The truffle is a very rare,rich in nutrition,and expensive medicinal and edible fungus,and a large area of truffle is distributed in Europe,Australia,North America,Asia and China.In China,truffle was firstly found in ...The truffle is a very rare,rich in nutrition,and expensive medicinal and edible fungus,and a large area of truffle is distributed in Europe,Australia,North America,Asia and China.In China,truffle was firstly found in Shanxi.Symbiotic plants of truffle such as oak,lime,hazel,pine,poplar,willow,chestnut,etc.are widely distributed in the province.In Shanxi,brown soil as well as climate types and other natural conditions are very suitable for breeding of truffle.Exploiting truffle resources,expanding forest economy,and increasing peasants' income are good ways of making peasants become rich in mountainous areas of Shanxi Province.展开更多
Desert truffle is popular nutritious food that shows high content of protein, fibers, phenolic compounds and health promoting bioactive compounds. The aim of present study is to produce fortified functional biscuits b...Desert truffle is popular nutritious food that shows high content of protein, fibers, phenolic compounds and health promoting bioactive compounds. The aim of present study is to produce fortified functional biscuits by incorporated Dessert Truffle Powder (DTP). The effect of replacing 0 (control), 5%, 10% and 15% of wheat flour with DTP on chemical composition, antioxidant activity, physical properties and sensory characteristics of biscuits was investigated. The results revealed that the crude protein, ash and crude fiber content of prepared biscuits improved with the incorporation of DTP. Phenolic contents of fortified biscuits were increased gradually with increasing the level of DTP addition. Furthermore, all the selected levels of DTP incorporated in prepared biscuits showed a good ability in radical scavenging activity which ranged from 21.52% to 42.11%, compared to 2.08% in case of control biscuit. Data also indicated that replacing 5% and 10% of wheat flour with DTP in biscuit preparation resulted in high significance of spread ratio 8.78 and 8.59, respectively when compared to control biscuit which given 7.53. The lightness (L) and total intensity of biscuits were decreased from 71.19 to 60.31 and from 76.09 to 66.87 with increasing the substitution level of DTP in biscuits from 5% to 15%, respectively. Biscuits incorporated with DTP at up to 10% had the acceptable mean scores by panelists for all sensory attributes. There was no significant difference in overall acceptability of biscuits incorporated with 5% and 10% of DTP which recorded 7.4 and 7.5 and control biscuit 8.2, respectively. Thus, the present study concluded that replacing up to 10% of wheat flour with DTP enhanced the nutritional quality and antioxidant activity with acceptable sensory characteristics of biscuits. So, our study recommends encouraging the bakery products producers to incorporated DTP at 10% in biscuits production.展开更多
Desert truffles are edible mushrooms and they belong to groupe of ascomycetes. In Algeria, we find them in arid and semiarid area. They are represented by two most genuses: Tirmania (white terfez) and Terfezia (red te...Desert truffles are edible mushrooms and they belong to groupe of ascomycetes. In Algeria, we find them in arid and semiarid area. They are represented by two most genuses: Tirmania (white terfez) and Terfezia (red terfez). The aim of our work is to present extraction technics of the bioactive substances from gleba (ascoms) of Tirmania pinoyi (Maire) Malen?on and from the culture filtrate of mycelium of Terfezia claveryi Chatin. Also, we present antifungal and antibacterial activity of these substances in vitro and their identification. There is antifungal activity of different extracts on solid medium, in vitro, against species of Aspergillus, Fusarium, Gliocladium, Candida. Also, there is antibacterial activity against species of Staphylococus, Streptococcus, Bacillus, Enterococcus, Escherichia, and Salmonella. Results show that extracts inhibition varies according to microbial tested species. Bioactive substances of the different extracts were analyzed by GC (gas chromatography)-mass, RMN (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) and infrared in order to determine the chemical identity. Results show that these substances contain pyrazines and cyclic compounds like quinones.展开更多
As the development of the modern economy is increasingly insep-arable from credit support,the traditional credit investigation mode has yet to meet this demand.Because of the difficulties in conventional credit data s...As the development of the modern economy is increasingly insep-arable from credit support,the traditional credit investigation mode has yet to meet this demand.Because of the difficulties in conventional credit data sharing among credit investigation agencies,poor data portability,and centralized supervision,this paper proposes a data-sharing scheme for credit investigation agencies based on a double blockchain.Given the problems such as difficult data sharing,difficult recovery of damaged data,and accessible data leakage between institutions and users with non-traditional credit inves-tigation data other than credit,this paper proposes a data-sharing scheme for credit investigation subjects based on the digital envelope.Based on the above two solutions,this paper designs a double blockchain credit data-sharing plat-form based on the“public chain+alliance chain”from credit investigation agencies’and visiting subjects’perspectives.The sharing platform uses the alliance chain as the management chain to solve the problem of complex data sharing between credit bureaus and centralized supervision,uses the public chain as the use chain to solve the problem of complex data sharing between the access subject and the credit bureaus,uses the interplanetary file system and digital envelope and other technologies to solve the problem of difficult recovery of damaged data,data leakage,and other issues.After the upload test,the average upload speed reaches 80.6 M/s.The average download speed of the system is 88.7 M/s after the download test.The multi-thread stress test tests the linkage port on the system package,and the average response time for the hypertext transfer protocol(HTTP)is 0.6 ms.The system performance and security analysis show that the sharing platform can provide safe and reliable credit-sharing services for organizations and users and high working efficiency.展开更多
Mayamontana coccolobae Castellano,Trappe and Lodge is described for the first time from Mexico and the second time worldwide.It is characterized by the orange,subhypogeous basidiomata and the wrinkled subglobose spore...Mayamontana coccolobae Castellano,Trappe and Lodge is described for the first time from Mexico and the second time worldwide.It is characterized by the orange,subhypogeous basidiomata and the wrinkled subglobose spores with conspicuous hilar appendix.It is not a very common species in the region and is recorded from disturbed lowland forest and urban gardens.Mayamontana coccolobae was only known from the type locality but now extends its geographical distribution to southeast Mexico.展开更多
Although the species Mattiwlomyces terfezioides(≡ Terfezia terfezioides) has been recorded from China several times but it is really rare taxon with important ecological and economic value,the conspecihcity with Euro...Although the species Mattiwlomyces terfezioides(≡ Terfezia terfezioides) has been recorded from China several times but it is really rare taxon with important ecological and economic value,the conspecihcity with European material has never been tested by molecular data.We re-examined three specimens labelled as T.terfezioides,one as T.leonis and one as Terfezia sp.in the herbarium HMAS and obtained five ITS and three LSU sequences.Our morphological observation and DNA sequences show that one specimen(HMAS 83766) labelled as M.terfezioides turns out to be Choiromyces sp.and the other four are M.terfezioides.The ITS and(or) LSU sequences of the Chinese samples are identical with or with 99%similarity to those from the European samples,which fully confirms the presence of M.terfezioides in China.The species is currently known from northern China(Hebei Province,Beijing and Shanxi Province).This study shows that M terfezioides has a Euroasia distribution other than European endemism and such distribution might be explained by the co-occurrence with the potential host tree Robinia pseudoacacia.展开更多
The ascomata and mycorrhizae of Tuber indicum s.l. were collected under the forest of broad-leaf species Populus yunnanensis and Quercus pannosa in the field respectively. The symbiotic relationships of both trees wit...The ascomata and mycorrhizae of Tuber indicum s.l. were collected under the forest of broad-leaf species Populus yunnanensis and Quercus pannosa in the field respectively. The symbiotic relationships of both trees with T. indicum were examined and affirmed based on morphology and ITS-rDNA sequences. These two mycorrhizal combinations were successfully produced on artificially controlled substrates and cultural condition. This is the first report of a mycorrhizal association and synthesis between Chinese black truffles and poplars. A hyphal net covering the mantle’s surface of the mycorrhizae was detected in both mycorrhizal combinations. The mycorrhizal colonization of P. yunnanensis and Q. pannosa suggests that T. indicum s.l. has a broader host range and that additional corresponding wood species would be used as candidates for the cultivation of T. indicum. The nuclear-ITS sequences of the mycorrhizae included in the phylogeny of the T. indicum complex revealed that the two clades within the complex do not markedly differ with respect to their preferences for host species or geographical origin. Our results help to explain the wide distribution of both clades of the T. indicum complex. It would be more important for truffle conservation and Chinese black truffle plantation development with these two dominated & alpestrine Populus yunnanensis and Quercus pannosa at subalpine limestone areas in China.展开更多
A realized Tuber magnatum niche, in the upper Sinni area (Serrapotamo, south Italy), was studied using geographic information system, direct in situ survey and genetic diversity at DNA marker loci. Truffières wer...A realized Tuber magnatum niche, in the upper Sinni area (Serrapotamo, south Italy), was studied using geographic information system, direct in situ survey and genetic diversity at DNA marker loci. Truffières were north facing, associated with a fine loamy-sandy soil bearing high carbonate content over a conglomerate bead-rock substrate. Target area is located in Pavari's cold and medium-cold Lauretum phithoclimatic belts. Ascoma genomic DNA was analyzed and ITS sequences, microsatellites (MA2, MA4 and MA7), along with M13 minisatellite loci, did show low heteozygosity (HE = 0.153). Serrapotamo genotypes did not express localized markers when compared with Piemonte (north Italy) genetic material. ITS marker, monomorphic within T. magnatum, was efficient at distinguishing T. borchii in a mixture of both. Serrapotamo niche represents a unique T. magnatum diversity spot in the southernmost side of the Mediterranean region. Maintaining Serrapotamo T. magnatum diversity by undertaking conservation measures is adviced.展开更多
文摘The truffle is a very rare,rich in nutrition,and expensive medicinal and edible fungus,and a large area of truffle is distributed in Europe,Australia,North America,Asia and China.In China,truffle was firstly found in Shanxi.Symbiotic plants of truffle such as oak,lime,hazel,pine,poplar,willow,chestnut,etc.are widely distributed in the province.In Shanxi,brown soil as well as climate types and other natural conditions are very suitable for breeding of truffle.Exploiting truffle resources,expanding forest economy,and increasing peasants' income are good ways of making peasants become rich in mountainous areas of Shanxi Province.
文摘Desert truffle is popular nutritious food that shows high content of protein, fibers, phenolic compounds and health promoting bioactive compounds. The aim of present study is to produce fortified functional biscuits by incorporated Dessert Truffle Powder (DTP). The effect of replacing 0 (control), 5%, 10% and 15% of wheat flour with DTP on chemical composition, antioxidant activity, physical properties and sensory characteristics of biscuits was investigated. The results revealed that the crude protein, ash and crude fiber content of prepared biscuits improved with the incorporation of DTP. Phenolic contents of fortified biscuits were increased gradually with increasing the level of DTP addition. Furthermore, all the selected levels of DTP incorporated in prepared biscuits showed a good ability in radical scavenging activity which ranged from 21.52% to 42.11%, compared to 2.08% in case of control biscuit. Data also indicated that replacing 5% and 10% of wheat flour with DTP in biscuit preparation resulted in high significance of spread ratio 8.78 and 8.59, respectively when compared to control biscuit which given 7.53. The lightness (L) and total intensity of biscuits were decreased from 71.19 to 60.31 and from 76.09 to 66.87 with increasing the substitution level of DTP in biscuits from 5% to 15%, respectively. Biscuits incorporated with DTP at up to 10% had the acceptable mean scores by panelists for all sensory attributes. There was no significant difference in overall acceptability of biscuits incorporated with 5% and 10% of DTP which recorded 7.4 and 7.5 and control biscuit 8.2, respectively. Thus, the present study concluded that replacing up to 10% of wheat flour with DTP enhanced the nutritional quality and antioxidant activity with acceptable sensory characteristics of biscuits. So, our study recommends encouraging the bakery products producers to incorporated DTP at 10% in biscuits production.
文摘Desert truffles are edible mushrooms and they belong to groupe of ascomycetes. In Algeria, we find them in arid and semiarid area. They are represented by two most genuses: Tirmania (white terfez) and Terfezia (red terfez). The aim of our work is to present extraction technics of the bioactive substances from gleba (ascoms) of Tirmania pinoyi (Maire) Malen?on and from the culture filtrate of mycelium of Terfezia claveryi Chatin. Also, we present antifungal and antibacterial activity of these substances in vitro and their identification. There is antifungal activity of different extracts on solid medium, in vitro, against species of Aspergillus, Fusarium, Gliocladium, Candida. Also, there is antibacterial activity against species of Staphylococus, Streptococcus, Bacillus, Enterococcus, Escherichia, and Salmonella. Results show that extracts inhibition varies according to microbial tested species. Bioactive substances of the different extracts were analyzed by GC (gas chromatography)-mass, RMN (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) and infrared in order to determine the chemical identity. Results show that these substances contain pyrazines and cyclic compounds like quinones.
基金supported in part by the Advanced and High-level Discipline Construction Fund of Universities in Beijing(No.3201023)in part by the Beijing Electronic Science and Technology Institute of Basic Research Funds Outstanding Master Training Project(No.328202233)in part by the National First-class Undergraduate Discipline Construction of”Communication Engineering”and“Electronic Information Engineering,”and in part by the National Cryptography Science Foundation of China.
文摘As the development of the modern economy is increasingly insep-arable from credit support,the traditional credit investigation mode has yet to meet this demand.Because of the difficulties in conventional credit data sharing among credit investigation agencies,poor data portability,and centralized supervision,this paper proposes a data-sharing scheme for credit investigation agencies based on a double blockchain.Given the problems such as difficult data sharing,difficult recovery of damaged data,and accessible data leakage between institutions and users with non-traditional credit inves-tigation data other than credit,this paper proposes a data-sharing scheme for credit investigation subjects based on the digital envelope.Based on the above two solutions,this paper designs a double blockchain credit data-sharing plat-form based on the“public chain+alliance chain”from credit investigation agencies’and visiting subjects’perspectives.The sharing platform uses the alliance chain as the management chain to solve the problem of complex data sharing between credit bureaus and centralized supervision,uses the public chain as the use chain to solve the problem of complex data sharing between the access subject and the credit bureaus,uses the interplanetary file system and digital envelope and other technologies to solve the problem of difficult recovery of damaged data,data leakage,and other issues.After the upload test,the average upload speed reaches 80.6 M/s.The average download speed of the system is 88.7 M/s after the download test.The multi-thread stress test tests the linkage port on the system package,and the average response time for the hypertext transfer protocol(HTTP)is 0.6 ms.The system performance and security analysis show that the sharing platform can provide safe and reliable credit-sharing services for organizations and users and high working efficiency.
文摘Mayamontana coccolobae Castellano,Trappe and Lodge is described for the first time from Mexico and the second time worldwide.It is characterized by the orange,subhypogeous basidiomata and the wrinkled subglobose spores with conspicuous hilar appendix.It is not a very common species in the region and is recorded from disturbed lowland forest and urban gardens.Mayamontana coccolobae was only known from the type locality but now extends its geographical distribution to southeast Mexico.
基金financed by the Joint Funds of the National Science Foundation of China and Yunnan Province Government(No.U1202262)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30470011,31270075)+1 种基金the Local Project Y234011261(Alxa League,Inner Mongolia) and Y21C211211(Kunming,Yunnan Province)Key Laboratory of The Research Group of Systematics&Resources of Higher&Marco-Fungi,Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.0806361121)
文摘Although the species Mattiwlomyces terfezioides(≡ Terfezia terfezioides) has been recorded from China several times but it is really rare taxon with important ecological and economic value,the conspecihcity with European material has never been tested by molecular data.We re-examined three specimens labelled as T.terfezioides,one as T.leonis and one as Terfezia sp.in the herbarium HMAS and obtained five ITS and three LSU sequences.Our morphological observation and DNA sequences show that one specimen(HMAS 83766) labelled as M.terfezioides turns out to be Choiromyces sp.and the other four are M.terfezioides.The ITS and(or) LSU sequences of the Chinese samples are identical with or with 99%similarity to those from the European samples,which fully confirms the presence of M.terfezioides in China.The species is currently known from northern China(Hebei Province,Beijing and Shanxi Province).This study shows that M terfezioides has a Euroasia distribution other than European endemism and such distribution might be explained by the co-occurrence with the potential host tree Robinia pseudoacacia.
文摘The ascomata and mycorrhizae of Tuber indicum s.l. were collected under the forest of broad-leaf species Populus yunnanensis and Quercus pannosa in the field respectively. The symbiotic relationships of both trees with T. indicum were examined and affirmed based on morphology and ITS-rDNA sequences. These two mycorrhizal combinations were successfully produced on artificially controlled substrates and cultural condition. This is the first report of a mycorrhizal association and synthesis between Chinese black truffles and poplars. A hyphal net covering the mantle’s surface of the mycorrhizae was detected in both mycorrhizal combinations. The mycorrhizal colonization of P. yunnanensis and Q. pannosa suggests that T. indicum s.l. has a broader host range and that additional corresponding wood species would be used as candidates for the cultivation of T. indicum. The nuclear-ITS sequences of the mycorrhizae included in the phylogeny of the T. indicum complex revealed that the two clades within the complex do not markedly differ with respect to their preferences for host species or geographical origin. Our results help to explain the wide distribution of both clades of the T. indicum complex. It would be more important for truffle conservation and Chinese black truffle plantation development with these two dominated & alpestrine Populus yunnanensis and Quercus pannosa at subalpine limestone areas in China.
文摘A realized Tuber magnatum niche, in the upper Sinni area (Serrapotamo, south Italy), was studied using geographic information system, direct in situ survey and genetic diversity at DNA marker loci. Truffières were north facing, associated with a fine loamy-sandy soil bearing high carbonate content over a conglomerate bead-rock substrate. Target area is located in Pavari's cold and medium-cold Lauretum phithoclimatic belts. Ascoma genomic DNA was analyzed and ITS sequences, microsatellites (MA2, MA4 and MA7), along with M13 minisatellite loci, did show low heteozygosity (HE = 0.153). Serrapotamo genotypes did not express localized markers when compared with Piemonte (north Italy) genetic material. ITS marker, monomorphic within T. magnatum, was efficient at distinguishing T. borchii in a mixture of both. Serrapotamo niche represents a unique T. magnatum diversity spot in the southernmost side of the Mediterranean region. Maintaining Serrapotamo T. magnatum diversity by undertaking conservation measures is adviced.
