Misdiagnosis of hemangioma of left triangular ligament of the liver as gastric submucosal stromal tumor:Two case reports

BACKGROUND Extragastric lesions are typically not misdiagnosed as gastric submucosal tumor(SMT).However,we encountered two rare cases where extrinsic lesions were misdiagnosed as gastric SMTs.CASE SUMMARY We describe two cases of gastric SMT-like protrusions initially misdiagnosed as gastric SMTs by the abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CT)and endoscopic ultrasound(EUS).Based on the CT and EUS findings,the patients underwent gastroscopy;however,no tumor was identified after incising the gastric wall.Subsequent surgical exploration revealed no gastric lesions in both patients,but a mass was found in the left triangular ligament of the liver.The patients underwent laparoscopic tumor resection,and the postoperative diagnosis was hepatic hemangiomas.CONCLUSION During EUS procedures,scanning across different layers and at varying degrees of gastric cavity distension,coupled with meticulous image analysis,has the potential to mitigate the likelihood of such misdiagnoses.

Finite Temperature Magnetism in the Triangular Lattice Antiferromagnet KErTe_(2)

After the discovery of the ARECh_(2)(A=alkali or monovalent ions,RE=rare-earth,Ch=chalcogen)triangular lattice quantum spin liquid(QSL)family,a series of its oxide,sulfide,and selenide counterparts has been consistently reported and extensively investigated.While KErTe_(2) represents the initial synthesized telluride member,preserving its triangular spin lattice,it was anticipated that the substantial tellurium ions could impart more pronounced magnetic attributes and electronic structures to this material class.This study delves into the magnetism of KErTe_(2) at finite temperatures through magnetization and electron spin resonance(ESR)measurements.Based on the angular momentum J after spin-orbit coupling(SOC)and symmetry analysis,we obtain the magnetic effective Hamiltonian to describe the magnetism of Er^(3+)in R3m space group.Applying the mean-field approximation to the Hamiltonian,we can simulate the magnetization and magnetic heat capacity of KErTe_(2) in paramagnetic state and determine the crystalline electric field(CEF)parameters and partial exchange interactions.The relatively narrow energy gaps between the CEF ground state and excited states exert a significant influence on the magnetism.For example,small CEF excitations can result in a significant broadening of the ESR linewidth at 2 K.For the fitted exchange interactions,although the values are small,given a large angular momentum J=15/2 after SOC,they still have a noticeable effect at finite temperatures.Notably,the heat capacity data under different magnetic fields along the𝑐axis direction also roughly match our calculated results,further validating the reliability of our analytical approach.These derived parameters serve as crucial tools for future investigations into the ground state magnetism of KErTe_(2).The findings presented herein lay a foundation for exploration of the intricate magnetism within the triangular-lattice delafossite family.

Tuning Excitation Transport in a Dissipative Rydberg Ring

We demonstrate the flexible tunability of excitation transport in Rydberg atoms,under the interplay of controlled dissipation and interaction-induced synthetic flux.Considering a minimum four-site setup,i.e.,a triangular configuration with an additional output site,we study the transport of a single excitation.

Alternative Method of Constructing Granular Neural Networks

Utilizing granular computing to enhance artificial neural network architecture, a newtype of network emerges—thegranular neural network (GNN). GNNs offer distinct advantages over their traditional counterparts: The ability toprocess both numerical and granular data, leading to improved interpretability. This paper proposes a novel designmethod for constructing GNNs, drawing inspiration from existing interval-valued neural networks built uponNNNs. However, unlike the proposed algorithm in this work, which employs interval values or triangular fuzzynumbers for connections, existing methods rely on a pre-defined numerical network. This new method utilizesa uniform distribution of information granularity to granulate connections with unknown parameters, resultingin independent GNN structures. To quantify the granularity output of the network, the product of two commonperformance indices is adopted: The coverage of numerical data and the specificity of information granules.Optimizing this combined performance index helps determine the optimal parameters for the network. Finally,the paper presents the complete model construction and validates its feasibility through experiments on datasetsfrom the UCIMachine Learning Repository. The results demonstrate the proposed algorithm’s effectiveness andpromising performance.

Does the Hartman effect exist in triangular barriers

We study the phase,Larmor and dwell times of a particle scattered off triangular barriers(TBs).It is interesting that the dependences of dwell,reflective phase and Larmor times on the wave number,barrier width and height for a pair of mirror-symmetric(MS)exact triangular barriers(ETBs)are quite different,as the two ETBs have quite distinct scattering surfaces.In comparison,the dependence of the transmitted phase or Larmor times is exactly the same,since the transmitted amplitudes are the same for a pair of MS TBs.We further study the Hartman effect by defining the phase and Larmor velocities associated with the phase and Larmor times.We find no barrier width saturation effect for the transmitted and reflected times.This is indicated by the fact that all the velocities approach finite constants that are much smaller than the speed of light in vacuum for TBs with positive-slope impact faces.As for ETBs with vertical left edges,the naive velocities seem to also indicate the absence of the Hartman effect.These are quite distinct from rectangular barriers and may shed new light on the clarification of the tunneling time issues.

Enhancing Critical Path Problem in Neutrosophic Environment Using Python

In the real world,one of the most common problems in project management is the unpredictability of resources and timelines.An efficient way to resolve uncertainty problems and overcome such obstacles is through an extended fuzzy approach,often known as neutrosophic logic.Our rigorous proposed model has led to the creation of an advanced technique for computing the triangular single-valued neutrosophic number.This innovative approach evaluates the inherent uncertainty in project durations of the planning phase,which enhances the potential significance of the decision-making process in the project.Our proposed method,for the first time in the neutrosophic set literature,not only solves existing problems but also introduces a new set of problems not yet explored in previous research.A comparative study using Python programming was conducted to examine the effectiveness of responsive and adaptive planning,as well as their differences from other existing models such as the classical critical path problem and the fuzzy critical path problem.The study highlights the use of neutrosophic logic in handling complex projects by illustrating an innovative dynamic programming framework that is robust and flexible,according to the derived results,and sets the stage for future discussions on its scalability and application across different industries.

Review and update on the management of triangular fibrocartilage complex injuries in professional athletes

Triangular fibrocartilage complex injuries are common in amateur and professional sports.These injuries are mainly caused by acute or chronic repetitive axial loads on the wrist,particularly on the ulnar side and in association with rotations or radial/ulnar deviations.In order to treat professional athletes,a detailed specific knowledge of the pathology is needed.Moreover,the clinician should fully understand the specific and unique environment and needs of the athletes,their priorities and goals,the type of sport,the time of the season,and the position played.An early diagnosis and appropriate management with the quickest possible recovery time are the uppermost goals for both the athlete and the surgeon.A compromise between conservative vs surgical indications,athletes’needs and expectations,and financial implications should be achieved.Arthroscopic procedures should be timely planned when indicated as they could allow early diagnosis and treatment at the same time.Conservative measures are often used as first line treatment when possible.Peripheral lesions are treated by arthroscopic repair,whilst central lesions are treated by arthroscopic debridement.Further procedures(such as the Wafer procedure,ulnar osteotomies,etc.)have specific indications and great implications with regard to rehabilitation.

Constructing a Triangular Linkage Model of Government Audit,Social Audit,and Internal Audit to Promote High-Quality Development of Audit Services

It is a complex and important topic to study the linkage mechanism of government audit,social audit,and internal audit in the context of China’s high-quality economic development.The implementation of measures,such as establishing a sound and perfect organizational safeguard mechanism,strengthening project collaborative audit mechanism,enhancing the mechanism for utilizing audit results,and establishing an audit and rectification joint mechanism can promote the efficient operation of the audit supervision system and the high-quality development of audit services.

Post-stack reverse-time migration using a finite difference method based on triangular grids

Compared with other migration methods, reverse-time migration is based on a precise wave equation, not an approximation, and performs extrapolation in the depth domain rather than the time domain. It is highly accurate and not affected by strong subsurface structure complexity and horizontal velocity variations. The difference method based on triangular grids maintains the simplicity of the difference method and the precision of the finite element method. It can be used directly for forward modeling on models with complex top surfaces and migration without statics preprocessing. We apply a finite difference method based on triangular grids for post-stack reverse-time migration for the first time. Tests on model data verify that the combination of the two methods can achieve near-perfect results in application.

New Methods to Solve Fuzzy Shortest Path Problems

This paper discusses the problem of finding a shortest path from a fixed origin s to a specified node t in a network with arcs represented as typical triangular fuzzy numbers (TFN). Because of the characteristic of TFNs, the length of any path p from s to t , which equals the extended sum of all arcs belonging to p , is also TFN. Therefore, the fuzzy shortest path problem (FSPP) becomes to select the smallest among all those TFNs corresponding to different paths from s to t (specifically, the smallest TFN represents the shortest path). Based on Adamo's method for ranking fuzzy number, the pessimistic method and its extensions - optimistic method and λ combination method, are presented, and the FSPP is finally converted into the crisp shortest path problems.

Method based on fuzzy linguistic scale and FIOWGA operator for decision-making problems

In this paper, we present a fuzzy linguistic scale, which is characterized by triangular fuzzy numbers on [1/9, 9], for the comparison between two alternatives, and introduce a possibility degree formula for comparing triangular fuzzy numbers. We utilize the fuzzy linguistic scale to construct a linguistic preference matrix, and propose a fuzzy induced ordered weighted geometric averaging (FIOWGA) operator to aggregate linguistic preference information. A method based on the fuzzy linguistic scale and FIOWGA operator for decision-making problems is presented. Finally, an illustrative example is given to verify the developed method and to demonstrate its feasibility and effectiveness.

Triangular Au-Ag framework nanostructures prepared by multi-stage replacement and their spectral properties

Triangular Au-Ag framework nanostructures （TFN） were synthesized via a multi-step galvanic replacement reaction （MGRR） of single-crystalline triangular silver nanoplates in a chlorauric acid （HAuCl4） solution at room temperature. The morphological, compositional, and crystal structural changes involved with reaction steps were analyzed by using transmission electron microscopy（TEM）, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry （EDX）, and X-ray diffraction. TEM combined with EDX and selected area electron diffraction confirmed the replacement of Ag with Au. The in-plane dipolar surface plasmon resonance （SPR） absorption band of the Ag nanoplates locating initially at around 700 nm gradually redshifted to 1 100 nm via a multi-stage replacement manner after 7 stages. The adding amount of HAuCl4 per stage influenced the average redshift value per stage, thus enabled a fine tuning of the in-plane dipolar band. A proposed formation mechanism of the original Ag nanoplates developing pores while growing Au nanoparticles covering this underlying structure at more reaction steps was confirmed by exploiting surface-enhanced Raman scattering （SERS）.

A minimum traveltime ray tracing global algorithm on a triangular net for propagating plane waves

To address the problem of subdividing inflexible rectangular grid models and their poor definition of velocity interfaces,we propose a complex structure triangular net for a minimum traveltime ray tracing global algorithm.Our procedure is：（1） Subdivide a triangle grid based on the Delaunay triangular subdivision criterion and the relationships of the points,lines,and the surfaces in the subdividing area.（2） Define the topology relationships and related concepts of triangular unit ray tracing.（3） The source point and wave arrival points at any time compose the propagating plane wave and the minimum traveltime and secondary source positions are calculated during the plane wave propagation.We adopt the hyperbolic approximation global algorithm for secondary source retrieving.（4） By minimum traveltime ray tracing,collect the path from receiver to source points with the neighborhood point＇s traveltime and the direction of the secondary source.Numerical simulation examples are given to test the algorithm.The results show that the triangular net ray tracing method demonstrates model subdivision flexibility,precise velocity discontinuity interfaces,and accurate computations.

Optimization of Lower Hybrid Current Drive Efficiency for EAST Plasma with Non-Circular Cross Section and Finite Aspect-Ratio

The two-dimensional equilibrium with flexible boundaries is solved via using a MAT- LAB Equilibrium Code （MEC）, which has applied the finite element method to handle the change- able plasma shape and employed the trust-region dogleg method to solve the nonlinear partial dif- ferential equation. The corresponding driven current profile is also calculated by coupling with the lower-hybrid simulation code （LSC）. The results are applied to optimize the lower hybrid current drive （LHCD） efficiency for the Experimental Advanced Superconductor Tokamak （EAST） and suggested that both elongation and triangularity have a notable effect on the efficiency because of the competition between the increase in the resonant area and in the Shafranov shift. Moreover, large aspect-ratio has a negative effect on the efficiency. These effects are studied numerically, which might be considered carefully for both good plasma confinement and high LHCD efficiency.

绿色供应链绩效评价指标体系及模型构建

针对绿色供应链的特征给出构建绿色供应链绩效评价体系的原则及常用方法。介绍基于三角模糊函数的Triangular Fuzzy—AHP模型,从而更加全面、更加科学地评价绿色供应链绩效体系,对于绿色供应链绩效评价体系的构建有一定理论意义。

Effective Mass of Strong-Coupling Bound Polaron in a Triangular Quantum Well Induced by Rashba Effect

In this paper, on the basis of Huybrechts＇ strong-coupling polaron model, the Tokuda modified linearcombination operator method and the unitary transformation method are used to study the properties of the strongcoupling bound polaron considering the influence of Rashba effect, which is brought by the spin-orbit （SO） interaction, in the semiconductor triangular quantum well （TQW）. Numerical calculation on the RbCI TQW, as the example, is performed. The expressions for the effective mass of the polaron as a function of the vibration frequency, the velocity, the Coulomb bound potential and the electron areal density are derived. Numerical results show that the total effective mass of the polaron is composed of three parts. The interactions between the orbit and the spin with different directions have different effects on the effective mass of the bound polaron.

Irregular LIPSS produced on metals by single linearly polarized femtosecond laser

Currently,supra-wavelength periodic surface structures(SWPSS)are only achievable on silica dielectrics and silicon by femtosecond(fs)laser ablation,while triangular and rhombic laser induced periodic surface structures(LIPSS)are achievable by circularly polarized or linear cross-polarized femtosecond laser.This is the first work to demonstrate the possibility of generating SWPSS on Sn and triangular and rhombic LIPSS on W,Mo,Ta,and Nb using a single linearly polarized femtosecond laser.We discovered,for the first time,SWPSS patches with each possessing its own orientation,which are completely independent of the light polarization direction,thus,breaking the traditional rules.Increasing the laser power enlarges SWPSS periods from 4–6μm to 15–25μm.We report a maximal period of 25μm,which is the largest period ever reported for SWPSS,~10 and~4 times the maximal periods(2.4μm/6.5μm)of SWPSS ever achieved by fs and ns laser ablation,respectively.The formation of triangular and rhombic LIPSS does not depend on the laser(power)or processing(scan interval and scan methodology)parameters but strongly depends on the material composition and is unachievable on other metals,such as Sn,Al,Ti,Zn,and Zr.This paper proposes and discusses possible mechanisms for molten droplet generation/spread/solidification,Marangoni convection flow for SWPSS formation,and linear-to-circular polarization transition for triangular and rhombic LIPSS formation.Reflectance and iridescence of as-prepared SWPSS and LIPSS are characterized.It was found that besides insufficient ablation on W,the iridescence density of Ta-,Mo-,Nb-LIPSS follows the sequence of melting temperatures:Ta>Mo>Nb,which indicates that the melting temperature of metals may affect the regularity of LIPSS.This work may inspire significant interest in further enriching the diversity of LIPSS and SWPSS.

Ultrasonic diagnosis of biliary atresia: A retrospective analysis of 20 patients

AIM: To investigate the clinical value of ultrasono-graphic diagnosis of biliary atresia (BA), a retrospective analysis of the sonogram of 20 children with BA was undertaken. METHODS: Ultrasonography (US) was performed in 20 neonates and infants with BA, which was confirmed with cholangiography by operation or abdominoscopy. The presence of triangular cord, the size and echo of liver, the changes in empty stomach gallbladder and postprandial gallbladder were observed and recorded. RESULTS: The triangular cord could be observed at the porta hepatis (thickness: 0.3-0.6 cm) in 10 cases. Smaller triangular cord (0.2-0.26 cm) can be observed in 3 cases. The gallbladder was not observed in 2 cases, and 1 case showed a streak gallbladder without capsular space. The gallbladders of 15 cases were flat and small. The gallbladders of 2 cases were of normal size and appearance, however, there was no postprandial contraction. The livers of all cases showed hepatomegaly and hetreogeneous echogenicity. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the hepatomegaly and hetreogeneous echogenicity and the stage of hepatic fibrosis. CONCLUSION: The presence of the triangular cord atthe porta hepatis is specific. However, it is not the only diagnostic criterion, since flat and small gallbladder and poor contraction are also of important diagnostic and differential diagnostic significance. The degree of hepatomegaly and hetreogeneous echogenicity is proportional with liver fibrosis, and able to indicate the duration of course and prognosis.

Design and implementation of a novel multi-scroll chaotic system

This paper proposes a novel approach for generating a multi-scroll chaotic system. Together with the theoretical design and numerical simulations, three different types of attractor are available, governed by constructing triangular wave, sawtooth wave and hysteresis sequence. The presented new multi-scroll chaotic system is different from the classical multi-scroll chaotic Chua system in dimensionless state equations, nonlinear functions and maximum Lyapunov exponents. In addition, the basic dynamical behaviours, including equilibrium points, eigenvalues, eigenvectors, eigenplanes, bifurcation diagrams and Lyapunov exponents, are further investigated. The success of the design is illustrated by both numerical simulations and circuit experiments.

Direct linear discriminant analysis based on column pivoting QR decomposition and economic SVD

A direct linear discriminant analysis algorithm based on economic singular value decomposition （DLDA/ESVD） is proposed to address the computationally complex problem of the conventional DLDA algorithm, which directly uses ESVD to reduce dimension and extract eigenvectors corresponding to nonzero eigenvalues. Then a DLDA algorithm based on column pivoting orthogonal triangular （QR） decomposition and ESVD （DLDA/QR-ESVD） is proposed to improve the performance of the DLDA/ESVD algorithm by processing a high-dimensional low rank matrix, which uses column pivoting QR decomposition to reduce dimension and ESVD to extract eigenvectors corresponding to nonzero eigenvalues. The experimental results on ORL, FERET and YALE face databases show that the proposed two algorithms can achieve almost the same performance and outperform the conventional DLDA algorithm in terms of computational complexity and training time. In addition, the experimental results on random data matrices show that the DLDA/QR-ESVD algorithm achieves better performance than the DLDA/ESVD algorithm by processing high-dimensional low rank matrices.