Exploration and Research on Translation Strategies of Terminologies in Treatise on Warm Heat Disease

Cultural Translation Theory,originated in the 20 th century,states that the study of translation is the study of cultural in-teraction.It aims to explain that translation should not merely be constrained at traditional linguistic level,but should go to a muchbroader area,that is to say,the cultural and historical frame to direct our translation.Wen Re Lun(Treatise on Warm Heat Disease)is a representative classic of Warm Disease Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM),with considerable cultural tradition.From the perspective of Cultural Translation Theory,this thesis discussed the translation strategy of terminologies in Wen Re Lun.The principle,"mainly based on foreignization and domestication as minor",could be preferable to transmit the TCM essence byits own language.

Construction and application of knowledge graph of Treatise on Febrile Diseases

Objective To establish the knowledge graph of“disease-syndrome-symptom-method-formula”in Treatise on Febrile Diseases(Shang Han Lun,《伤寒论》)for reducing the fuzziness and uncertainty of data,and for laying a foundation for later knowledge reasoning and its application.Methods Under the guidance of experts in the classical formula of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),the method of“top-down as the main,bottom-up as the auxiliary”was adopted to carry out knowledge extraction,knowledge fusion,and knowledge storage from the five aspects of the disease,syndrome,symptom,method,and formula for the original text of Treatise on Febrile Diseases,and so the knowledge graph of Treatise on Febrile Diseases was constructed.On this basis,the knowledge structure query and the knowledge relevance query were realized in a visual manner.Results The knowledge graph of“disease-syndrome-symptom-method-formula”in the Treatise on Febrile Diseases was constructed,containing 6469 entities and 10911 relational triples,on which the query of entities and their relationships can be carried out and the query result can be visualized.Conclusion The knowledge graph of Treatise on Febrile Diseases systematically realizes its digitization of the knowledge system,and improves the completeness and accuracy of the knowledge representation,and the connection between“disease-syndrome-symptom-treatment-formula”,which is conducive to the sharing and reuse of knowledge can be obtained in a clear and efficient way.

Treatise by Olbrycht Strumieński (1573)--The First Polish Book on Hydraulic Engineering

The treatise by Olbrycht Strumieński is chronologically the first book in Poland, and the second in Europe, describinglevelling instruments. A few years after Strumieński’s death, the text was published by Stanisław Stroynowski. Until the 19th century,only three Polish-language treatises addressed the problems of levelling. Strumieński described the technique of building andmanaging fish ponds in Moravia, Bohemia and Poland. The presented surveying instruments and measuring methods are sufficientfor the design and construction of a pond that can survive for over 300 years. Strumieński also presented the principles of freshwateraquaculture. Poland, along with Bohemia, Moravia and Hungary, was an exporter of freshwater fish to Western Europe from the 16thto the mid-18th century.

“Kutadgu Bilig”, Philosophical-Legal Political Treatise (Book of Government) of the History of Turkish-Islamic Culture of the 11th Century

Kutadgu Bilig(Gracious Knowledge),a common cultural monument of modern Turkic peoples,is a valuable historical,theoretical,and methodological source that reveals the artistic and political thinking of the 11th century,shapes the life and spiritual culture of society,and explains the prospects for governing the state.In this work,which is a philosophical and legal political treatise(Book of Government)of the history of Turkish-Islamic culture of the 11th century,the general terms of the government strategy,which forms the basis of public administration,are widely interpreted from different aspects.Kutadgu Bilig,which reveals the unique artistic treasures of the Turkish language and Turkish artistic and political thinking,shows that the proper regulation of relations between the people and the government is the most important factor in public administration.Kutadgu Bilig,a philosophical and legal political treatise of the Turkish-Islamic cultural history of the 11th century,which contains very important theoretical and practical knowledge in the field of state building and administration,has not lost its actuality since it reflects the theoretical and methodological principles of public administration.

Ye Gui and Treatise on Warm-heat Diseases

Ye Gui (courtesy name:Ye Tianshi,assumed name:Ye Xiangyan 1667-1746),a celebrated physician of the Qing Dynasty was from Wu County,Jiangsu province.Born into a TCM family and nurtured by his family tradition,he read many medical classics like Huangdi's Canon of Medicine (Huang Di Nei Jing),Classic of Difficulties (Nan Jing),etc.,which laid a solid foundation for his future medical career.He was naturally bright and talented so he was good at drawing analogies.Although his medical attainments outdid his teachers,he did not become complacent.He was modest and eager to learn,so when he met any medical expert he would listen to advice with an open mind.He chose to learn from 17 super physicians,which became a favorite topic among the medical cycles.1 Since he discovered and made use of the strong points of all others and gained a thorough understanding,he advanced by leaps and bounds and his fame skyrocketed.Eventually he became a very influential medical expert.

China Court Cases on Intellectual Property Rights——First Chinese-English treatise on lP-related case analyses;hard cover,900 pages

For the purpose of summarising the judicial experiencein adjudicating IP-related cases and familarising the readersin China and overseas with the practical situation of

Heterogeneous graph construction and node representation learning method of Treatise on Febrile Diseases based on graph convolutional network

Objective To construct symptom-formula-herb heterogeneous graphs structured Treatise on Febrile Diseases(Shang Han Lun,《伤寒论》)dataset and explore an optimal learning method represented with node attributes based on graph convolutional network(GCN).Methods Clauses that contain symptoms,formulas,and herbs were abstracted from Treatise on Febrile Diseases to construct symptom-formula-herb heterogeneous graphs,which were used to propose a node representation learning method based on GCN−the Traditional Chinese Medicine Graph Convolution Network(TCM-GCN).The symptom-formula,symptom-herb,and formula-herb heterogeneous graphs were processed with the TCM-GCN to realize high-order propagating message passing and neighbor aggregation to obtain new node representation attributes,and thus acquiring the nodes’sum-aggregations of symptoms,formulas,and herbs to lay a foundation for the downstream tasks of the prediction models.Results Comparisons among the node representations with multi-hot encoding,non-fusion encoding,and fusion encoding showed that the Precision@10,Recall@10,and F1-score@10 of the fusion encoding were 9.77%,6.65%,and 8.30%,respectively,higher than those of the non-fusion encoding in the prediction studies of the model.Conclusion Node representations by fusion encoding achieved comparatively ideal results,indicating the TCM-GCN is effective in realizing node-level representations of heterogeneous graph structured Treatise on Febrile Diseases dataset and is able to elevate the performance of the downstream tasks of the diagnosis model.

Discussion on the application of Ginseng efficacy from"Treatise on Spleen and Stomach"

According to the original works of an ancient Chinese medicine book"Treatise on Spleen and Stomach"(Detailed Analysis of Spleen and Stomach Diseases;1249 C.E.)written by Li Dongyuan(1180-1251 C.E),and related explanations of later physicians,the efficacy and application of Ginseng(Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma)in related prescriptions were investigated from the aspects of dosage,usage and treatment methods.Ginseng appeared in 27 named prescriptions,including 20 decoctions,4 pill and 3 powder.In terms of dosage and usage,the common dosage of Ginseng is five points,mainly decoction.Most of the processing methods are"Fuju"(Bite up the medicine with your mouth so it can be taken.)and decoction with water.In terms of treatment methods,Ginseng is used in the sweet temperature and heat removing method and Nourishes Qi and Eliminates Evils Method(build your body to cure disease)in Li Dongyuan's"Treatise on Spleen and Stomach".Explaining Sweet Temperature Heat Removal Method(Use sweet and warm medicines to treat Qi-deficiency fever or Blood-deficiency fever;there are many reasons for fever,and cold and cooling medicines with heat-clearing effect are generally used for treatment.Use bitter cold medicine,so as not to consume the body's Yang.)takes Buzhong Yiqi Decoction(BYD)as an example,and explaining the Nourishes Qi and Eliminates Evils Method takes Mahuang-renshen-shaoyao decoction as an example.At the same time,"Treatise on Spleen and Stomach"matured in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties(1115-1368 C.E.).Its system of weights and measures,terminology and medical theory are quite different from those of modern Chinese medicine.Therefore,when researching the dosage,usage and treatment methods of Ginseng,we will explore the controversial points,and explain them by using modern Chinese medicine theory,so as to guide the clinical medication more accurately.

《伤寒论》临证价值刍议

《伤寒论》临证思想研究者众多,已逐渐形成较为完善的伤寒学研究体系,然尚存不足之处,如对此书临床价值认识不全面、疫病诊治重温病轻伤寒、经典理论应对当代疾病及经方运用存在的问题等。提出《伤寒论》为百病立法,治伤寒亦治杂病;疫病诊治重温病轻伤寒,实则寒温相互羽翼;经典研究可借鉴西医思维,应对疾病须以中为基;目前经方运用重方药略理法,亟待构建规范体系等观点,为中医经典临床研究提供思路。

译介学视域下中医典籍中文化负载词的英译策略研究

由于中医典籍成书年代久远,其在翻译过程中往往存在着大量的文化对应空缺词汇,因此,中医典籍中的文化负载词翻译成了一个重要的环节,也是一个难点。为了使中医文化更好、更广泛、更有效地传播,译者必须针对现实情况采取相应的对策。基于译介学理论,从文化负载词的定义出发,立足文化视角,通过对《黄帝内经》《伤寒杂病论》和《金匮要略》等中医典籍中的文化负载词的识别和解读,提出了中医文化负载词在翻译过程中需要熟练运用语言维转换、文化维转换、交际维转换等转换方法,总结了中医典籍文化负载词可以使用直译、音译/音译和注释相结合、省译或意译的方法。目的是通过中医典籍文化负载词的界定和提出的翻译策略的同时,有助于为中医文化负载词英译研究提供新的翻译视角、拓宽研究思维,旨在为解读文化差异、探寻更加合理有效的文化交流路径和方法提供新的启发和切入点,对推动中医文化负载词英译研究及中医药文化对外传播进程的加快提供有价值的参考。

“胃家实”及三承气汤运用辨析

“胃家实”作为阳明病提纲,意义重大的同时也颇具争议。本文基于阳明胃肠的生理机制揭示“胃家实”本质,并进一步分析“胃家实”病机治法,又据此探讨三承气汤之鉴别运用、“燥屎”与大小承气汤辨证关系及“胃家实”与“脾家实”的内在联系。从而提出“胃家实”属于正阳阳明病提纲,是阳明胃肠“更虚更满”机制紊乱而形成的一种病理状态。

犹太人问题与自由民主政体——基于斯宾诺莎《神学政治论》的考察

犹太人问题由来已久,但第一次提出该问题的当属斯宾诺莎。在斯宾诺莎的时代,尼德兰沦为帝国主义势力的角逐场。结合这一时代问题与历史问题,斯宾诺莎在《神学政治论》中对于好的政体,即自由民主政体有着细致的描述与刻画。透过自由民主政体的表象深入斯宾诺莎建构理论的逻辑基地显得尤为重要。首先,斯宾诺莎在《神学政治论》中运用历史主义和文献研读的方法,重构诸多概念,让神学与哲学、教法与世俗法分道扬镳,粉碎了犹太教固有的“永久选民”的优越感。其次,在《神学政治论》中,斯宾诺莎从人性观与自由观两个角度对犹太民族的民族基础予以重击。最后,斯宾诺莎在重构神学、重解犹太民族的基础上,建立自由民主政体。打碎之后建立的自由民主政体,作为后事之师不难发现其解决问题效力匮乏。在巴以冲突的当下,如何解决犹太人问题这一历史悠长的时代难题,也亟须学术界作出更多的研究与贡献。

外感热病共性病机及传变机制探讨

探讨外感热病共性病机及传变机制。指出外邪侵袭,导致卫气抗邪,正邪相争,阳气壅郁,从而表现出一系列的热病证候,病机特点为“郁-虚”。以“气血-体用”论概括热病证候传变规律,将热病病程概括为气、血两个阶段,其中气分阶段包括卫分等,以功能失调为主;血分统营分,以实质损害为主,兼有更加严重的功能失调。外感热病重症转化病机包括热盛动血、热闭心包、热盛动风、化源欲绝、少阴寒化及正气外脱等。

《伤寒论》《金匮要略》问诊研究

问诊是医者重要诊病技能。善问者,有条不紊并处处直指要害;不善问者,天马行空且杂乱无序。文章试结合《伤寒论》《金匮要略》来探讨问诊在临床中的应用,分别从问以获知发病诱因、问以知治疗史、问以知既往史、问以获知现症、问以指导辨证、问以知药后情况这六方面展开。在此基础上,挖掘问诊背后的思维,归纳出整体观、联系观、主次观、恒动观、除外观等思维观念。最后,介绍自拟问诊思维歌诀以助记忆,并提醒临床问诊应主动运用。希望文章所做出的工作成果能有益于中医临床。

浅谈仲景胃食管反流病诊治思路

通过对《伤寒论》《金匮要略》中关于胃食管反流病相关条文的研读,归纳出胃食管反流病的临床证型,为肝胃不和证、寒热错杂证、痰气交阻证、肝郁化火证、水饮内停证、脾虚痰壅证、胃虚有热证、脾胃虚寒证、阴虚内热证。对每种证型的方药结合的临床体会进行分析,最后通过典型临床医案举隅,浅析经方治疗胃食管病的思路。

“精诚合一”理念下《伤寒琢》辅助伤寒学课程的实践研究

目的:明晰《伤寒琢》在中医学生伤寒学课程中的教学效果。方法:在2020~2021学年第一学期,选择南京中医药大学两个同年级相同专业中医本科大三班级,分别设为对照组(n=53)及试验组(n=51),每组总课时皆为72学时,其中对照组采用传统伤寒论教学,而试验组则在传统教学基础上,适当压缩教材教学时间,在平时教学过程中融入《伤寒琢》相关教学内容。学期末课程结束后,两组分别进行考核,考核内容分为两大部分,临床标准化病人(standardized patients,SP)考核及统一试卷考试,具体为中医临床诊疗操作、医德考核及SP打分,各占总成绩20%,而试卷考试占总成绩40%;最后将2大考核部分、4个项目成绩按比例计算总成绩。结果:对照组缓考3人,试验组缓考2人。SP考核中,中医临床诊疗操作、医德考核及SP打分成绩两组差异皆有统计学意义(P<0.05),而卷面成绩无统计学差异(P>0.05)。最后两组总成绩有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论:将《伤寒琢》内容融入中医学生伤寒学教学实践中,并不影响学生卷面成绩,且对学生的医德修养、临床诊疗水平及总体学习成绩皆有促进作用。

基于六经方证探赜痛风的证治

痛风是因嘌呤代谢紊乱及尿酸排泄障碍而导致的异质性疾病,临床主要表现为手足关节的疼痛及痛风石的形成,现已日益成为威胁人类身体健康的常见代谢类疾病。《伤寒论》是我国医学史上影响力最广的医学著作之一,医圣张仲景以理、法、方、药为基础,开创了六经辨证体系的先河。文章执《伤寒论》六经辨证方法,结合痛风在太阳、阳明、少阳、太阴、少阴、厥阴六经中的不同临床特点,探赜痛风的六经传变规律,发掘治疗痛风的经典方剂,为临床指导痛风的辨证论治提供更广阔的思路。

民国时期吉林地域《伤寒论》的研究与应用——基于《医林》杂志研究的探讨

民国时期,吉林地域中医的发展受到了西医盛行的强烈的冲击,在中西医并存的发展的背景下,吉林地区的中医们传承并研究中医经典,在当时吉林地区出版发行的中医学杂志《医林》杂志中发表了大量的中医经典研究内容,其中以《伤寒论》研究的内容最为广泛,本文通过考证《医林》杂志中发表的《伤寒论》研究文献,认为当时的《伤寒论》研究文献具有篇目连载较多,内容连续强的特点,在研究内容上推崇原文,注重经典,并在一定程度上反映了中西医汇通的特点,研究形式多样,代表了当时中医的学术发展水平,对于研究中医药的发展具有重要意义。

小陷胸汤古今文献考证

目的:分析小陷胸汤的方名方源、组成、剂量、煎服方法、主治病证、功效方义以及现代疾病谱,为其现代临床应用及制剂研发提供依据。方法:古代文献检索基于湖南中医药大学图书馆馆藏资料、读秀数据库、博览医书中医古籍库等,以“小陷胸汤”,或以“陷胸”二字为关键词进行检索,同时查阅影印版古籍进行内容审校。现代临床研究以中国知网为检索数据库,以“小陷胸汤”为主题词进行检索。结果:小陷胸汤首载于东汉张仲景《伤寒论》,组成包括黄连、半夏、瓜蒌实,后世医书多有记载,方名有“仲景小陷胸汤”“古小陷胸汤”“半夏黄连瓜蒌汤”等,异名同方,煎服法大多遵守仲景“先煮瓜蒌,去滓,后纳诸药,续煎”的方法,主治病证广,包括呼吸系统疾病、心血管系统疾病、消化系统疾病、内分泌系统疾病等,尤以循环系统疾病、呼吸系统疾病、消化系统疾病为多。结论:小陷胸汤证病机为痰热互结,小陷胸汤功效为清热化痰,通痹止痛。

卞嵩京论经方汤液派六经提纲

《伤寒论》六经提纲千百年来观点林立,众说纷纭。经方汤液派,肇始于廖季平,奠基于刘民叔,发展于卞嵩京,于六经提纲有其独到见解,即“太阳病以脉浮为提纲,阳明病以腹满为提纲,少阳病以胸胁苦满为提纲,太阴病以吐利腹痛为提纲,少阴病以下利脉微细为提纲,厥阴病无提纲可言”。