Polystyrene （PS）/triphenyl phosphate （TPP） composites were prepared by both suspension polymerization and melt extrusion, and a comparative study of the flame retardance and mechanical properties was carried out. ...Polystyrene （PS）/triphenyl phosphate （TPP） composites were prepared by both suspension polymerization and melt extrusion, and a comparative study of the flame retardance and mechanical properties was carried out. The results showed that suspension polymerization was a better technique than melt extrusion for obtaining good dispersity of the PS/TPP composite. The TPP nanoparticles, which were approximately 50 nm in size, were homogenously and uniformly dispersed in the PS matrix by suspension polymerization in one-step. However, the PS/TPP composite was partially agglomerated, exhibiting irregularly shaped micron-scale particles as a result of melt extrusion. In contrast to the melt extrusion, the limited oxygen index （LOI） of the PS/TPP nanocomposite by suspension polymerization increased to 22.6% from 21.8%, and time to ignition （TTI） increased by 12.3%, the peak heat release rate （PHRR） decreased by 8.5%, and the total heat release （THR） decreased by 11.0%. The mechanical properties of the PS/TPP nanocomposite by suspension polymerization also increased. The tensile strength, elongation at break, and flexural strength increased by 36.4%, 8.5%, and 108%, respectively.展开更多
As an organophosphorus compound that frequently detected in water samples,triphenyl phosphate(TPhP)has been showed to have multiple toxicological effects on aquatic species.However,no attention has been paid to its po...As an organophosphorus compound that frequently detected in water samples,triphenyl phosphate(TPhP)has been showed to have multiple toxicological effects on aquatic species.However,no attention has been paid to its potential impact on non-model amphibian species.Here,tadpoles of the Zhenhai brown frog(Rana zhenhaiensis)were exposed to different concentrations of TPh P(0,0.02 and 0.1 mg/L)throughout the developmental period to assess physiological and meta bolic impacts of TPh P exposure on amphibian larvae.After 30-day TPh P exposure,the developmental stage of tadpoles from the high-concentration treatment appeared to be more advanced than that from the other two treatments,but other measured traits(including body size,tail length and liver weight)did not differ among treatments.Metabolite profiles in tadpole livers based on liquid chromatographymass spectrometry(LC-MS)revealed a distinct metabolic disorder in exposed animals.Specifically,significant changes in various hepatic amino acids(such as glutamine,glutamate,valine and leucine)were observed.Overall,our results indicated that chronic TPhP exposure potentially caused developmental and hepatic physiological changes in R.zhenhaiensis tadpoles,although its impact on tadpole growth appeared to be minor.展开更多
文摘Polystyrene （PS）/triphenyl phosphate （TPP） composites were prepared by both suspension polymerization and melt extrusion, and a comparative study of the flame retardance and mechanical properties was carried out. The results showed that suspension polymerization was a better technique than melt extrusion for obtaining good dispersity of the PS/TPP composite. The TPP nanoparticles, which were approximately 50 nm in size, were homogenously and uniformly dispersed in the PS matrix by suspension polymerization in one-step. However, the PS/TPP composite was partially agglomerated, exhibiting irregularly shaped micron-scale particles as a result of melt extrusion. In contrast to the melt extrusion, the limited oxygen index （LOI） of the PS/TPP nanocomposite by suspension polymerization increased to 22.6% from 21.8%, and time to ignition （TTI） increased by 12.3%, the peak heat release rate （PHRR） decreased by 8.5%, and the total heat release （THR） decreased by 11.0%. The mechanical properties of the PS/TPP nanocomposite by suspension polymerization also increased. The tensile strength, elongation at break, and flexural strength increased by 36.4%, 8.5%, and 108%, respectively.
基金a grant from the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LY15C030006)。
文摘As an organophosphorus compound that frequently detected in water samples,triphenyl phosphate(TPhP)has been showed to have multiple toxicological effects on aquatic species.However,no attention has been paid to its potential impact on non-model amphibian species.Here,tadpoles of the Zhenhai brown frog(Rana zhenhaiensis)were exposed to different concentrations of TPh P(0,0.02 and 0.1 mg/L)throughout the developmental period to assess physiological and meta bolic impacts of TPh P exposure on amphibian larvae.After 30-day TPh P exposure,the developmental stage of tadpoles from the high-concentration treatment appeared to be more advanced than that from the other two treatments,but other measured traits(including body size,tail length and liver weight)did not differ among treatments.Metabolite profiles in tadpole livers based on liquid chromatographymass spectrometry(LC-MS)revealed a distinct metabolic disorder in exposed animals.Specifically,significant changes in various hepatic amino acids(such as glutamine,glutamate,valine and leucine)were observed.Overall,our results indicated that chronic TPhP exposure potentially caused developmental and hepatic physiological changes in R.zhenhaiensis tadpoles,although its impact on tadpole growth appeared to be minor.
