The role of tazarotene-induced gene 1 in carcinogenesis:is it a tumor suppressor gene or an oncogene?

Tazarotene-induced gene 1(TIG1)is induced by a derivative of vitamin A and is known to regulate many important biological processes and control the development of cancer.TIG1 is widely expressed in various tissues;yet in many cancer tissues,it is not expressed because of the methylation of its promoter.Additionally,the expression of TIG1 in cancer cells inhibits their growth and invasion,suggesting that TIG1 acts as a tumor suppressor gene.However,in some cancers,poor prognosis is associated with TIG1 expression,indicating its protumor growth characteristics,especially in promoting the invasion of inflammatory breast cancer cells.This review comprehensively summarizes the roles of the TIG1 gene in cancer development and details the mechanisms through which TIG1 regulates cancer development,with the aim of understanding its various roles in cancer development.

LATS1 Promotes B-ALL Tumorigenesis by Regulating YAP1 Phosphorylation and Subcellular Localization

Objective YAP1 plays a dual role as an oncogene and tumor suppressor gene in several tumors;differentiating between these roles may depend on the YAP1 phosphorylation pattern.The specific function of YAP1 in B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia(B-ALL),however,is currently unclear.Thus,in the present study,the role of YAP1 in B-ALL was investigated using relevant cell lines and patient datasets.Methods The effects of shRNA-mediated knockdown on YAP1 and LATS1 levels in the NALM6 and MOLT-4 cell lines were examined using Western blotting,quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,flow cytometry,immunostaining,and nude mouse subcutaneous tumorigenesis experiments.Gene expression levels of Hippo pathway-related molecules before and after verteporfin(VP)treatment were compared using RNA-Seq to identify significant Hippo pathway-related genes in NALM6 cells.Results Patients with ALL showing high YAP1 expression and low YAP1-Ser127 phosphorylation levels had worse prognoses than those with low YAP1 protein expression and high YAP1-Ser127 phosphorylation levels.YAP1-Ser127 phosphorylation levels were lower in NALM6 cells than in MOLT-4 and control cells;YAP1 was distributed in the nuclei in NALM6 cells.Knockdown of YAP1 inhibited MOLT-4 and NALM6 cell proliferation and arrested the NALM6 cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase.Before and after VP treatment,the expression of the upstream gene LATS1 was upregulated;its overexpression promoted YAP1-Ser127 phosphorylation.Further,YAP1 was distributed in the plasma.Conclusion LATS1 may downregulate YAP1-Ser127 phosphorylation and maintain B-ALL cell function;thus,VP,which targets this axis,may serve as a new therapeutic method for improving the outcomes for B-ALL patients.

Overexpression and mutations of tumor suppressor gene p53 in hepatocellular carcinoma

AIMS To examine the prevalance of p53 mutations in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from Chongqing area and the relationship between the p53 mutations and clinicopathological features of HCC,as well as the risk factors. METHODS The overexpression and point mutations of tumor suppressor gene p53 in 38 cases of HCC were detected by a sensitive antigen retrieval fluid (ARF) immunohistochemical method and polymerase chain re- action(PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP),and single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP)-silver staining analysis. RESULTS The results showed that 16 of 38 HCCs had positive p53 protein (42.1%),7 HCCs had p53 mutation at 249 (18.4 % ) and 2 HCCS had point muta- tion within exon 7 other than 249. Among 9 cases of HCC with mutations,8 cases demonstrated positive p53 protein,its coincidental rate was 88.9%. The overexpression and mutations of p53 were significantly related to the differentiation and metastasis of HCCs. The frequency of p53 mutations was consistent with high prevalence of HBV and a moderate aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) exposure in our area. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that AFB1 acts synergistically with HBV in the generation of p53 mutations. Furthermore,dietary exposure to AFB1 may mainly contribute to the tumor specific mutation at codon 249,while HBV may account for other scattered mutations in HCC.

Aberrant expression of genes and proteins in pterygium and their implications in the pathogenesis

Pterygium is a common ocular surface disease induced by a variety of factors. The exact pathogenesis of pterygium remains unclear. Numbers of genes and proteins are discovered in pterygium and they function differently in the occurrence and development of this disease. We searched the Web of Science and PubMed throughout history for literatures about the subject. The keywords we used contain pterygium, gene, protein, angiogenesis, fibrosis, proliferation, inflammation, pathogenesis and therapy. In this review, we summarize the aberrant expression of a range of genes and proteins in pterygium compared with normal conjunctiva or cornea, including growth factors, matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of mefalloproteinases, interleukins, tumor suppressor genes, proliferation related proteins, apoptosis related proteins, cell adhesion molecules, extracellular matrix proteins, heat shock proteins and tight junction proteins. We illustrate their possible mechanisms in the pathogenesis of pterygium as well as the related intervention based on them for pterygium therapy.

Science Letters:IGFBP7 plays a potential tumor suppressor role against colorectal carcinogenesis with its expression associated with DNA hypomethylation of exon 1

Insulin-like growth factor binding-protein-7 （IGFBP7） was obtained from our previous colonic adenocarcinoma （CRC） and normal mucosa suppression subtraction hybridization （SSH） cDNA libraries. By RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, we found that IGFBP7 was overexpressed in CRC tissue compared to normal tissue. However, our in vitro experiments performed in 10 CRC cell lines showed that IGFBP7 expressed only in SW480 and Caco2 cell lines, which implied an underlying reversible regulatory mechanism. Using methylation-specific PCR （MSP） and bisulfite sodium PCR （BSP）, we found that its expression was associated with DNA hypomethylation of exonl. This was further supported by the in vitro study which showed restored IGFBP7 expression after demethylation agent 5-aza-2＇-deoxycytidine treatment. Correlation analysis between IGFBP7 expression and prognosis indicated that overexpression of IGFBP7 in CRC tissue correlated with favourable survival. Investigation of the functional role of IGFBP7 through transfection studies showed that IGFBP7 protein could inhibit growth rate, decrease colony formation activity, and induce apoptosis in RKO and SW620 cells, suggesting it a potential tumor suppressor protein in colorectal carcinogenesis. In conclusion, our study clearly demonstrated that IGFBP7 plays a potential tumor suppressor role against colorectal carcinogenesis and its expression is associated with DNA hypomethylation of exon 1.

Alteration of tumor suppressor gene p16 and Rb in gastric cancinogesis

IM To study the alterations of tumor suppressor gene p16 and Rb in the carcinogenesis of the stomach. METHODS Different mucosal biopsies were endoscopically obtained, all samples were immediately fixed with 10% buffered formalin, embedded with paraffin and sectioned serielly. Alterations of p16 and Rb protein in 12 cases of superficial gastritis, 15 atrophic gastritis, 20 atypical hyperplasia and 40 cancerous tissues were detected by the immunohistochemical method (ABC). RESULTS Different degrees of nuclear immunostaining of p16 and Rb occurred on gastric epithelium in different stages of lesions. With the lesions progressing, the positive immunostaining rate of p16 protein had a decreasing tendency (833%→733%→300%→275%), and on the other hand, that of Rb protein had an increasing tendency (250%→467%→600%→675%). A negative correlationship was found between these two parameters in the gastric cancer. Of 40 cases of gastric cancer, a negative relationship was observed in 20 cases. In comparison with both positive (9 cases) and both negative tissues (11 cases), there was a significant difference (500%,225%,275%) (P<005).CONCLUSION Abnormal expression of p16 and Rb plays an important role in gastric carcinogenesis.

Prokaryotic expression, purification of a novel candidate tumor suppressor gene FUS1 and characterization of its polyclonal antibodies

FUS1 is a novel candidate tumor suppressor gene identified in human chromosome 3p21.3. Its expression showed significantly reduction or even loss in lung cancer and other types of cancers. In order to further investigate the biological function of FUS1 protein, FUS1 cDNA from MRC-5 cells was amplified by RT-PCR and cloned into prokaryotic expression vector pQE-30. The recombinant expression plasmids were transformed into M15 strain and grown at 20℃ or 37℃. SDS–PAGE analysis revealed that the accumulation of the recombinant protein FUS1 (rFUS1) in inclusion body forms reached maxium amount when induced with 0.5 mM IPTG for 5 h at 37℃. The inclusion bodies were solubilized in 2M urea and purified by a 6 &#215;His tagged affinity column under denaturing condition. The purified rFUS1 was identified by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and tested for purity by HPLC chromatography. The purified rFUS1 proteins were then used to immunize rabbits to obtain anti-human FUS1 polyclonal antibodies, which were suitable to detect both the recombinant exogenous FUS1 and the endogenous FUS1 from tissues and cells by western blot and immunohistochemistry, Available purified rFUS1 proteins and self-prepared polyclonal antibodies against FUS1 may provide effective tools for further studies on biological function and application of FUS1.

Function of apoptosis and expression of the proteins Bcl-2,p53 and C-myc in the development of gastric cancer

INTRODUCTIONIn China ,the incidence and mortality of gastric cancer rank the second among all cancers. Recent development of cancer [1-20].The aim of this study was investigat the insight of apoptosis and bcl-2, p53 and C-myc protein expression in the development of gastric cancer .

AU-rich element-binding proteins in colorectal cancer

Trans-acting factors controlling mRNA fate are critical for the post-transcriptional regulation of inflammation-related genes, as well as for oncogene and tumor suppressor expression in human cancers. Among them, a group of RNA-binding proteins called "Adenylate-Uridylate-rich elements binding proteins"(AUBPs)control mRNA stability or translation through their binding to AU-rich elements enriched in the 3'UTRs of inflammation-and cancer-associated mRNA transcripts. AUBPs play a central role in the recruitment of target mRNAs into small cytoplasmic foci called Processing-bodies and stress granules(also known as P-body/SG). Alterations in the expression and activities of AUBPs and Pbody/SG assembly have been observed to occur with colorectal cancer(CRC)progression, indicating the significant role AUBP-dependent post-transcriptional regulation plays in controlling gene expression during CRC tumorigenesis.Accordingly, these alterations contribute to the pathological expression of many early-response genes involved in prostaglandin biosynthesis and inflammation,along with key oncogenic pathways. In this review, we summarize the current role of these proteins in CRC development. CRC remains a major cause of cancer mortality worldwide and, therefore, targeting these AUBPs to restore efficient post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression may represent an appealing therapeutic strategy.

Aberrant methylation of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine gene and its significance in gastric cancer

BACKGROUND Aberrant methylation in DNA regulatory regions could downregulate tumor suppressor genes without changing the sequences.However,our knowledge of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine(SPARC)and its aberrant methylation in gastric cancer(GC)is still inadequate.In the present research,we performed fundamental research to clarify the precise function of methylation on SPARC and its significance in GC.AIM To investigate promoter methylation and the effects of the SPARC gene in GC cells and tissues and to evaluate its clinical significance.METHODS Plasmids that overexpressed the SPARC gene were transfected into human GC BGC-823 cells;non-transfected cells were used as a control group(NC group).Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting(WB)were then used to detect the expression of SPARC.Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction was executed to analyze the gene promoter methylation status.Cell viability was measured by the cell counting kit-8 assay.The migration and invasion ability of cells were detected by scratch assays and transwell chamber assays,respectively.Cell cycle events and apoptosis were observed with a flow cytometer.RESULTS The expression of SPARC mRNA in GC tissues and cells was significantly lower and showed differing degrees of hypermethylation,respectively,than that in normal adjacent tissues and control cells.Treatment with 5-Aza-2’-deoxycytidine(5-Aza-Cdr)was able to restore the expression of SPARC and reverse promoter hypermethylation.Overexpression of the SPARC gene significantly inhibited proliferation,migration,and invasion of GC cells,while also causing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis;the NC group exhibited the opposite effects.CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that SPARC could function as a tumor suppressor and might be silenced by promoter hypermethylation.Furthermore,in GC cells,SPARC inhibited migration,invasion,and proliferation,caused cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase,and promoted apoptosis.

Altered expression of nuclear matrix proteins in etoposide induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells

The events of cell death and the expression of nuclear matrix protein (NMP) have been investigated in a promyelocytic leukemic cell line HL-60 induced with etoposide. By means of TUNEL assay, the nuclei displayed a characteristic morphology change, and the amount of apoptotic cells increased early and reached maximun about 39% after treatment with etoposide for 2 h. Nucleosomal DNA fragmentation was observed after treatment for 4 h. The morphological change of HL-60 cells, thus, occurred earlier than the appearance of DNA ladder. Total nuclear matrix proteins were analyzed by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Differential expression of 59 nuclear matrix proteins was found in 4 h etoposide treated cells. Western blotting was then performed on three nuclear matrix acssociated proteins, PML, HSC70 and NuMA. The expression of the suppressor PML protein and heat shock protein HSC70 were significantly upregulated after etoposide treatment, while NuMA, a nuclear mitotic apparatus protein, was down regulated. These results demonstrate that significant biochemical alterations in nuclear matrix proteins take place during the apoptotic process.

肺癌组织和外周血中p53、PGP9.5、SOX2、GAGE7、GBU4-5和MAGE A1蛋白水平检测及其临床价值探讨

背景与目的:肺癌发病机制具有多样性,但一经确认,往往已错过最佳治疗时机,本文通过探讨肺癌组织和外周血中抑癌基因(p53)、蛋白基因产物(PGP9.5)、转录因子(SOX2)、肿瘤相关基因编码蛋白(GAGE7)、解旋酶(GBU4-5)和黑色素瘤抗原(MAGE A1)蛋白水平的相关性,同时分析其在肺癌诊疗中的应用价值。方法:回顾并分析2018年5月—2020年5月在复旦大学附属肿瘤医院确诊的100例肺癌患者的病历资料,临床TNM分期Ⅰ期25例,Ⅱ期45例,Ⅲa期30例;非小细胞肺癌80例,小细胞肺癌20例;取手术切除的肿瘤组织和癌旁组织,采用免疫组织化学染色法检测上述6种蛋白的水平,采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction,RTFQ-PCR)法检测其基因表达,采用酶联免疫吸附实验(enzyme-linkedimmunosorbentassay,ELISA)检测外周血中6种蛋白的抗体阳性情况。结果:肿瘤组织中p53、PGP9.5、SOX2、GAGE7、GBU4-5和MAGE A1蛋白的阳性率和基因表达水平均明显高于癌旁组织(P<0.05);将其与肿瘤的临床病理学特征进行相关分析发现,肿瘤组织和外周血中的p53、PGP9.5、SOX2、GAGE7、GBU4-5和MAGE A1蛋白的阳性率和基因表达水平与肿瘤TNM分期和分化级别有关(P<0.05),而与患者性别、年龄、肿瘤直径、病理学类型无关(P>0.05)。肿瘤组织中6种蛋白的表达水平与外周血清表达具有较好的一致性(P>0.05)。结论:肺癌肿瘤组织和外周血中p53、PGP9.5、SOX2、GAGE7、GBU4-5和MAGE A1蛋白表达阳性与肿瘤TNM分期及分化级别密切相关。

Potential effect of hepatitis C Virus non-structural protein 4B on liver carcinogenesis

Objective：To investigate the effect of hepatitis C virus non-structural protein 4B（HCV NS4B） on c-Myc, P53, ras gene expression＂ and apoptosis in hepatic cells and study the possible role that NS4B played in the carcinogenesis of heparoma. Methods： The recombinant plasmid（PCXN2-NS4B, PCXN2-P53） and the empty, vector were transfected or co-transfected into Chang liver cells with liposome. Screening was performed with G418. Plasmid mRNA was detected by RT-PCR. The pro rein expressions of c-Myc and ras genes were analyzed by immunocytochemistry. The expressions of wild-type P53 （wtp53） gene were detected by in situ hybridization. TUNEL（flow cytometry） was used for assessing the rate of apoptosis. Results：No expression of c-Myc gene was found in PCXN2 group. The expression of c-Myc gene in NS4B group was 21.3% ＋ 1.2%. The ex pression of ras gene in PCXN2 group was lower than that in NS4B group. Compared with PCXN2 group, the expression of P53 mRNA was not promoted or inhibited in NS4B group. But the expression of P53 mRNA in NS4B-P53 group was lower than that in P53 group. In PCXN2, NS4B, P53 and NS4B-P53 group, the rates of apoptosis were 17.02% ± 1.24%, 11.94% ± 2.24%, 25.84% ± 3.49% and 18.34% ± 1.55% respectively. Conclusion ：HCV NS4B induces the expression of c-Myc and ras gene. HCV NS4B may play a role in the inhibition of cell death through P53-dependent manner. Results from this study suggested that HCV NS4B might contribute to the viral carcinogenesis.

虎杖苷调节Akt/MDM2/p53信号通路对胆囊癌细胞增殖、迁移和细胞周期的影响

目的探讨虎杖苷(PD)调节蛋白激酶B/原癌基因MDM2/抑癌基因p53信号通路对胆囊癌细胞增殖、迁移和细胞周期的影响。方法以人胆囊癌细胞株(GBC-SD)为研究对象,体外培养人胆囊癌细胞株(GBC-SD),使用浓度为10~160 mmol/L的虎杖苷处理细胞24、48、72 h,采用CCK-8法检测细胞的增殖能力,确定最佳实验浓度。将GBC-SD细胞分为对照组(Control组)、虎杖苷低、中、高浓度组(PD-L组、PD-M组、PD-H组)、虎杖苷+Akt激活剂组(PD+SC79组),Transwell小室法评价细胞的迁移能力,Hoechst染色观察细胞的凋亡,流式细胞术检测细胞周期与细胞凋亡,Western blot检测Akt、MDM2、p53磷酸化水平,建立荷瘤小鼠模型评价虎杖苷对胆囊癌肿瘤生长的影响。结果浓度为10~160 mmol/L的虎杖苷处理细胞24 h,可显著抑制GBC-SD细胞的增殖活性,选择10、20、40 mmol/L的虎杖苷进行后续实验;与Control组比较,PD-L组、PD-M组、PD-H组GBC-SD细胞的迁移数、细胞凋亡率、G2/M期细胞比例及S期细胞比例、P-Akt、P-MDM2蛋白表达显著降低,G0/G1期细胞比例、P-p53蛋白表达显著升高,且呈浓度依赖性(P<0.05);与PD-H组比较,PD+SC79组GBC-SD细胞的迁移数、细胞凋亡率、G2/M期细胞比例及S期细胞比例、P-Akt、P-MDM2蛋白表达显著升高,G0/G1期细胞比例、P-p53蛋白表达显著降低(P<0.05);虎杖苷干预治疗后,小鼠移植瘤的生长速度显著降低(P<0.05)。结论虎杖苷可以通过调节Akt/MDM2/p53信号通路使细胞周期阻滞,抑制胆囊癌细胞增殖、迁移。

温针灸对膝骨关节炎大鼠P53、Map2k3和PGE_2的影响

目的通过观察温针灸对KOA大鼠肿瘤抑制蛋白P53(P53)、促分裂原活化蛋白激酶3(Map2k3)mRNA和前列腺素E_2(PGE_2)蛋白含量的影响,探讨温针灸治疗KOA的可能机制。方法将28只健康的雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、药物组和温针灸组,每组7只。正常组常规饲养,余3组大鼠采用关节腔注射木瓜蛋白酶papain联合强迫运动造模处理。造模成功后,温针灸组大鼠选用双侧"膝前穴";药物组大鼠予美洛昔康药物治疗。治疗结束后通过HE染色观察大鼠滑膜组织形态学变化,ELISA检测大鼠血清PGE_2蛋白含量,实时荧光定量PCR法检测滑膜组织中P53和Map2k3 mRNA的表达情况。结果HE染色结果显示与正常组相比,模型组可见明显的炎性细胞浸润,药物组可见少量炎性细胞、部分脂肪细胞和增生的血管,温针灸组可见少量炎性细胞散在分布。与正常组比较,模型组、药物组和温针灸组大鼠血清PGE_2含量、滑膜组织P53 mRNA表达显著升高(P<0.01);与模型组比较,温针灸组、药物组血清PGE_2蛋白含量、滑膜组织P53 mRNA表达水平明显降低(P<0.05);温针灸组与药物组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。各组大鼠滑膜组织中Map2k3 mRNA表达比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论温针灸在一定程度上可以减少滑膜组织炎性细胞数量,通过降低PGE_2的含量抑制炎性反应。温针灸能够降低KOA大鼠滑膜组织P53 mRNA的异常高表达。

SEM1和PI3K/Akt信号通路与肿瘤关系的研究进展

SEM1在多种类型肿瘤中高表达,可促进肿瘤进展;磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(PKB/Akt)信号通路在肿瘤的发生发展中也发挥重要作用,SEM1可能通过PI3K/Akt信号通路调控肿瘤的发生发展。因此,深入研究SEM1和PI3K/Akt信号通路在肿瘤中的作用机制、SEM1通过激活PI3K/Akt信号通路调控肿瘤发生发展的过程,寻找新的肿瘤标志物,可改善肿瘤治疗现状,为疾病的治疗提供新思路。

CTNNB1、TP53蛋白在儿童肝母细胞瘤组织中的表达及与病理特征、预后的关系

目的 探讨钙黏蛋白相关蛋白(cadherin associated protein beta 1,CTNNB1)、肿瘤抑制因子P53(tumor suppressor factor P53,TP53)蛋白在儿童肝母细胞瘤(hepatoblastoma, HB)组织中的表达及与病理特征、预后的关系。方法 选取2017-06/2020-06月作者医院收治的72例HB患儿为研究对象,手术留取癌组织标本及对应的癌旁组织。连续随访3年,记录患儿的预后生存情况,并计算总生存率(overall survival, OS)。采用免疫组织化学法检测CTNNB1、TP53蛋白在HB患儿癌组织及癌旁组织中的表达情况;采用χ~2检验分析CTNNB1、TP53蛋白表达与HB患儿临床病理特征的关系;采用多因素Cox回归分析探讨HB患儿预后的影响因素。结果 HB患儿癌组织中CTNNB1阳性表达率(76.39%)高于对照组(43.06%),TP53阴性表达率(70.83%)高于对照组(38.89%)(P均<0.05)。初诊甲胎蛋白浓度≥100μg/L、POST-TEXT分期Ⅲ~Ⅳ期、肿瘤直径≥3 cm、有肿瘤侵袭或转移HB患儿的CTNNB1阳性表达率、TP53阴性表达率高于初诊甲胎蛋白<100μg/L、POST-TEXT分期Ⅰ~Ⅱ期、肿瘤直径<3 cm、无肿瘤侵袭或转移HB患儿(P均<0.05)。初诊甲胎蛋白≥100μg/L、POST-TEXT分期Ⅲ~Ⅳ期、有肿瘤侵袭或转移、CTNNB1阳性表达、TP53阴性表达的HB患儿3年OS低于初诊甲胎蛋白<100μg/L、POST-TEXT分期Ⅰ~Ⅱ期、无肿瘤侵袭或转移、CTNNB1阴性表达、TP53阳性表达的HB患儿(P均<0.05)。多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,POST-TEXT分期Ⅲ~Ⅳ期(HR=2.077,95%CI:1.423~3.032)、有肿瘤侵袭或转移(HR=2.291,95%CI:1.536~3.417)、CTNNB1阳性表达(HR=2.757,95%CI:1.781~4.268)、TP53阴性表达(HR=2.477,95%CI:1.635~3.753)是HB患儿预后的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 HB患儿癌组织中CTNNB1主要呈阳性表达,而TP53主要呈阴性表达,二者与初诊甲胎蛋白、POST-TEXT分期、肿瘤直径、有肿瘤侵袭或转移密切相关,有望作为评估HB患儿预后的生物学指标。

铁死亡抑制蛋白1在肿瘤中的作用

铁死亡抑制蛋白1(FSP1)是铁死亡过程中的关键抑制因子,能够阻止细胞死亡,具有重要的生物学功能和潜在的临床应用价值。本研究详细探讨了FSP1的发现背景、基因定位与结构特性,以及其在抑制铁死亡和促进细胞凋亡中的双重作用。临床研究已经开发出针对FSP1的抑制剂,如铁死亡抑制蛋白1抑制剂(iFSP1)和相分离诱导型铁死亡抑制蛋白1抑制剂(icFSP1),未来的研究将进一步探讨FSP1的表达调控机制、与肿瘤免疫逃逸的关联以及其作为肿瘤预后和治疗反应监测指标的潜力。

三阴性乳腺癌EGFR、Ki-67、P53及CTC表达与预后的关系研究

目的探讨三阴性乳腺癌表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)、细胞核增殖相关抗原Ki-67(Ki-67)、P53及循环肿瘤细胞(CTC)表达与预后的关系。方法选取95例三阴性乳腺癌患者,免疫组化检测病理组织标本中EGFR、Ki-67、P53表达;所有患者接受8个周期化疗,采用膜滤过分离肿瘤细胞技术(ISET)检测化疗前后的CTC表达,并分析化疗前后CTC表达与化疗疗效的关系;分析CTC与EGFR、Ki-67、P53表达的关联性;随访患者无进展生存期(PFS),采用COX回归分析三阴性乳腺癌进展的危险因素。结果EGFR、Ki-67、P53阳性检出率分别为44.21%(42/95)、63.16%(60/95)、56.84%(54/95);化疗后患者的CTC阳性检出率(14.74%)低于化疗前(61.05%,P<0.05);化疗疗效与化疗后CTC阳性表达呈负相关(P<0.001);COX回归分析显示,临床分期为Ⅲ期、EGFR阳性、化疗后CTC阳性是三阴性乳腺癌进展的独立危险因素(P<0.05);不同临床分期患者PFS比较,Ⅰ期>Ⅱ期>Ⅲ期,EGFR阳性患者PFS短于阴性患者,化疗后CTC阳性患者PFS短于阴性患者(P<0.05)。结论化疗前EGFR阳性表达、化疗后CTC阳性表达与三阴性乳腺癌患者预后差有关,化疗后CTC阳性率越低患者化疗疗效越好。

组蛋白H2A去泛素化酶BAP1对恶性胶质瘤细胞发生发展的作用及临床应用价值研究

目的探索乳腺癌/卵巢癌易感基因1相关蛋白1(breast/ovarian cancer susceptibility gene 1 associated protein 1,BAP1)对人源恶性胶质瘤发生、发展的作用与BAP1作为恶性胶质瘤临床诊断标志物的可行性。方法基于基因表达综合数据库(gene expression omnibus,GEO)的子数据集GSE4290,GSE90598,分析BAP1在正常组织及胶质瘤组织中的差异性表达情况;受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线分析BAP1对恶性胶质瘤的早期诊断价值;选取自主收集的非配对28例恶性胶质瘤患者的原发灶组织、5例颅脑外伤患者内减压术切除的非瘤脑组织,采用实时荧光定量PCR(quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,qRT-PCR)检测BAP1的表达水平;利用靶向BAP1的特异性小干扰RNAs(small interfering RNAs,siRNAs)瞬时转染U251细胞系,进一步检测其干涉效率;基于流式细胞仪分析BAP1下调的U251细胞系,其细胞周期、凋亡的变化情况。结果生物信息学结果显示,BAP1在恶性胶质瘤组织中的表达水平均低于正常脑组织(GSE4290:1209±18.49 vs 1476±53.90;GSE90598:5.19±0.10 vs 5.65±0.21),差异具有统计学意义(t=5.115,2.267,均P<0.05)。ROC曲线显示,BAP1可高效区分恶性胶质瘤组织与正常脑组织(GSE4290:AUC=0.78;GSE90598:AUC=0.75,均P<0.05)。临床标本结果显示,BAP1在恶性胶质瘤原发灶组织中的表达水平显著低于非瘤脑组织(0.27±0.04 vs 1.06±0.07),差异具有统计学意义(t=10.22,P<0.001)。在U251细胞系中下调BAP1的表达,其细胞周期中S期细胞比例明显增多,由17.59%分别增至27.21%(siBAP1-1)和25.79%(siBAP1-2),差异具有统计学意义(t=6.576,6.642,均P<0.01),而细胞凋亡水平则有所下降,由10.17%分别降至2.70%(siBAP-1)和3.00%(siBAP-2),差异具有统计学意义(t=10.31,9.428,均P<0.01)。结论组蛋白H2A去泛素化酶BAP1能够通过抑制恶性胶质瘤细胞周期快速进展并促进其凋亡,进而发挥肿瘤抑癌基因的功能,可作为潜在的恶性胶质瘤临床诊断标志物。