Current situation and trend of marine data buoy and monitoring network technology of China

Marine data buoy can provide a long-term, continuous, real-time, reliable data of ocean observation in a variety of complex marine environment. It is one of the most reliable, most effective and important means of ocean monitoring technology. In this paper, the classification, main theory and technology system of marine data buoy are summarized. The typical technological breakthrough of the development of marine data buoy in recent years is summarized. The composition and application of marine monitoring network in China was introduced, and the gap between the technology of China＇s marine data buoy and the international advanced countries is compared.Combined on the situation and demand of China＇s current situation and needs, the development trend of marine data buoy and buoy monitoring network are expected.

Early Warning and Monitoring of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Using Baidu Search Index and Baidu Information Index in Guangxi,China

Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is an emerging infectious disease,and it is important to detect early and monitor the disease trend for policymakers to make informed decisions.We explored the predictive utility of Baidu Search Index and Baidu Information Index for early warning of COVID-19 and identified search keywords for further monitoring of epidemic trends in Guangxi.A time-series analysis and Spearman correlation between the daily number of cases and both the Baidu Search Index and Baidu Information Index were performed for seven keywords related to COVID-19 from January 8 to March 9,2020.The time series showed that the temporal distributions of the search terms“coronavirus,”“pneumonia”and“mask”in the Baidu Search Index were consistent and had 2 to 3 days'lead time to the reported cases;the correlation coefficients were higher than 0.81.The Baidu Search Index volume in 14 prefectures of Guangxi was closely related with the number of reported cases;it was not associated with the local GDP.The Baidu Information Index search terms“coronavirus”and“pneumonia”were used as frequently as 192,405.0 and 110,488.6 per million population,respectively,and they were also significantly associated with the number of reported cases(rs>0.6),but they fluctuated more than for the Baidu Search Index and had 0 to 14 days'lag time to the reported cases.The Baidu Search Index with search terms“coronavirus,”“pneumonia”and“mask”can be used for early warning and monitoring of the epidemic trend of COVID-19 in Guangxi,with 2 to 3 days'lead time.

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Gram-negative bacteria causing intra-abdominal infections in China： SMART China 2011

Background The Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends program monitors the activity of antibiotics against aerobic and facultative Gram-negative bacilli （GNBs） from intra-abdominal infections （IAIs） in patients worldwide.Methods In 2011,1 929 aerobic and facultative GNBs from 21 hospitals in 16 cities in China were collected.All isolates were tested using a panel of 12 antimicrobial agents,and susceptibility was determined following the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines.Results Among the Gram-negative pathogens causing IAIs,Escherichia coli （47.3％） was the most commonly isolated,followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae （17.2％）,Pseudomonas aeruginosa （10.1％）,and Acinetobacter baumannii （8.3％）.Enterobacteriaceae comprised 78.8％ （1521/1929） of the total isolates.Among the antimicrobial agents tested,ertapenem and imipenem were the most active agents against Enterobacteriaceae,with susceptibility rates of 95.1％ and 94.4％,followed by amikacin （93.9％） and piperacillin/tazobactam （87.7％）.Susceptibility rates of ceftriaxone,cefotaxime,ceftazidime,and cefepime against Enterobacteriaceae were 38.3％,38.3％,61.1％,and 50.8％,respectively.The leastactive agent against Enterobacteriaceae was ampicillin/sulbactam （25.9％）.The extended-spectrum β-lactamase （ESBL） rates among E.coli,K.pneumoniae,Klebsiella oxytoca,and Proteus mirabilis were 68.8％,38.1％,41.2％,and 57.7％,respectively.Conclusions Enterobacteriaceae were the major pathogens causing IAIs,and the most active agents against the study isolates （including those producing ESBLs） were ertapenem,imipenem,and amikacin.Including the carbapenems,most agents exhibited reduced susceptibility against ESBL-positive and multidrug-resistant isolates.