Objective To investigate the infection rate of hepatitis C virus among the ambulatory patients and in-patients of a tertiary teaching hospital,and study the demographic factors related to the prevalence of hepatitis C...Objective To investigate the infection rate of hepatitis C virus among the ambulatory patients and in-patients of a tertiary teaching hospital,and study the demographic factors related to the prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection.Methods All patients tested for hepatitis C virus antibody from July 2008 to July 2009 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were enrolled in this cross-sectional analysis.The prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection was compared according to age,gender,and departments,respectively.Among patients with positive serology hepatitis C virus marker,the positivity of hepatitis C virus RNA was analysed.Results Among 29 896 subjects included,the hepatitis C virus antibody of 494 patients were positive(1.7%).When patients were divided into 9 age groups,the age specific prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibody were0.2%,1.7%,1.2%,1.1%,1.5%,1.9%,2.6%,2.4%and 2%,respectively.The prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibody in non-surgical department and surgical department was 3%and 1%,respectively.The prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibody of males was higher than that of the females.Total of 194 patients with positive hepatitis C virus antibody were tested for hepatitis C virus RNA,the RNA level of 113 patients(58.2%)were higher than the low detection limit.Conclusions The prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibody was relatively high among patients of general tertiary hospital.Age group of 60-69,males and patients in non-surgical departments were factors associated with high rate of hepatitis C virus infection.展开更多
Taking the COVID-19 data from 2020-1-23 to 3-21 days released by the China Health Protection Committee as the sample,the hospital remaining rate,mortality rate and cure rate are selected as covariates,and the contact ...Taking the COVID-19 data from 2020-1-23 to 3-21 days released by the China Health Protection Committee as the sample,the hospital remaining rate,mortality rate and cure rate are selected as covariates,and the contact infection rate is used as response variable to establish a high precision ADL model,results of return substitution show that the predicted value of contact infection rate almost coincides with the sample value,and shows three stages of change characteristics.After March 1,2020,the overall trend is downward,stable below 12%.Main influencing factors of contact infection rate are analyzed quantitatively.Based on this,the ARIMA(1,2,2)model is established to analyze and predict the mortality change trend.The results showed that the domestic COVID-19 mortality rate is stable near 4%after 2020-3-27.展开更多
A two-step method was developed to quantitatively assess the infection rate of the entomophthoraceous fungus, Zoophthora anhuiensis (Li) Humber, on the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) .Firstly, a standard t...A two-step method was developed to quantitatively assess the infection rate of the entomophthoraceous fungus, Zoophthora anhuiensis (Li) Humber, on the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) .Firstly, a standard time-dose-mortality relationship, established by modeling data from bioassay 1 at varying conidial dosages (0.4- 10.4 conidia/mm^2) of Z. anhuiensis F97028, was used to yield an estimate of expected mortality probability at a given dosage. Secondly, bioassay 2 was conducted by simultaneously exposing six ≤4-day-old nymphal colonies to a shower of Z. anhuiensis conidia at each of four dosages (resulting from exposures of 0.3 - 8.0 min) . Subsequently, the colonies were separately immersed in a 0.1% chlorothalonil solution for 0.5 min to disinfect all surviving conidia on the host integument from 1 - 12 h after exposure under temperature treatments of 15 and 20℃, respectively. The infection rate during a specific period from the end of the exposure to the immersion was then estimated as the ratio of the observed mortality over the expected mortality probability at a particular dosage. The results showed that the infection of M. persicae from Z. anhuiensis was highly rapid with little difference between aphid colonies maintained at 15 and 20℃ before being immersed in the fungicidal solution after exposure. The first 6-hour period after exposure was most crucial to successful infection of the fungus with the infection rate greatly depending on conidial dosages. It took ≤ 1 h to infect > 50% of the aphids at a dosage of > 1.5 conida/mm^2 and > 90% at > 50 conidia/mm^2 .展开更多
Objective:To analysis the influence of operating room nursing care management on the incidence rate of nosocomial infection in orthopedic surgery patients.Methodology:Fifty six orthopedic surgery patients who admitted...Objective:To analysis the influence of operating room nursing care management on the incidence rate of nosocomial infection in orthopedic surgery patients.Methodology:Fifty six orthopedic surgery patients who admitted into the hospital between January to December 2018 were enrolled into this study and randomly divided into two groups,which were the control group(under general management)and the observation group(under the operating room nursing care management).Further,the incidence rate of nosocomial infections,the incidence rate of irregular nursing care phenomena,the satisfaction score of nursing care management,and the quality of life score were observed and recorded.Result:The incidence rate of nosocomial infection,the incidence rate of irregular nursing care management,the satisfaction score of nursing care management,and the quality of life score of the observation group were compared to that of the control group,and the result showed P<0.05,indicates the statistical significance between the data indicators.Conclusion:The use of operating room nursing care management in patients with orthopedic surgery has shown a significant effect.展开更多
Study aimed to determine the rate and prediction of infection in diabetes mellitus patients ≥18 year, with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Retrospective cohort study design was adopted to achieve the objectives. Univers...Study aimed to determine the rate and prediction of infection in diabetes mellitus patients ≥18 year, with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Retrospective cohort study design was adopted to achieve the objectives. Universal sampling technique was employed for data collection among Diabetes ketoacidosis patients, over a period of 3 years (Jan 2008-Dec 2010). Statistical package for social sciences used to analyze data. Over a 3-year period, total of 967 admissions were identified. Of it, 112 (11.6%) with no infection, 679 (70.2%) with bacterial infection and 176 (18.2%) with presumed viral infection. The mean WBC for all the patients was 18,177 (±9431). 721 (74.6%) had leukocytosis, as defined by a WBC ≥ 15,000/mm3. WBC, differential, leukocytosis, as well as sex, temperature were not significant predictors (p > 0.05) of bacterial infection. There was significant (p < 0.05) difference of age between the 3 groups, age above 57 years have high rate of infection as compared to age below and equal 57 years. The infection rate in elderly patients with DKA was high and majority of them had lack of clinical evidence. Major bacterial infections with potential serious sequel were particularly common (33.3%), among every third patient being presumed to have serious consequences.展开更多
Objective Previous studies have shown that meteorological factors may increase COVID-19 mortality,likely due to the increased transmission of the virus.However,this could also be related to an increased infection fata...Objective Previous studies have shown that meteorological factors may increase COVID-19 mortality,likely due to the increased transmission of the virus.However,this could also be related to an increased infection fatality rate(IFR).We investigated the association between meteorological factors(temperature,humidity,solar irradiance,pressure,wind,precipitation,cloud coverage)and IFR across Spanish provinces(n=52)during the first wave of the pandemic(weeks 10–16 of 2020).Methods We estimated IFR as excess deaths(the gap between observed and expected deaths,considering COVID-19-unrelated deaths prevented by lockdown measures)divided by the number of infections(SARS-CoV-2 seropositive individuals plus excess deaths)and conducted Spearman correlations between meteorological factors and IFR across the provinces.Results We estimated 2,418,250 infections and 43,237 deaths.The IFR was 0.03%in<50-year-old,0.22%in 50–59-year-old,0.9%in 60–69-year-old,3.3%in 70–79-year-old,12.6%in 80–89-year-old,and26.5%in≥90-year-old.We did not find statistically significant relationships between meteorological factors and adjusted IFR.However,we found strong relationships between low temperature and unadjusted IFR,likely due to Spain’s colder provinces’aging population.Conclusion The association between meteorological factors and adjusted COVID-19 IFR is unclear.Neglecting age differences or ignoring COVID-19-unrelated deaths may severely bias COVID-19 epidemiological analyses.展开更多
Background:Changes of land cover modify the characteristics of habitat,host-vector interaction and consequently infection rates of disease causing agents.In this paper,we report variations in tsetse distribution patte...Background:Changes of land cover modify the characteristics of habitat,host-vector interaction and consequently infection rates of disease causing agents.In this paper,we report variations in tsetse distribution patterns,abundance and infection rates in relation to habitat types and age in the Maasai Steppe of northern Tanzania.In Africa,Tsetse-transmitted trypanosomiasis negatively impacted human life where about 40 million people are at risk of contracting the disease with dramatic socio-economical consequences,for instance,loss of livestock,animal productivity,and manpower.Methods:We trapped tsetse flies in dry and wet seasons between October 2014 and May 2015 in selected habitats across four villages:Emboreet,Loiborsireet,Kimotorok and Oltukai adjacent to protected areas.Data collected include number and species of tsetse flies caught in baited traps,PCR identification of trypanosome species and extraction of monitored Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)data from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer(MODIS).Results:Our findings demonstrate the variation of tsetse fly species abundance and infection rates among habitats in surveyed villages in relation to NDVI and host abundance.Results have shown higher tsetse fly abundance in Acacia-swampy ecotone and riverine habitats for Emboreet and other villages,respectively.Tsetse abundance was inconsistent among habitats in different villages.Emboreet was highly infested with Glossina swynnertoni(68%)in ecotone and swampy habitats followed by G.morsitans(28%)and G.pallidipes(4%)in riverine habitat.In the remaining villages,the dominant tsetse fly species by 95%was G.pallidipes in all habitats.Trypanosoma vivax was the most prevalent species in all infected flies(95%)with few observations of co-infections(with T.congolense or T.brucei).Conclusions:The findings of this study provide a framework to mapping hotspots of tsetse infestation and trypanosomiasis infection and enhance the communities to plan for effective control of trypanosomiasis.展开更多
Objective Contact precautions,especially the initiation of isolation,are important measures to prevent and control multidrug-resistant organisms(MDROs).However,the implementation in clinical practice remains weak.This...Objective Contact precautions,especially the initiation of isolation,are important measures to prevent and control multidrug-resistant organisms(MDROs).However,the implementation in clinical practice remains weak.This study aimed to analyze the impact of multidisciplinary collaborative intervention on isolation implementation in multidrug-resistant infection,and determine the factors that affect the implementation of isolation measures.Methods A multidisciplinary collaborative intervention related to isolation was conducted at a teaching tertiary hospital in central China on November 1,2018.The information of 1338 patients with MDRO infection and colonization at 10 months before and after the intervention was collected.Then,the issuance of isolation orders was retrospectively analyzed.Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to analyze the factors that affected the isolation implementation.Results The overall issuance rate of isolation orders was 61.21%,which increased from 33.12%to 75.88%(P<0.001)after the implementation of the multidisciplinary collaborative intervention.The intervention(P<0.001,OR=0.166)was a promoting factor for the issuance of isolation orders,in addition to the length of stay(P=0.004,OR=0.991),department(P=0.004),and microorganism(P=0.038).Conclusion The isolation implementation remains far lower than policy standards.Multidisciplinary collaborative interventions can effectively improve the compliance to isolation measures implemented by doctors,thereby promoting the standardized management of MDROs,and providing reference for further improving the quality of hospital infection management.展开更多
Objective To study the risk factors of surgical wound infection among the patients in department of abodominal surgery. Methods The factors on surgical wound infection were investigated by retrospective study. The dia...Objective To study the risk factors of surgical wound infection among the patients in department of abodominal surgery. Methods The factors on surgical wound infection were investigated by retrospective study. The diagnosis standard was based on Diagnosis Standard of Hospital Infection published by Ministry of Health.展开更多
目的探讨心脏死亡器官捐献(donation after cardiac death,DCD)供体质量对肝移植术后受体生存率的影响。方法回顾性分析2018年1月至2021年1月解放军总医院第三医学中心DCD肝移植手术患者100例,移植术后进行为期1年的随访调查,观察肝移...目的探讨心脏死亡器官捐献(donation after cardiac death,DCD)供体质量对肝移植术后受体生存率的影响。方法回顾性分析2018年1月至2021年1月解放军总医院第三医学中心DCD肝移植手术患者100例,移植术后进行为期1年的随访调查,观察肝移植受者的生存状态,对相关危险因素加以分析。结果100例肝移植受者术后1年病死率为3%(3/100),其死亡因素与供体冷缺血时间、供体脂肪肝、术中出血量、供体白蛋白及总胆红素水平、肝细胞水肿密切相关(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析发现,供体冷缺血时间≥840 min、脂肪肝是影响肝移植受者生存状态的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。肝移植术后感染率为26%(26/100),其肝移植术后感染率与受体肝功能Child-Pugh评分、术前血红蛋白水平、血小板计数、术中输血量、术后重症监护病房(intensive care unit,ICU)留观时间密切相关(P<0.05)。结论DCD供体质量对肝移植术后受体生存率具有显著影响,供体冷缺血时间、供体脂肪肝对肝移植术后受体生存状态具有重要影响。展开更多
文摘Objective To investigate the infection rate of hepatitis C virus among the ambulatory patients and in-patients of a tertiary teaching hospital,and study the demographic factors related to the prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection.Methods All patients tested for hepatitis C virus antibody from July 2008 to July 2009 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were enrolled in this cross-sectional analysis.The prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection was compared according to age,gender,and departments,respectively.Among patients with positive serology hepatitis C virus marker,the positivity of hepatitis C virus RNA was analysed.Results Among 29 896 subjects included,the hepatitis C virus antibody of 494 patients were positive(1.7%).When patients were divided into 9 age groups,the age specific prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibody were0.2%,1.7%,1.2%,1.1%,1.5%,1.9%,2.6%,2.4%and 2%,respectively.The prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibody in non-surgical department and surgical department was 3%and 1%,respectively.The prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibody of males was higher than that of the females.Total of 194 patients with positive hepatitis C virus antibody were tested for hepatitis C virus RNA,the RNA level of 113 patients(58.2%)were higher than the low detection limit.Conclusions The prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibody was relatively high among patients of general tertiary hospital.Age group of 60-69,males and patients in non-surgical departments were factors associated with high rate of hepatitis C virus infection.
基金funded by"Analysis of the Influence Mechanism of Modern Service Industry in Yunnan Province Based on Bayes Method"on the Project of Yunnan University Joint Fund.(2017FH001-068).
文摘Taking the COVID-19 data from 2020-1-23 to 3-21 days released by the China Health Protection Committee as the sample,the hospital remaining rate,mortality rate and cure rate are selected as covariates,and the contact infection rate is used as response variable to establish a high precision ADL model,results of return substitution show that the predicted value of contact infection rate almost coincides with the sample value,and shows three stages of change characteristics.After March 1,2020,the overall trend is downward,stable below 12%.Main influencing factors of contact infection rate are analyzed quantitatively.Based on this,the ARIMA(1,2,2)model is established to analyze and predict the mortality change trend.The results showed that the domestic COVID-19 mortality rate is stable near 4%after 2020-3-27.
文摘A two-step method was developed to quantitatively assess the infection rate of the entomophthoraceous fungus, Zoophthora anhuiensis (Li) Humber, on the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) .Firstly, a standard time-dose-mortality relationship, established by modeling data from bioassay 1 at varying conidial dosages (0.4- 10.4 conidia/mm^2) of Z. anhuiensis F97028, was used to yield an estimate of expected mortality probability at a given dosage. Secondly, bioassay 2 was conducted by simultaneously exposing six ≤4-day-old nymphal colonies to a shower of Z. anhuiensis conidia at each of four dosages (resulting from exposures of 0.3 - 8.0 min) . Subsequently, the colonies were separately immersed in a 0.1% chlorothalonil solution for 0.5 min to disinfect all surviving conidia on the host integument from 1 - 12 h after exposure under temperature treatments of 15 and 20℃, respectively. The infection rate during a specific period from the end of the exposure to the immersion was then estimated as the ratio of the observed mortality over the expected mortality probability at a particular dosage. The results showed that the infection of M. persicae from Z. anhuiensis was highly rapid with little difference between aphid colonies maintained at 15 and 20℃ before being immersed in the fungicidal solution after exposure. The first 6-hour period after exposure was most crucial to successful infection of the fungus with the infection rate greatly depending on conidial dosages. It took ≤ 1 h to infect > 50% of the aphids at a dosage of > 1.5 conida/mm^2 and > 90% at > 50 conidia/mm^2 .
文摘Objective:To analysis the influence of operating room nursing care management on the incidence rate of nosocomial infection in orthopedic surgery patients.Methodology:Fifty six orthopedic surgery patients who admitted into the hospital between January to December 2018 were enrolled into this study and randomly divided into two groups,which were the control group(under general management)and the observation group(under the operating room nursing care management).Further,the incidence rate of nosocomial infections,the incidence rate of irregular nursing care phenomena,the satisfaction score of nursing care management,and the quality of life score were observed and recorded.Result:The incidence rate of nosocomial infection,the incidence rate of irregular nursing care management,the satisfaction score of nursing care management,and the quality of life score of the observation group were compared to that of the control group,and the result showed P<0.05,indicates the statistical significance between the data indicators.Conclusion:The use of operating room nursing care management in patients with orthopedic surgery has shown a significant effect.
文摘Study aimed to determine the rate and prediction of infection in diabetes mellitus patients ≥18 year, with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Retrospective cohort study design was adopted to achieve the objectives. Universal sampling technique was employed for data collection among Diabetes ketoacidosis patients, over a period of 3 years (Jan 2008-Dec 2010). Statistical package for social sciences used to analyze data. Over a 3-year period, total of 967 admissions were identified. Of it, 112 (11.6%) with no infection, 679 (70.2%) with bacterial infection and 176 (18.2%) with presumed viral infection. The mean WBC for all the patients was 18,177 (±9431). 721 (74.6%) had leukocytosis, as defined by a WBC ≥ 15,000/mm3. WBC, differential, leukocytosis, as well as sex, temperature were not significant predictors (p > 0.05) of bacterial infection. There was significant (p < 0.05) difference of age between the 3 groups, age above 57 years have high rate of infection as compared to age below and equal 57 years. The infection rate in elderly patients with DKA was high and majority of them had lack of clinical evidence. Major bacterial infections with potential serious sequel were particularly common (33.3%), among every third patient being presumed to have serious consequences.
文摘Objective Previous studies have shown that meteorological factors may increase COVID-19 mortality,likely due to the increased transmission of the virus.However,this could also be related to an increased infection fatality rate(IFR).We investigated the association between meteorological factors(temperature,humidity,solar irradiance,pressure,wind,precipitation,cloud coverage)and IFR across Spanish provinces(n=52)during the first wave of the pandemic(weeks 10–16 of 2020).Methods We estimated IFR as excess deaths(the gap between observed and expected deaths,considering COVID-19-unrelated deaths prevented by lockdown measures)divided by the number of infections(SARS-CoV-2 seropositive individuals plus excess deaths)and conducted Spearman correlations between meteorological factors and IFR across the provinces.Results We estimated 2,418,250 infections and 43,237 deaths.The IFR was 0.03%in<50-year-old,0.22%in 50–59-year-old,0.9%in 60–69-year-old,3.3%in 70–79-year-old,12.6%in 80–89-year-old,and26.5%in≥90-year-old.We did not find statistically significant relationships between meteorological factors and adjusted IFR.However,we found strong relationships between low temperature and unadjusted IFR,likely due to Spain’s colder provinces’aging population.Conclusion The association between meteorological factors and adjusted COVID-19 IFR is unclear.Neglecting age differences or ignoring COVID-19-unrelated deaths may severely bias COVID-19 epidemiological analyses.
基金This research received financial support from the project“Predicting vulnerability and improving resilience of the Maasai communities to vector borne infections:An Eco-health approach in Maasai steppe ecosystem,based at Nelson Mandela African Institute of Science and Technology(NM-AIST)”.
文摘Background:Changes of land cover modify the characteristics of habitat,host-vector interaction and consequently infection rates of disease causing agents.In this paper,we report variations in tsetse distribution patterns,abundance and infection rates in relation to habitat types and age in the Maasai Steppe of northern Tanzania.In Africa,Tsetse-transmitted trypanosomiasis negatively impacted human life where about 40 million people are at risk of contracting the disease with dramatic socio-economical consequences,for instance,loss of livestock,animal productivity,and manpower.Methods:We trapped tsetse flies in dry and wet seasons between October 2014 and May 2015 in selected habitats across four villages:Emboreet,Loiborsireet,Kimotorok and Oltukai adjacent to protected areas.Data collected include number and species of tsetse flies caught in baited traps,PCR identification of trypanosome species and extraction of monitored Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)data from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer(MODIS).Results:Our findings demonstrate the variation of tsetse fly species abundance and infection rates among habitats in surveyed villages in relation to NDVI and host abundance.Results have shown higher tsetse fly abundance in Acacia-swampy ecotone and riverine habitats for Emboreet and other villages,respectively.Tsetse abundance was inconsistent among habitats in different villages.Emboreet was highly infested with Glossina swynnertoni(68%)in ecotone and swampy habitats followed by G.morsitans(28%)and G.pallidipes(4%)in riverine habitat.In the remaining villages,the dominant tsetse fly species by 95%was G.pallidipes in all habitats.Trypanosoma vivax was the most prevalent species in all infected flies(95%)with few observations of co-infections(with T.congolense or T.brucei).Conclusions:The findings of this study provide a framework to mapping hotspots of tsetse infestation and trypanosomiasis infection and enhance the communities to plan for effective control of trypanosomiasis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71473098).
文摘Objective Contact precautions,especially the initiation of isolation,are important measures to prevent and control multidrug-resistant organisms(MDROs).However,the implementation in clinical practice remains weak.This study aimed to analyze the impact of multidisciplinary collaborative intervention on isolation implementation in multidrug-resistant infection,and determine the factors that affect the implementation of isolation measures.Methods A multidisciplinary collaborative intervention related to isolation was conducted at a teaching tertiary hospital in central China on November 1,2018.The information of 1338 patients with MDRO infection and colonization at 10 months before and after the intervention was collected.Then,the issuance of isolation orders was retrospectively analyzed.Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to analyze the factors that affected the isolation implementation.Results The overall issuance rate of isolation orders was 61.21%,which increased from 33.12%to 75.88%(P<0.001)after the implementation of the multidisciplinary collaborative intervention.The intervention(P<0.001,OR=0.166)was a promoting factor for the issuance of isolation orders,in addition to the length of stay(P=0.004,OR=0.991),department(P=0.004),and microorganism(P=0.038).Conclusion The isolation implementation remains far lower than policy standards.Multidisciplinary collaborative interventions can effectively improve the compliance to isolation measures implemented by doctors,thereby promoting the standardized management of MDROs,and providing reference for further improving the quality of hospital infection management.
文摘Objective To study the risk factors of surgical wound infection among the patients in department of abodominal surgery. Methods The factors on surgical wound infection were investigated by retrospective study. The diagnosis standard was based on Diagnosis Standard of Hospital Infection published by Ministry of Health.
文摘目的探讨心脏死亡器官捐献(donation after cardiac death,DCD)供体质量对肝移植术后受体生存率的影响。方法回顾性分析2018年1月至2021年1月解放军总医院第三医学中心DCD肝移植手术患者100例,移植术后进行为期1年的随访调查,观察肝移植受者的生存状态,对相关危险因素加以分析。结果100例肝移植受者术后1年病死率为3%(3/100),其死亡因素与供体冷缺血时间、供体脂肪肝、术中出血量、供体白蛋白及总胆红素水平、肝细胞水肿密切相关(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析发现,供体冷缺血时间≥840 min、脂肪肝是影响肝移植受者生存状态的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。肝移植术后感染率为26%(26/100),其肝移植术后感染率与受体肝功能Child-Pugh评分、术前血红蛋白水平、血小板计数、术中输血量、术后重症监护病房(intensive care unit,ICU)留观时间密切相关(P<0.05)。结论DCD供体质量对肝移植术后受体生存率具有显著影响,供体冷缺血时间、供体脂肪肝对肝移植术后受体生存状态具有重要影响。