrastructure.It also aims to quantitatively determine whether Janmarg could achieve its establishment's objectives on the city transportation system after thirteen years of the successful implementation of the project.The research methodology used in this work combines primary and secondary research.The factors are responsible for preventing Janmarg from achieving its objectives and utilizing its full potential are determined and recommended ways to utilize adversities effectively.Results show that this study endorses reducing ambiguities and a way forward for making a sustainable transportation system.