Key factors in developing the trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced post-inflammatory irritable bowel syndrome model in rats

AIM:To investigate the key factors in developing the trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid(TNBS)-induced postinflammatory irritable bowel syndrome(PI-IBS)model in rats. METHODS:TNBS was administered to rats at the following conditions:(1)with different doses(20,10,5 mg/0.8 mL per rat);(2)with same dose in different concentrations(20 mg/rat,25,50 mg/mL);(3)in different ethanol percentage(25%,50%);and(4)at depth either 4 cm or 8 cm from anus.At 5 d and 4 wk after TNBS administration,inflammation severity and inflammation resolution were evaluated.At 4 and 8 wk after TNBS application,visceral hyperalgesia and enterochromaffin(EC)cell hyperplasia were assayed by abdominal withdrawal reflex test,silver staining and capillary electrophoresis. RESULTS:Our results showed that:(1)TNBS induced dose-dependent acute inflammation and inflammation resolution.At 5 d post TNBS,the pathological score and myeloperoxidase(MPO)activity in all TNBS treated rats were significantly elevated compared to that of the control(9.48±1.86,8.18±0.67,5.78± 0.77 vs 0,and 3.55±1.11,1.80±0.82,0.97±0.08 unit/mg vs 0.14±0.01 unit/mg,P<0.05).At 4 wk post TNBS,the pathological score in high and median dose TNBS-treated rats were still significantly higher than that of the control(1.52±0.38 and 0.80±0.35 vs 0,P<0.05);(2)Intracolonic TNBS administration position affected the persistence of visceral hyperalgesia.At 4 wk post TNBS,abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR)threshold pressure in all TNBS-treated groups were decreased compared to that of the control(21.52 ±1.73 and 27.10±1.94 mmHg vs 34.44±1.89 mmHg,P<0.05).At 8 wk post TNBS,AWR threshold pressure in 8 cm administration group was still significantly decreased(23.33±1.33 mmHg vs 36.79±2.29 mmHg,P<0.05);(3)Ethanol percentage affected the TNBS-induced inflammation severity and visceral hyperalgesia.In TNBS-25%ethanol-treated group,the pathological score and MPO activity were significantly lowered compared to that of the TNBS-50%ethanoltreated group,while AWR threshold pressure were significantly elevated(36.33±0.61 mmHg vs 23.33±1.33 mmHg,P<0.05);and(4)TNBS(5 mg/0.8 mL per rat, in 50%ethanol,8 cm from anus)-treated rats recovered completely from the inflammation with acquired visceral hyperalgesia and EC cell hyperplasia at 4 wk after TNBS administration.CONCLUSION:TNBS dosage,concentration,intraco-lonic administration position,and ethanol percentage play important roles in developing visceral hyperalgesia and EC cell hyperplasia of TNBS-induced PI-IBS rats.

Effects of Changtai granules, a traditional compound Chinese medicine, on chronic trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis in rats

AIM: To study the effects of Changtai granules (CTG), a traditional compound Chinese medicine, on chronic trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis in rats. METHODS: Healthy adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats of both sexes, weighing 250-300 g, were employed in the present study. The rat colitis models were induced by 2, 4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) enemas at a concentration of 100 mg/kg in 50% ethanol. The experimental animals were randomly divided into dexamethasone (DX) treatment, CTG treatment, and model control groups, which were intracolicly treated daily with DX (0.2 mg/kg), CTG at doses of 2.9, 5.7 and 11.4 g crude drug/kg, and the equal amount of saline respectively from 6 h following induction of the colitis in rats inflicted with TNBS to the end of study. A normal control group of rats treated without TNBS but saline enema was also included in the study. After 3 wk of treatment, the animals were assessed for colonal inflammatory and ulcerative responses with respect to mortality, frequency of diarrhea, histology and myeloperoxidase activity (MPO).RESULTS: The therapeutic effect of CTG on ulcerative colitis (UC) was better than DX. CTG effectively inhibited the activity of granulocytes, macrophages and monocytes in a dosedependent manner. Also it reduced MPO and formation of inflammation in colonic mucosal tissue. Furthermore, administration of CTG significantly prevented body mass loss and death, and decreased frequency of diarrhea in UC rats, when compared with the model control group rats.CONCLUSION: CTG would prove to be an ideal drug for chronic UC, and is warranted to be studied further.

Influence of Shenqing Recipe on Morphology and Quantity of Colonic Interstitial Cells of Cajal in Trinitrobenzene Sulfonic Acid Induced Rat Colitis

Objective To observe the influence of Shenqing Recipe (SQR),a kind of Traditional Chinese Medicine,on the morphology and quantity of colonic interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced rat colitis,and to investigate the possible mechanism of SQR in regulating intestinal dynamics.Methods Sixty rats were randomly divided into normal control,model Ⅰ,model Ⅱ,mesalazine,and high-dose,and low-dose SQR groups with 10 rats in each group.TNBS (10 mg) dissolved in 50% ethanol was instilled into the lumen of the rat colon of the latter five groups to induce colitis.On the 4th day after administration of TNBS,each treatment group was administered one of the following formulations by enteroclysis gavage once a day for 7 days:600 mg·kg-1·d-1 mesalazine,2.4 g·kg-1·d-1 SQR,and 1.2 g·kg-1·d-1 SQR.Model Ⅱ rats received normal saline solution.After 7 days colonic samples were collected.While the colonic samples of model Ⅰ group were collected on the 3rd day after TNBS administered.Ultrastructure of ICC in the damaged colonic tissues was observed with transmission electron microscope.Expression of c-kit protein in colonic tissue was determined by immunohistochemical staining and Western blot.Results The ultrastructure of colonic ICC in the rat model of TNBS-induced colitis showed a severe injury,and administration of SQR or mesalazine reduced the severity of injury.Similarly,the expression of c-kit protein of TNBS-induced colitis rat model was significantly decreased compared with the normal control group (P<0.05).Treatment with SQR or mesalazine significantly increased the expression of c-kit protein compared with the administration of control formulations (P<0.05),especially the high-dose SQR group.Conclusion SQR could alleviate and repair the injured ICC,and improve its quantity,which might be involved in regulating intestinal motility.

Efficacy of Topical versus Oral 5-Aminosalicylate for Treatment of 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzene Sulfonic Acid-induced Ulcerative Colitis in Rats

5-aminosalicylic acid（5-ASA） is drug of choice for the treatment of ulcerative colitis（UC）. In this study, the efficacy of topical versus oral 5-ASA for the treatment of UC was examined as well as the action mechanism of this medication. A flexible tube was inserted into the rat cecum to establish a topical administration model of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid（TNBS）-induced UC. A total of 60 rats were divided into sham operation group（receiving an enema of 0.9% saline solution instead of the TNBS solution via the tube）, model group, topical 5-ASA group, oral Etiasa group（a release agent of mesalazine used as positive control） and oral 5-ASA group（n=12 each）. Different treatments were administered 1 day after UC induction. The normal saline（2 mL） was instilled twice a day through the tube in the sham operation group and model group. 5-ASA was given via the tube in the topical 5-ASA group（7.5 g/L, twice per day, 100 mg/kg）, and rats in the oral Etiasa group and oral 5-ASA group intragastrically received Etiasa（7.5 g/L, twice per day, 100 mg/kg） and 5-ASA（7.5 g/L, twice per day, 100 mg/kg）, respectively. The body weight was recorded every day. After 7 days of treatment, blood samples were drawn from the heart to harvest the sera. Colonic tissues were separated and prepared for pathological and related molecular biological examinations. The concentrations of 5-ASA were detected at different time points in the colonic tissues, feces and sera in different groups by using the high pressure liquid chromatography（HPLC）. The results showed that the symptoms of acute UC, including bloody diarrhea and weight loss, were significantly improved in topical 5-ASA-treated rats. The colonic mucosal damage, both macroscopical and histological, was significantly relieved and the myeloperoxidase activity was markedly decreased in rats topically treated with 5-ASA compared with those treated with oral 5-ASA or Etiasa. The mRNA and protein expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α was down-regulated in the colonic tissue of rats topically treated with 5-ASA, significantly lower than those from rats treated with oral 5-ASA or Etiasa. The concentrations of 5-ASA in the colonic tissue were significantly higher in the topical 5-ASA group than in the oral 5-ASA and oral Etiasa groups. It was concluded that the topical administration of 5-ASA can effectively increase the concentration of 5-ASA in the colonic tissue, decrease the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, alleviate the colonic pathological damage and improve the symptoms of TNBS-induced acute UC in rats.

The Modulatory Effect of Dietary Apostichopus japonicus on Mice with Ulcerative Colitis Induced by Trinitrobenzene Sulfonic Acid

Sea cucumber is a food with nutritional benefits distributing mainly in Asia, and Apostichopus japonicus (A. japonicus) is a kind of sea cucumber whose quality is better than any others. However, different processing methods make various effect on its quality. In this study, we evaluated the protection effect of A. japonicus with different processing methods on mice with ulcerative colitis induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS), especially on the intestinal microflora. The expression of IFN-γ/IL-4 and IL-1β in gut, and intestinal microbiota were discussed. The results revealed that three different processing methods of A. japonicus could decrease the expression of inflammatory cytokines, except for the expression of IFN-γ/IL-4 treated with enzymatic, and dried A. japonicus was the most efficient. A. japonicus could change the microbiotic imblance relatively back to normal in terms of bacterial diversity and composition, meanwhile increase the abundance of Bifidobacteria, Lactobacillus and Clostridium leptum. The elements of protein, polysaccharide in dried, instant, enzymatic A. japonicus are 73.09%, 65.06%, 57.42% and 6.72%, 5.46%, 5.45% respectively. This study indicated that A. japonicus have a good improving effect on ulcerative colitis, especially on the microbiome, and processing methods had an effect on alleviation of ulcerative colitis, which might be associated with content of protein and polysaccharide.

人参皂苷衍生物AD-1通过抑制NLRP3炎症小体活化改善TNBS诱导的小鼠急性IBD

目的:初步探讨人参皂苷衍生物AD-1对三硝基苯磺酸(TNBS)诱导的小鼠急性炎症性肠病(IBD)的影响及相关机制。方法:将6~8周龄的C57BL/6雄性小鼠随机分为正常对照组、乙醇对照组、模型组、治疗组和阳性对照组,后3组于造模前7 d采用1%TNBS乙醇溶液涂抹皮肤进行预敏化处理,造模日采用2.5%TNBS乙醇溶液灌肠建立小鼠急性IBD模型。AD-1和阳性对照药5-ASA于TNBS造模后第2天进行灌胃给药,连续灌胃4 d,第6天处死小鼠。取小鼠结肠,HE染色观察结肠组织的病理变化;RT-PCR和Western blot方法检测小鼠结肠组织的促炎细胞因子、紧密连接蛋白和NLRP3炎症小体的表达水平;ELISA法检测小鼠血清中IL-1β、IL-18水平。结果:AD-1能降低小鼠DAI评分,明显改善TNBS诱导的急性IBD小鼠结肠长度缩短的情况(P<0.01);治疗组小鼠结肠组织炎症病理明显改善,结肠组织促炎细胞因子IL-6、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-18及NLRP3表达水平明显低于模型组(P<0.05或P<0.01);紧密连接蛋白的表达水平高于模型组(P<0.01)。结论:人参皂苷衍生物AD-1可能通过抑制NLRP3炎症小体活化缓解TNBS诱导的小鼠急性IBD。

基于CD40/CD40L探讨重楼总皂苷对TNBS诱导的大鼠急性实验性结肠炎作用机制

目的:探讨重楼总皂苷(rhizomaparidis total saponins,RPTS)对三硝基苯磺酸(2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid,TNBS)诱导的急性实验性结肠炎大鼠炎症与凝血的影响及其作用机制。方法:将50只雄性SPF级SD大鼠,随机分为空白组7只,模型组13只,以及美沙拉嗪组、RPTS低剂量组及RPTS高剂量组,每组各10只。通过TNBS建立大鼠急性实验性结肠炎模型,共14天。实验评估终点生存率、DAI评分、CMDI评分、TDI评分等指标,探究RPTS对大鼠急性实验性结肠炎的量效关系。检测全血细胞及凝血等相关指标;采用ELISA方法检测血浆及肝脏组织中CD40/CD40L指标,采用RT-PCR方法检测结肠组织中IL-1β及TNF-α的m RNA水平。结果:模型组终点生存率76.9%,RPTS低剂量组生存率为100%;RPTS低剂量组DAI、CMDI及TDI评分均较模型组显著降低(P﹤0.05);在肝脏组织中的CD40/CD40L表达水平与模型组比较,美沙拉嗪组及RPTS低剂量组均显著增加(P﹤0.0001);同时,在结肠组织的IL-1βm RNA检测中,与模型组比较,RPTS低剂量组IL-1β mRNA降低(P﹤0.05)。结论:RPTS改善了TNBS诱导急性实验性结肠炎大鼠的症状,具有良好的治疗作用,提高了模型鼠的终点生存率;RPTS低剂量组治疗效果更佳,可能通过激活CD40/CD40L共刺激因子,调控实验性结肠炎大鼠的免疫机制,以缓解疾病的炎症反应。

基于TL1A/DR3探究肠道菌群对TNBS诱导大鼠肠纤维化的作用研究

目的 探究肠道菌群对2,4,6-三硝基苯磺酸(TNBS)诱导的肠纤维化大鼠模型的治疗作用及潜在机制。方法 将24只SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、盐酸林可霉素组(85 mg/kg)和益生菌组(850 mg/kg),除正常对照组和模型组给予等体积生理盐水外,其余组给予相应药物灌胃,每日1次,连续5 d,次日除正常对照组外均采用TNBS诱导大鼠肠纤维化模型,再连续给予相应药物7 d。实验过程中观察大鼠一般行为表现,实验结束后收集结肠标本,进行组织学评分,并采用HE染色和Masson染色观察大鼠结肠组织损伤和纤维化程度,免疫组化检测E-cadherin、α-SMA、TGF-β1等蛋白表达,Western Blot检测TL1A、DR3的蛋白表达情况。结果 与正常对照组相比,模型组大鼠结肠受损,胶原纤维表达增加,提示肠纤维模型成功。盐酸林可霉素组可进一步加重结肠损伤和胶原纤维表达,经益生菌治疗结肠损伤和纤维化均有缓解。与模型组相比,盐酸林可霉素组大鼠TL1A/DR3蛋白表达水平升高(P<0.05),E-cadherin蛋白表达水平降低(P<0.05),α-SMA、TGF-β1蛋白表达水平升高(P<0.05),而益生菌组能够显著降低TL1A/DR3、α-SMA、TGF-β1蛋白表达水平,升高E-cadherin蛋白表达水平。结论 菌群紊乱通过激活TL1A/DR3信号调控结肠组织EMT过程促进纤维化发生,而采取益生菌干预能够缓解结肠纤维化发生。

Effect of Baicalin on TNBS-Induced Colonic Inflammatory Injury in Rats

Objective: The aim is to observe the protective effect of baicalin on trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced experimental colitis in mice and explore its mechanism. Methods: The mice were divided into 4 groups: ethanol control group, TNBS model group, baicalin low-dose group and baicalin high-dose group. The model of experimental colitis in mice was induced by TNBS enema. After 2 hours of TNBS enema, baicalin was given by gavage, QD × 7D. The animals were sacrificed on the 8th day to observe the extent of colonic mucosal damage, and the Peroxidase activity, Malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) contents were measured. Results: Compared with the TNBS model group, the body weight, gross injury score and histological changes were significantly improved;MPO enzyme activity and MDA content were significantly decreased in the low and high-dose baicalin groups;and the content of glutathione increased. Conclusion: Baicalin can alleviate TNBS-induced colitis in mice, and the mechanism is related to the antioxidation of baicalin.

TNBS诱导的草鱼肠炎模型

通过建立草鱼肠道炎症模型，为经济鱼类炎症性肠病发病机理研究及药物筛选提供实验平台。于水温28℃条件下，从草鱼肛门插管注入0．25mL浓度为2．5％的三硝基苯磺酸（TNBS）50％乙醇溶液，诱发草鱼肠炎，注入等体积0．7％生理盐水作为对照，观察草鱼机体损伤程度、肠道组织病理，分析不同肠段组织内髓过氧化物酶（MPO）活性及IL-1β、IL-8和TNF-a等炎性相关基因表达量。病理观察结果显示，实验期间实验鱼未出现死亡现象，经TNBS诱导后出现较严重的肠道炎症，肠灌TNBS后1d，草鱼肠粘膜严重充血溃烂，肠道组织中出现大量炎性细胞浸润；3d后出现腹水，损伤部位招募大量炎性细胞，溃疡开始愈合；7d后炎性细胞逐渐减少，出现杯状细胞，呈慢性炎症；14d时腹水减少，肠粘膜中杯状细胞丰富，21d仅有少量炎性细胞，肠道组织基本恢复正常。TNBS诱导后1d，MPO活性极显著升高，3d后明显下降，至第7天趋于正常，与组织病理变化趋势一致。TNBS致炎后第1天，IL-1β、IL-8和TNF-a等炎性相关基因表达量极显著升高，3d时开始下降，3～14d表达量略高于对照组，急性炎症转为轻微的慢性炎症，21d时基本恢复到正常水平。结果还显示，不同肠段间的炎症反应存在差异，第三、四肠段明显较第一、二肠段严重。本研究构建的草鱼TNBS肠炎模型稳定，可作为鱼类肠炎病理机制研究和新型药物筛选的良好工具。

溃结康胶囊对TNBS诱导大鼠结肠炎治疗作用的研究

目的:探讨溃结康胶囊对TNBS诱导大鼠结肠炎的治疗作用。方法:制备TNBS结肠炎大鼠模型,实验设正常对照组、模型对照组、阳性药物对照组(柳氮磺吡啶, 0. 50g/kg)、溃结康给药组( 0. 64, 0 .32, 0 .16g/kg),采用灌胃方式给药,给药时间从制备模型6d后开始,连续12天。实验结束后观察大鼠结肠粘膜损伤指数(CMDI)、粪便隐血(OB)、髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性和粘膜病理组织学情况,并检测结肠组织丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH- Px)含量;胸腺、脾脏称重。结果:溃结康可减轻TNBS结肠炎大鼠的CMDI和OB程度,降低MPO水平,可改善结肠粘膜病理损伤;并可明显对抗胸腺萎缩和脾脏肿大;同时溃结康可明显降低MDA含量,增加SOD和GSH- Px水平。结论:溃结康对TNBS诱导的大鼠结肠炎有良好的治疗作用,其机理可能与抗炎、免疫调节和抗氧化损伤有关。

日本血吸虫卵抗TNBS诱导的小鼠结肠炎的观察

目的探讨日本血吸虫卵对2,4,6三硝基苯磺酸(TNBS)诱导的小鼠结肠炎的抑制作用。方法50只6～8周龄BALB/c雌性小鼠随机分为正常对照组、乙醇对照组、虫卵对照组、结肠炎组和虫卵免疫结肠炎组,10只/组。虫卵免疫结肠炎组以日本血吸虫卵经腹腔注射免疫小鼠4次,10000个卵/鼠,每次间隔1周,末次免疫后6d用TNBS诱导结肠炎模型。观察对照组和实验组小鼠的体重、结肠病理改变及细胞因子水平的变化。结果结肠炎组小鼠经TNBS诱导后,出现明显的粘液血便、体重下降、结肠充血水肿,肠黏膜呈现严重炎性浸润伴溃疡,IFN-γ水平为(3.47±0.87)ng/ml,IL-4水平为(146.06±45.76)pg/ml。虫卵免疫结肠炎组小鼠症状较轻,体重恢复较快,IFN-γ表达被明显抑制,其水平为(1.53±0.51)ng/ml,IL-4水平显著升高至(598.50±135.90)pg/ml。结论日本血吸虫卵对TNBS诱导的BALB/c小鼠结肠炎具有抑制作用。

肥大细胞和胃肠激素在TNBS所致大鼠溃疡性结肠炎模型中的变化

目的探讨肥大细胞(MC)、胃肠激素在三硝基苯磺酸(TNBS)所致大鼠溃疡性结肠炎模型发病机制中的作用及其相互作用。方法大鼠经肛门按100mg/kg注入TNBS的50%乙醇溶液0.3ml,分别于实验第0、6、11、16、21d处死,行结肠MC计数,采用荧光测定、放免等方法测定血组胺、结肠组织组胺、P物质(SP)、血管活性肠肽(VIP)、生长抑素(SS)含量;采用免疫荧光双染法观察TNBS模型MC与SP、VIP、SS阳性神经纤维关系。结果TNBS模型实验第6d见远段结肠有明显溃疡形成,血组胺含量显著增加(P<0.05),结肠组织组胺浓度显著下降(P<0.05),以后上述指标逐渐恢复正常;实验第16天起MC计数显著增加(P<0.05),并持续至实验第21天,MC分布发生改变,结肠肌层出现MC聚集。实验第11天起SP显著增加(P<0.05),并持续至实验第21天。免疫荧光双染显示TNBS模型各时期远段结肠多数MC与SP、VIP阳性神经纤维紧邻,结肠肌层VIP阳性神经纤维增加,但MC与SP、VIP无共染现象。MC与SS阳性神经纤维无伴行关系。结论MC及其释放的组胺参与了TNBS所致大鼠的肠粘膜损伤过程。SP、VIP分泌异常参与了TNBS所致大鼠UC发病过程。MC与SP、VIP的双向调节机制在TNBS所致大鼠UC发病过程中起重要作用。

穿山龙提取物薯蓣皂苷对TNBS诱导的IBS大鼠VIP表达的作用

目的:探讨血管活性肠肽在三硝基苯磺酸诱导的肠易激综合征大鼠中的表达量及中药穿山龙提取物薯蓣皂苷的干预作用。方法:TNBS诱导大鼠肠易激综合征模型,第2、7、14和28天对大鼠体质量、髓过氧化物酶活力、疼痛阈值、VIP含量进行测定。结果:TNBS诱导的肠易激综合征大鼠体质量降低,髓过氧化物酶活力增加,疼痛阈值降低,模型大鼠中性粒细胞内炎症标记物过氧化物酶的表达比正常大鼠明显升高,证实TNBS处理后诱导了大鼠的炎症,TNBS处理大鼠后血浆VIP浓度比对照组显著增加(P<0.05),穿山龙提取物薯蓣皂苷处理后显著下调。结论:VIP表达的改变在肠易激综合症中可能起着重要作用,穿山龙提取物中药薯蓣皂苷对TNBS诱导的IBS大鼠具有治疗作用。

选择性环氧合酶-2抑制剂PC407对TNBS诱导的大鼠溃疡性结肠炎的治疗作用

目的:观察新型选择性环氧合酶-2抑制剂PC407对2,4,6-三硝基苯磺酸(2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid,TNBS)诱导的大鼠溃疡性结肠炎的疗效并探讨其机制.方法:应用TNBS/乙醇灌肠复制大鼠溃疡性结肠炎模型.实验设正常对照组、模型对照组、塞来昔布阳性对照组(18mg/kg)和PC407治疗组(9,18mg/kg),ig给药,每天1次,共6d,观察稀便出现情况.实验第7天,麻醉大鼠,分离大鼠结肠、脾脏、胸腺,观察各组实验动物体质量变化及结肠组织病理学改变,选用稀便率、结肠指数、溃疡比、胸腺指数和脾脏指数作为衡量治疗效果的指标.采用免疫组织化学方法检测结肠黏膜环氧合酶-2(COX-2)和肿瘤坏死因子α(tumornecrosisfactor-alpha,TNF-α)的变化.结果:与模型组相比,18mg/kgPC407治疗可明显阻止结肠炎大鼠的体质量下降(258.9gvs223.6g,P<0.05),降低稀便发生率(30%vs80%,P<0.01),改善大鼠结肠组织损伤及病理学改变,包括降低结肠指数(5.03±1.26mg/gvs7.60±2.07mg/g,P<0.01)及溃疡比(24.69%±2.83%vs36.13%±9.64%,P<0.01);同时,PC407治疗可对抗结肠炎症引起的胸腺萎缩(1.96±0.48mg/gvs1.08±0.32mg/g,P<0.01)和脾脏肿大(2.85±0.33mg/gvs3.87±0.96mg/g,P<0.01),显著降低结肠炎大鼠结肠黏膜COX-2和TNF-α的阳性表达率(30.6%±7.0%vs67.4%±1.2%,19.5%±3.0%vs52%±4.7%,P<0.01).9mg/kgPC407也可以改善以上指数,只是作用没有18mg/kg明显.结论:PC407对TNBS/乙醇诱导的大鼠溃疡性结肠炎治疗作用良好,其机制可能通过下调COX-2及TNF-α的表达,从而缓解结肠炎症.

己酮可可碱对小鼠TNBS结肠炎的药效学研究

目的观察己酮可可碱(PTX)对小鼠TNBS(三硝基苯磺酸)肠炎的作用。方法通过直肠给予雄性BALB/c小鼠TNBS诱导结肠炎,应用PIX对其进行治疗,6日后收集结肠标本评价结肠炎症程度。结果直肠内给予BALB/c小鼠TNBS后可造成小鼠结肠炎性改变PTX治疗可使小鼠疾病活动指数、结肠重量和炎症指数均显著下降(P <0 0 5 )。结论PTX治疗可使TNBS肠炎模型小鼠肠道炎症减轻。

加味藿香正气软胶囊对TNBS致小鼠结肠炎模型的抗炎作用

目的:研究加味藿香正气软胶囊(Jiawei Huoxiang Zhengqi soft capsule,JWHXZQ)对三硝基苯磺酸(2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid TNBS)诱导小鼠结肠炎模型的抗炎作用及其机制.方法:将50只B a l b/c♀小鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、J W H X Z Q低、中、高剂量(0.234、0.468、0.936 g/kg)组.采用TNBS/乙醇灌肠制作小鼠结肠炎模型,同时开始每天ig给药,连续7 d.每天进行疾病活动指数(disease activity index,DAI)评分,7 d后处死小鼠,对各组小鼠结肠进行组织病理学评分检测血清中NO水平、结肠组织中髓过氧化物酶(myeloperoxidase,MPO)含量及白介素(interleukin,IL)-1β、IL-6、IL-12、肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor,TNF)-α、干扰素(interferon,IFN)-γ等促炎性细胞因子水平.结果:与模型组比较,JWHXZQ中、高剂量组治疗可显著降低TNBS结肠炎小鼠的DAI评分和病理学评分,降低小鼠血清中NO水平,同时还显著降低结肠中MPO含量、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-12和TNF-α等促细胞因子水平;JWHXZQ低剂量组也能显著降低小鼠血清中NO含量、结肠中IL-1β和IL-6水平.结论:JWHXZQ对TNBS诱导的小鼠结肠炎具有一定治疗作用,其机制可能与抑制促炎性细胞因子产生及相关免疫应答通路而发挥作用.

三硝基苯磺酸(TNBS)诱导大鼠胰腺纤维化的病理学演变

目的 观察三硝基苯磺酸(TNBS)胰管内注射诱导大鼠慢性胰腺炎胰腺纤维化过程中的病理演变规律,进一步从病理学角度揭示其发生机制。方法 通过胰管内注射含2％TNBS的乙醇磷酸盐缓冲液诱导大鼠慢性胰腺炎模型,对照组仅注射等体积乙醇磷酸盐缓冲液,并于术后72h、3周、4周、5周、6周、7周处死大鼠。应用光镜、电镜观察不同时间点胰腺组织的病理学变化。结果 2％TNBS胰管注射后早期主要以胰腺组织炎症、水肿,腺泡细胞坏死等改变为主;3周后则以纤维化为主,主要表现为胰腺星状细胞活化和成纤维细胞增生,腺泡萎缩及间质内大量纤维沉积。结论 胰管内注射TNBS引起的慢性胰腺炎的病理改变是基于胰腺实质急性损伤而发生的胰腺组织再生与修复,最终形成胰腺纤维化。

奥扎格雷钠对TNBS诱导的结肠炎大鼠的治疗作用

背景：近期研究证实血小板活化在炎症性肠病（IBD）的发病中起重要作用.目的：探讨血栓烷合成酶抑制剂奥扎格雷钠对三硝基苯磺酸（TNBS）诱导的大鼠结肠炎模型的治疗作用.方法：21只Sprague-Dawley（SD）鼠随机分为结肠炎模型组、地塞米松治疗组、奥扎格雷钠治疗组,每组7只;另取4只大鼠作为正常对照组.TNBS建模后第2～6d分别给予地塞米松、奥扎格雷钠和0.9%NaCl溶液皮下注射,于第7 d处死所有大鼠.检测大鼠体质量改变、结肠重量长度比、结肠大体和病理评分,以放射免疫法检测血浆P-选择素（CD62P）、血栓烷B2（TXB2）和6-酮-前列腺素F（6-k-PGF）1α,化学比色法测定结肠组织髓过氧化物酶（MPO）、丙二醛（MDA）、诱生型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）.结果：地塞米松治疗组和奥扎格雷钠治疗组的肠道病理损伤较结肠炎模型组明显减轻,血浆CD62P、TXB2、TXB2/6-k-PGF1α和结肠组织MPO、MDA、iNOS明显降低（P＜0.05）,血浆6-k-PGF1α水平明显增高（P＜0.05）.结论：奥扎格雷钠可通过抑制血小板活化明显减轻TNBS结肠炎大鼠的肠道炎症损伤,提示抗血小板治疗有望成为IBD新的治疗方法.

不同浓度乙醇对TNBS诱导小鼠克罗恩病模型的影响

建立2,4,6-三硝基苯磺酸(TNBS)小鼠克罗恩病(CD)模型,通过观察小鼠每日表现、存活率、疾病活动指数(DAI)、结肠肉眼观和组织学变化及肠道纤维化情况,筛选出造模所需最佳乙醇浓度。各模型组小鼠均不同程度出现CD的一般表现。随着乙醇浓度增加,小鼠DAI评分、肠道病理及纤维化评分逐渐增高,以TNBS/50%乙醇组最为显著,最类似人类CD病理改变。50%为造模所需最佳乙醇浓度,其配比2.0 mg TNBS诱导的模型成模率高且小鼠生存率适中,较适宜用作CD发病机制研究和新靶点的探索。