Establishment of a Tumor-bearing Mouse Model Stably Expressing Human Tumor Antigens Survivin and MUC1 VNTRs

The eukaryotic vectors VR1012 expressing survivin or 33 tandem repeats of human mucin 1（MUC1）（VNTRs）,namely,VR1012-S and VR1012-VNTR（VNTR=variable number of tandem repeat）,were constructed by cloning survivin and VNTR genes into VR1012,respectively.The eukaryotic vector pEGFP expressing survivin and MUC1 VNTRs fusion gene pEGFP-MS was also constructed.Mouse melanoma cell line（B16） stably expressing survivin and MUC1 VNTRs（MS ＋ B16） was established by Lipofectamine-mediated transfection of pEGFP-MS into B16 cells.EGFP expression in MS ＋ B16 cells was observed using a fluorescent microscope and survivin and MUC1 VNTRs（MS） expression was confirmed by means of Western blot analysis.A syngenic graft tumor model was generated by subcutaneous injection of MS ＋ B16 cells into C57/BL6 mice and tumor size increased rapidly with time in a cell number dependent manner.After the third immunization,mice were challenged subcutaneously with 5×l0 5 MS ＋ B16 cells.Compared with that of the negative control immunized with phosphate-buffered saline（PBS）,a significant reduction of tumor growth was observed in groups immunized with survivin plasmid DNA and MUC1 VNTRs plasmid DNA.Thus,the suppression of subcutaneous tumor was antigen-specific.This model is useful for the development of tumor vaccines targeting survivin and MUCI VNTRs.

Tumor antigen and MHC expression in glioma cells for immunotherapeutic interventions

AIM: To investigate the expression of tumor-antigens and major histocompatibility complex(MHC)-machinery components in glioblastoma multiforme cell lines flow cytometry staining methods were applied.METHODS: Ten GBM cell lines(three commercially available: U-87 MG, U-138-MG and GMS-10 as well as seven newly established cell lines from individual patients in low-passages: HROG02, HROG04, HROG05, HROG06, HROG10, HROG13 and HROG17) were analyzed for expression of(Ⅰ) general and(Ⅱ) GBMrelated tumor antigens as well as of(Ⅲ) components of the MHC machinery by flow cytometry.RESULTS: All cell lines expressed MHC class?Ⅰ?with seven out of the ten being HLA-A02 positive. Four of the seven primary cell lines additionally expressedMHC class Ⅱ in a constitutive manner. Of note, after interferon gamma(IFN-γ) treatment, all seven cell lines expressed MHC class Ⅱ. The tumor associated antigens(TAA) EGFR and survivin were expressed at high levels in all cell lines; whereas MART-1, RHAMM, WT-1 and IL-13Rα were expressed by at least half of the cell lines and HER2/neu, MAGE-1 and tyrosinase were expressed only by few cell lines. However, all cell lines expressed at least two of the candidate antigens included into this analysis.CONCLUSION: No obvious differences between commercially available and newly-established cell lines were observed. Thus, the latter in low-passages are interesting for(therapy-) screening and immunotherapeutic strategies.

An experimental study on the expression of SV40 large tumor antigen in human brain tumors

Objective: To study the role of SV40 early region gene coding product large tumor antigen(Tag) expression and the interaction between Tag and tumor suppressors p53 and pRb in human brain tumorigenesis. Methods: Tag was investigated by immunoprecipitation followed by silver staining and Western blot in 65 cases of human brain tumors and 8 cases of normal brain tissues. Tag-p53 and Tag-pRb complexes were screened by immunoprecipitation and Western blot in 18 and 15 Tag positive tumor tissues respectively. Results: SV40 Tag was expressed generally in human brain tumors, its positive rate was 66. 2% (43 /65). However, Eight normal brain tissues were all negative for Tag, there was significant difference between them(P < 0. 05). Tag-p53 complex was detected in all of 18 Tag positive tumors as well as Tag-pRb complex in all of 15 Tag positive tumors. Conclnsion: SV40 Tag expression is associated with human brain tumorigenesis. The inactivation of p53 and pRh due to the formation of Tag-p53 and Tag-pRb complexes is possibly an important mechanism in the etiopathogenesis of human brain tumors.

Tumor-Specific Histo-Blood Group Antigens: Apropos of Two Cases

Cancer cells with immunogenic properties having altered protein glycosylation, modified blood group substances have been widely studied. Due to the genetic instability occurring during carcinogenesis the glycosyltransferases may suffer from posttranslation sequence modification. The author describes 2 autopsy cases, where in the background of the unusual metastatic tumor presentation, incompatible blood group antigenic determinants have been demonstrated using blood group specific lectins and monoclonal antibodies (mAb). In the first case, reported here, a 10-year-old girl developed an acute myeloid leukemia and died in a septic endotoxin shock after successful cytostatic treatment of a juvenile signet ring cell cancer of her colon. At autopsy there were no signs of tumor except bilateral apple-sized mucinous ovarian (Krukenberg) metastases. While she had erythrocyte phenotype of blood group A, the signet ring adenocarcinoma cells expressed blood group B incompatible antigenic determinants with lectin/mAb. In the second case, the autopsy of a 78-year-old female resulted in no macroscopic tumor sign except a moderately enlarged, ham hard spleen. Light microscopy revealed adenocarcinomatous infiltration in the splenic sinusoids. The patient had blood group O, while the metastatic cells in the spleen reacted with Breast Carcinoma Antigen (BioGenex) and incompatible anti-B Banderiaeasimplicifolia agglutinin I and anti-B mAb. It proved to be a case of an occult, completely regressed breast cancer. Based on these observations the expression of tumor specific incompatible blood group antigens might occur from time to time, mostly in adenocarcinomas. Accordingly, blood group-based specific immuno-oncotherapy could be considered in some cancer cases.

SIGNIFICANCE OF EXPRESS OF SOME NONHORMONAL ANTIGENS IN PANCREATIC ENDOCRINE TUMORS

Objective: To study the express of some nonhormonal antigens in pancreatic endocrine tumors. Methods: The nonhormonal antigens including Alpha subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (α HCG), progesterone receptors (PR), 7B2, HISL 19, in normal pancreatic islets and in 52 cases of pancreatic endocrine tumors (PET) were investigated by immunohistochemistry. Results: It was found that HCG can be detected in PET but not in normal islet cells. HCG immunoreactivity was expressed by 3 of 28 (10.7%) benign PET and by 14 of 24 (58.3%) malignant PET.PR was found by 20 of 28(71.4%) benign PET and by 7 of 24 (29%) malignant PET. 7B2 was detected by 23 of 28 (82.1%) benign PET and by 13 of 24 (54.2%) malignant PET. HISL 19 was appeared by 23 of 28 benign PET and by 11 of 24 (46%) malignant PET. Golgitype persisted in 87.5% malignant tumors. Conclusion: The assay of nonhormonal antigens may be well defined the clinico pathological characteristics of PET.

New Concepts in Tumor Antigens:Their Significance in Future Immunotherapies for Tumors

The identification and molecular characterization of self-antigens expressed by human malignancies that are capable of elicitation of anti-tumor immune responses in patients have been an active field in tumor immunology. More than 2,000 tumor antigens have been identified, and most of these antigens are self-antigens. These significant progresses have led to the renaissance of tumor immunology and studies on anti-tumor immunotherapy. However, despite of the progress in the identification of self-tumor antigens, current antigen-specific immunotherapies for tumors are far less satisfied than expected, which reflects the urgent need to improve our understanding on self-tumor antigens. In order to develop more effective antigen specific anti-tumor immunotherapies and to monitor the responses to these immunotherapies in patients with tumors, many important fundamental questions need to be addressed. We propose for the first time that the studies in addressing the characteristics of self-tumor antigens and autoantigens are grouped as a new subject termed ＂antigenology＂. In this brief review, we would outline the progress in the identification of tumor antigens in solid tumors and hematologic malignancies, and overview the new concepts and principles of antigenology and their significance for future immunotherapies to these malignancies.

The development and functions of CD41 T cells expressing a transgenic TCR specific for an MHC-I-restricted tumor antigenic epitope

It has been reported that the ratio of CD41 to CD81 T cells has no bias in a few class I major histocompatibility complex(MHC-I)-restricted T-cell receptor(TCR)-transgenic mice specific for alloantigens or autoantigens,in which most CD41 T cells express an MHC-I-restricted TCR.In this study,we further showed that more than 50%of CD41 T cells in MHC-I-restricted P1A tumor antigen-specific TCR(P1ATCR)-transgenic mice could specifically bind to MHC-I/P1A peptide complex.P1A peptide could stimulate the transgenic CD41 T cells to proliferate and secrete both type 1 helper T cell and type 2 helper T cell cytokines.The activated CD41 T cells also showed cytotoxicity against P1A-expressing tumor cells.The analysis of TCR a-chains showed that these CD41 T cells were selected by co-expressing endogenous TCRs.Our results show that CD41 T cells from P1ATCR transgenic mice co-expressed an MHC-I-restricted transgenic TCR and another rearranged endogenous TCRs,both of which were functional.

Comparisons of voided urine cytology, nuclear matrix protein-22 and bladder tumor associated antigen tests for bladder cancer of geriatric male patients in Taiwan, China

Aim： To compare the results of bladder tumor associated antigen （BTA TRAK）, nuclear matrix protein 22 （NMP 22） and voided urine cytology （VUC） in detecting bladder cancer. Methods： A total of 135 elderly male and 50 healthy volunteers enrolled in this study were classified into three groups： （i） 93 patients with bladder cancer; （ii） 42 patients with urinary benign conditions; and （iii） 50 healthy volunteers. BTA TRAK and NMP 22 kits were used to detect bladder cancer. Voided urine cytology was used to compare the sensitivity and specificity of the screening tests. Results： The sensitivity and specificity of cytology, BTA TRAK and NMP 22 were 24% and 97%, 51% and 73%, 78% and 73%, respectively. The level of NMP 22 increased with tumor grading. The BTA TRAK kit has the lowest sensitivity among the screening tests. The NMP 22 with the best sensitivity can be an adjunct to cytology for evaluating bladder cancer. Conclusion： The NMP 22 test has a better correlation with the grading of the bladder cancer than BTA TRAK. As cytology units are typically not available in hospitals or in outpatient clinics, NMP 22 might be a promising tool for screening bladder cancer.

Colorectal cancer vaccines: Tumor-associated antigens vs neoantigens

Therapeutic options for the treatment of colorectal cancer(CRC) are diverse but still not always satisfying. Recent success of immune checkpoint inhibition treatment for the subgroup of CRC patients suffering from hypermutated tumors suggests a permanent role of immune therapy in the clinical management of CRC. Substantial improvement in treatment outcome could be achieved by development of efficient patient-individual CRC vaccination strategies. This mini-review summarizes the current knowledge on the two general classes of targets: tumor-associated antigens(TAAs) and tumorspecific antigens. TAAs like carcinoembryonic antigen and melanoma associated antigen are present in and shared by a subgroup of patients and a variety of clinical studies examined the efficacy of different TAA-derived peptide vaccines. Combinations of several TAAs as the next step and the development of personalized TAA-based peptide vaccines are discussed. Improvements of peptidebased vaccines achievable by adjuvants and immunestimulatory chemotherapeutics are highlighted. Finally, we sum up clinical studies using tumor-specific antigens-in CRC almost exclusively neoantigens-which revealed promising results; particularly no severe adverse events were reported so far. Critical progress for clinical outcomes can be expected by individualizing neoantigen-based peptide vaccines and combining them with immunestimulatory chemotherapeutics and immune checkpoint inhibitors. In light of these data and latest developments, truly personalized neoantigen-based peptide vaccines can be expected to fulfill modern precision medicine's requirements and will manifest as treatment pillar for routine clinical management of CRC.

Prognostic value of preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen/tumor size in rectal cancer

BACKGROUND Carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)is a commonly used biomarker in colorectal cancer.However,controversy exists regarding the insufficient prognostic value of preoperative serum CEA alone in rectal cancer.Here,we combined preoperative serum CEA and the maximum tumor diameter to correct the CEA level,which may better reflect the malignancy of rectal cancer.AIM To assess the prognostic impact of preoperative CEA/tumor size in rectal cancer.METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 696 stage I to III rectal cancer patients who underwent curative tumor resection from 2007 to 2012.These patients were randomly divided into two cohorts for cross-validation:training cohort and validation cohort.The training cohort was used to generate an optimal cutoff point and the validation cohort was used to further validate the model.Maximally selected rank statistics were used to identify the optimum cutoff for CEA/tumor size.The Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were used to plot the survival curve and to compare the survival data.Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to determine the prognostic value of CEA/tumor size.The primary and secondary outcomes were overall survival(OS)and disease-free survival(DFS),respectively.RESULTS In all,556 patients who satisfied both the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included and randomly divided into the training cohort(2/3 of 556,n=371)and the validation cohort(1/3 of 556,n=185).The cutoff was 2.429 ng/mL per cm.Comparison of the baseline data showed that high CEA/tumor size was correlated with older age,high TNM stage,the presence of perineural invasion,high CEA,and high carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA 19-9).Kaplan-Meier curves showed a manifest reduction in 5-year OS(training cohort:56.7%vs 81.1%,P<0.001;validation cohort:58.8%vs 85.6%,P<0.001)and DFS(training cohort:52.5%vs 71.9%,P=0.02;validation cohort:50.3%vs 79.3%,P=0.002)in the high CEA/tumor size group compared with the low CEA/tumor size group.Univariate and multivariate analyses identified CEA/tumor size as an independent prognostic factor for OS(training cohort:hazard ratio(HR)=2.18,95%confidence interval(CI):1.28-3.73,P=0.004;validation cohort:HR=4.83,95%CI:2.21-10.52,P<0.001)as well as DFS(training cohort:HR=1.47,95%CI:0.93-2.33,P=0.096;validation cohort:HR=2.61,95%CI:1.38-4.95,P=0.003).CONCLUSION Preoperative CEA/tumor size is an independent prognostic factor for patients with stage I-III rectal cancer.Higher CEA/tumor size is associated with worse OS and DFS.

Autoantibodies against tumor-associated antigens for detection of hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is one of the most common tumors worldwide. The survival rate after the onset of symptoms is generally less than one year for the late presentation of HCC, and reliable tools for early diagnosis are lacking. Therefore, novel biomarkers for the early detection of HCC are urgently required. Recent studies show that the abnormal release of proteins by tumor cells can elicit humoral immune responses to self-antigens called tumor-associated antigens(TAAs). The corresponding autoantibodies can be detected before the clinical diagnosis of cancer. Therefore, there is growing interest in using serum autoantibodies as cancer biomarkers. In this review, we focus on the advances in research on autoantibodies against TAAs as serum biomarker for detection of HCC, the mechanism of the production of TAAs, and the association of autoantibodies with patients' clinical characteristics.

New tumor-associated antigen SC6 in pancreatic cancer

AIM: To examine the concentration of a new antigen SC6 (SC6-Ag) recognized by monoclonal antibody (MAb)in patients with pancreatic cancer and other malignant or benign diseases and to understand whether SC6-Ag has any clinical significance in distinguishing pancreatic cancer from other gastrointestinal diseases.METHODS: Six hundred and ninety-five serum specimens obtained from 115 patients with pancreatic cancer, 154 patients with digestive cancer and 95patients with non-digestive cancer were used and classified in this study. Serum specimens obtained from 140 patients with benign digestive disease and 89 patients with non-benign digestive disease served as controls. Ascites was tapped from 16 pancreatic cancer patients, 19 hepatic cancer patients, 16 colonic cancer patients, 10 gastric cancer and 6 severe necrotic pancreatitis patients. The samples were quantitated by solid-phase radioimmunoassay. The cut-off values (CV)of 41, 80, and 118 U/mL were used.RESULTS: The average intra- and interassay CV detected by immunoradiometric assay of SC6-Ag was 5.4% and 8.7%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity were 73.0% and 90.9% respectively. The levels in most malignant and benign cases were within the normal upper limit. Among the 16 pancreatic cancer cases, the concentration of SC6-Ag in ascites was over the normal range in 93.8% patients. There was no significant difference in the concentration of SC6-Ag.Decreased expression of SC6-Ag in sera was significantly related to tumor differentiation. The concentration of SC6-Ag was higher in patients before surgery than after surgery. The specificity of SC6-Ag and CA19-9 was significantly higher than that of ultrasound and computer tomography (CT) in pancreatic cancer patients. Higher positive predictive values were indicated in 92.3% SC6-Ag and 88.5% CA19-9, but lower in 73.8% ultrasound and 76.2% CT.CONCLUSION: The combined test of SC6-Ag and CA19-9 may improve the diagnostic rate of primary cancer. The detection of SC6-Ag is valuable in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer before and after surgery.

HCA520, A NOVEL TUMOR ASSOCIATED ANTIGEN, INVOLVED IN CELL PROLIFERATION AND APOPTOSIS

Objective: Tumor associated antigen encoding gene HCA520 (AF146019) was identified by screening a human hepatocellular carcinoma expressing cDNA library using SEREX technique. In this experiment we studied the effect of HCA520 on cell proliferation and apoptosis. Methods: Gene HCA520 was gained by PCR and transfected into 293 cells. The stable expression cells were obtained by G418 selection. The cell proliferation was measured by [3H]-TdR uptake and apoptosis assay was measured by FACS. Results: Eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3-HCA520 was constructed and its stable transfectants were obtained. Overexpression of HCA520 inhibited the cell proliferation and enhanced cell apoptosis after serum deprivation. Conclusion: HCA520 is a novel tumor associated antigen that can affect cell proliferation and apoptosis.

Enhanced antitumor effects of tumor antigen-pulsed dendritic cells by their transfection with GM-CSF gene

To investigate the biological characterization and antitumor activitites of GM-CSF gene-transfected dendritic cells, the splenic dendritic cells were infected with GM-CSF recombinant replication-deficient adenoviruses in vitro . Their enhanced expression of B7 was demonstrated by FACS analysis, and more potent stimulatory activity was confirmed by allogeneic MLR. Immunization of dendritic cells pulsed with irradiated B16 melanoma cells induced sig-nificant CTL and enabled host to resist the challenge of wild-type B16 cells. When they were transfected with GM-CSF gene subsequently, the induced CTL activity was higher, and the produced protection against B16 cell challenge and therapeutic effect on the mice with preestablished pulmonary melastases more effective. These data suggest that the dendritic cells pulsed with tumor antigen then transfected with GM-CSF gene can be used as an effective vaccine in tumor immunotherapy.

Therapeutic effects on experimental metastatic tumor-bearing mice by vaccination with GM-CSF gene-modified and tumor antigen-pulsed macrophages

Macrophages, with potent cytotoxic and antigen presenting activities, can be used in cancer treatment. The biological characteristics and antitumor effect of GM CSF gene modified and tumor antigen pulsed macrophages were investigated. The high levels of GM CSF could be detected in the supernatants of macrophages after gene transfer. The cytotoxicity and the expression of MHC class II molecules of the gene modified macrophages increased significantly and the antigen presenting ability was enhanced. The gene modified macrophages were then pulsed with tumor antigen and used to treat the experimental pulmonary metastastic mice. The number of pulmonary metastases was reduced significantly and the cytotoxicity of the CTL induced from the splenocytes of the tumor bearing mice also increased. The results demonstrated that adenovirus mediated GM CSF gene transfer can activate macrophages to some extent and GM CSF gene modified, antigen pulsed macrophages may be a new type of effective effector cells in the immunogene therapy of cancer.

Changes in tumor-antigen expression profile as human small-cell lung cancers progress

Objective: Our group has previously observed that in patients with small-cell lung cancers(SCLCs), the expression of a tumor antigen, glioma big potassium(g BK) ion channel, is higher at the time of death than when the cancer is first treated by surgical resection. This study aimed to determine whether this dichotomy was common in other potential lung tumor antigens by examining the same patient samples using our more extensive profile analysis of tumor-antigen precursor protein(TAPP). We then tested the hypothesis that therapeutic intervention may inadvertently cause this increased g BK production.Methods: SCLC samples(eight surgical resections and three autopsy samples) and three control lungs were examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction for 42 potential TAPPs that represent potential T-cell-mediated immunological targets. Results: Twenty-two TAPP m RNAs displayed the same profile as g BK, i.e., more m RNAs were expressed at autopsy than in their surgical counterparts. B-cyclin and mouse double minute 2, human homolog of P53-binding protein were elevated in both autopsy and surgical specimens above the normal-lung controls. When HTB119 cells were incubated with doxorubicin, g BK was strongly induced, as confirmed by intracellular flow cytometry with a g BK-specific antibody.Conclusion: Our findings suggested that more immunological targets became available as the tumor responded to chemotherapy and proceeded toward its terminal stages.

Isolation and Characterization of Exosomes Derived from Tumor Cells Genetically Expressing Model Antigen

Tumor cell-derived exosomes have been proposed as non-cellular nanomeric vaccine which could induce potent anti- tumor immune response in mice. In order to develop the protocols to prepare tumor cell-derived exosomes for basic research and clinical trail, we isolated exosomes from ovalbumin (OVA)-expressing thymoma cells EG.7-OVA by various preparation methods. We demonstrate the non-sedimentation method is simple, rapid, efficient with higher yield and purity of exosomes. EG.7-OVA-derived exosomes are 40-100 nm in diameter sequestered by lipid bi-layer, and contain rich heat shock protein (HSP) and OVA. The result of the size distribution determination is consistent with the calculation by the visual microscopic inspection, with 90.4% particles at the range of 50-90 nm. Moreover, as a model antigen of the EG.7 cells, OVA concentra- tion in EG.7-derived exosomes can be regarded as a good quality control parameter. Therefore, we have established a platform to efficiently prepare exosomes for tumor immunotherapy.

Palliative primary tumor resection provides survival beneits for the patients with metastatic colorectal cancer and low circulating levels of dehydrogenase and carcinoembryonic antigen

Background: It remains controversial whether palliative primary tumor resection(PPTR) can provide survival benefits to the patients with metastatic colorectal cancer(m CRC) who have unresectable metastases. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether PPTR could improve the survival of patients with m CRC.Methods: We conducted a retrospective study on consecutive m CRC patients with unresectable metastases who were diagnosed at Sun Yat?sen University Cancer Center in Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, between January 2005 and December 2012. Overall survival(OS) and progression?free survival(PFS) after first?line chemotherapy failure were compared between the PPTR and non?PPTR patient groups.Results: A total of 387 patients were identified, including 254 who underwent PPTR and 133 who did not. The median OS of the PPTR and non?PPTR groups was 20.8 and 14.8 months(P < 0.001), respectively. The median PFS after first?line chemotherapy was 7.3 and 4.8 months(P < 0.001) in the PPTR and non?PPTR groups, respectively. A larger proportion of patients in the PPTR group(219 of 254, 86.2%) showed local progression compared with that of patients in the non?PPTR group(95 of 133, 71.4%; P < 0.001). Only patients with normal lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) levels and with carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA) levels <70 ng/m L benefited from PPTR(median OS, 22.2 months for the PPTR group and 16.2 months for the non?PPTR group; P < 0.001).Conclusions: For m CRC patients with unresectable metastases, PPTR can improve OS and PFS after first?line chemo?therapy and decrease the incidence of new organ involvement. However, PPTR should be recommended only for patients with normal LDH levels and with CEA levels <70 ng/m L.

调经止痛丸对子宫内膜异位症气滞血瘀证患者腹腔镜术后CA125的影响

目的观察调经止痛丸对子宫内膜异位症(endometriosis,EMS)气滞血瘀证患者腹腔镜术后临床症状及癌胚抗原125(carcinoembryonic antigen 125,CA125)的影响。方法选取河北省沧州中西医结合医院120例接受腹腔镜手术治疗的EMS气滞血瘀证患者,随机分为对照组和观察组,各60例。对照组术后予以常规西药进行治疗,观察组在对照组基础上服用调经止痛丸,连续治疗6个月。比较两组临床疗效、中医证候积分、血清CA125、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)水平及不良反应。结果观察组总有效率96.67%,高于对照组85.00%(P<0.05);观察组治疗后中医证候积分及CA125、TNF-α水平显著低于对照组(P<0.01);两组患者不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论调经止痛丸可有效减轻EMS气滞血瘀证患者腹腔镜术后临床症状,改善TNF-α及CA125水平。

血清肿瘤标志物CEA、CA-199、CA125及VEGF联合检测对肺癌诊断的价值

目的本研究目的在于探究肺癌患者中CEA、CA-199、CA125以及VEGF的表达情况,并评价它们在肺癌诊断和治疗中的临床应用价值。方法选取2023年1月至2023年10月期间入院接受肺部疾病检查并确诊为肺癌的84例患者作为观察组,另取80名健康人作为对照组。通过t检验比较两组中的血清肿瘤标志物水平,评估其在肺癌风险评估中的应用价值。此外,采用受试者操作特征曲线(ROC)分析各指标在肺癌辅助诊断中的有效性。结果观察组与对照组比较,CEA、CA-199、CA125和VEGF的血清水平差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析表明,血清CEA、CA-199、CA125和VEGF水平升高与肺癌风险增加相关(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,CEA、CA-199、CA125联合VEGF在诊断肺癌方面的AUC值为0.855,明显高于单一测定。结论CEA、CA-199、CA125和VEGF的联合检测在肺癌的早期筛查、诊断和随访中具有显著的临床价值,能显著提高肺癌诊断的敏感性和特异性,可能对于肺癌患者的早期诊断和治疗决策提供较为重要参考。