Efficacy of concurrent chemoradiotherapy with thalidomide and S-1 for esophageal carcinoma and its influence on serum tumor markers

BACKGROUND Although the current conventional treatment strategies for esophageal carcinoma(EC)have been proven effective,they are often accompanied by serious adverse events.Therefore,it is still necessary to continue to explore new therapeutic strategies for EC to improve the clinical outcome of patients.AIM To elucidate the clinical efficacy of concurrent chemoradiotherapy(CCRT)with thalidomide(THAL)and S-1(tegafur,gimeracil,and oteracil potassium capsules)in the treatment of EC as well as its influence on serum tumor markers(STMs).METHODS First,62 patients with EC treated at the Zibo 148 Hospital between November 2019 and November 2022 were selected and grouped according to the received treatment.Among these,30 patients undergoing CCRT with cis-platinum and 5-fluorouracil were assigned to the control group(Con),and 32 patients receiving CCRT with THAL and S-1 were assigned to the research group(Res).Second,inter-group comparisons were carried out with respect to curative efficacy,incidence of drug toxicities,STMs[carbohydrate antigen 125(CA125)and macrophage inflammatory protein-3α(MIP-3α)],angiogenesis-related indicators[vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF);VEGF receptor-1(VEGFR-1);basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF);angiogenin-2(Ang-2)],and quality of life(QoL)[QoL core 30(QLQ-C30)]after one month of treatment.RESULTS The analysis showed no statistical difference in the overall response rate and disease control rate between the two patient cohorts;however,the incidences of grade I–II myelosuppression and gastrointestinal reactions were significantly lower in the Res than in the Con.Besides,the post-treatment CA125,MIP-3α,VEGF,VEGFR-1,bFGF,and Ang-2 Levels in the Res were markedly lower compared with the pre-treatment levels and the corresponding post-treatment levels in the Con.Furthermore,more evident improvements in QLQ-C30 scores from the dimensions of physical,role,emotional,and social functions were determined in the Res.CONCLUSION The above results demonstrate the effectiveness of THAL+S-1 CCRT for EC,which contributes to mild side effects and significant reduction of CA125,MIP-3α,VEGF,VEGFR-1,bFGF,and Ang-2 Levels,thus inhibiting tumors from malignant progression and enhancing patients’QoL.

Percutaneous microwave ablation and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for serum tumor markers and prognostics of middle-late primary hepatic carcinoma

BACKGROUND Primary hepatic carcinoma(PHC)has an insidious onset and is usually diagnosed in the middle and late stages.Although transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE)is the preferred option for treating middle-and advanced-stage PHC,it has limited efficacy in killing tumor cells and poor long-term efficacy.TACE plus percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy(PMCT)is more effective than interventional therapy alone and can improve survival time.However,there are few reports on the effects of TACE and PMCT on serum marker levels and the prognosis of patients with advanced PHC.AIM To investigate the effect of PMCT+TACE on serum tumor markers and the prognosis of middle-late PHC.METHODS This retrospective study included 150 patients with middle-late PHC admitted to Zhongshan People’s Hospital between March 2018 and February 2021.Patients were divided into a single group(treated with TACE,n=75)and a combined group(treated with TACE+PMCT,n=75).Before and after treatment,the clinical efficacy and serum tumor marker levels[carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9),alpha-fetoprotein(AFP),and carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)]of both groups were observed.The 1-year survival rates and prognostic factors of the two groups were analyzed.RESULTS The combined group had 21 and 35 cases of complete remission(CR)and partial remission(PR),respectively.The single group had 13 and 25 cases of CR and PR,decreased,with the decrease in the combined group being more significant(P<0.05).The 1-year survival rate of the combined group(80.00%)was higher than that of the single group(60.00%)(P<0.05).The average survival time within 1 year in the combined group was 299.38±61.13 d,longer than that in the single group(214.41±72.97 d,P<0.05).COX analysis revealed that tumor diameter,tumor number,and the treatment method were prognostic factors for patients with middle-late PHC(P<0.05).CONCLUSION TACE+PMCT is effective in treating patients with mid-late PHC.It reduces the levels of tumor markers,prolongs survival,and improves prognosis.

Value of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging combined with tumor markers in the diagnosis of ovarian tumors

BACKGROUND Compare the diagnostic performance of ultrasound(US),magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),and serum tumor markers alone or in combination for detecting ovarian tumors.AIM To investigate the diagnostic value of US,MRI combined with tumor markers in ovarian tumors.METHODS The data of 110 patients with ovarian tumors,confirmed by surgery and pathology,were collected in our hospital from February 2018 to May 2023.The dataset included 60 cases of benign tumors and 50 cases of malignant tumors.Prior to surgery,all patients underwent preoperative US and MRI examinations,as well as serum tumor marker tests[carbohydrate antigen 125(CA125),human epididymis protein 4(HE4)].The aim of the study was to compare the diagnostic performance of these three methods individually and in combination for ovarian tumors.RESULTS This study found statistically significant differences in the ultrasonic imaging characteristics between benign and malignant tumors.These differences include echo characteristics,presence or absence of a capsule,blood flow resistance index,clear tumor shape,and blood flow signal display rate(P<0.05).The apparent diffusion coefficient values of the solid and cystic parts in benign tumors were found to be higher compared to malignant tumors(P<0.05).Additionally,the time-intensity curve image features of benign and malignant tumors showed significant statistical differences(P<0.05).The levels of serum CA125 and HE4 in benign tumors were lower than those in malignant tumors(P<0.05).The combined use of US,MRI,and tumor markers in the diagnosis of ovarian tumors demonstrates higher accuracy,sensitivity,and specificity compared to using each method individually(P<0.05).CONCLUSION US,MRI,and tumor markers each have their own advantages and disadvantages when it comes to diagnosing ovarian tumors.However,by combining these three methods,we can significantly enhance the accuracy of ovarian tumor diagnosis,enabling early detection and identification of the tumor’s nature,and providing valuable guidance for clinical treatment.

Serum Tumor Markers Combined with 18F-FDG PET/CT Volumetric Metabolic Parameters in the Prognosis of Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most fatal gynecological malignancy, and identifying reliable prognostic indicators can help guide therapeutic treatment. Various tumor marker-guided treatment regimens can considerably improve patient prognosis with a better understanding of the molecular underpinnings of ovarian cancer recurrence and metastasis. Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) is a molecular imaging tool that provides anatomical and functional information about the tumor, and its volume-based metabolic parameters allow for quantifiable observation of ovarian cancer recurrence, prognosis, and therapeutic efficacy. The combined utilization of serological and radiologic markers has been found to provide increased clinical benefit. This article reviewed the predictive value of serum tumor markers and 18F-FDG PET/CT volumetric metabolic parameters for the prognosis of patients with ovarian cancer.

Detection of serum tumor markers in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with pancreatic cancer

BACKGROUND: Although a variety of tumor markers areavailable for diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, their sensitivityand specificity have not yet been ideal. The aims of thisstudy was to detect a panel of serum tumor markers and toevaluate their significance in the diagnosis and prognosis ofpancreatic cancer patients.METHODS: Eight serum tumor markers including AFP,CEA, CA-50, CA72-4, CA-125, CA153, CA19-9 and CA242were detected in 129 patients with pancreatic cancer by usingchemiluminescence immunoassay, immunofluorescence as-say and immunoradiometric assay, respectively. The levelsof these markers were compared in 99 patients with non-pancreatic malignant tumor, 63 patients with other benigndiseases, and 27 patients with pancreatic cancer after pan-createctomy.RESULTS: Among the 8 tumor markers, CA19-9, CA242,CA-50, and CA72-4 were more sensitive in the diagnosis ofpancreatic cancer. Parallel combined testing could increasethe diagnostic sensitivity to 89.2%, and serial combined exa-mination could increase the diagnostic specificity to 92.3%.The serum tumor markers levels were decreased significant-ly after radical tumor resection.CONCLUSIONS: Serum CA19-9, CA242, CA-50, andCA72-4 are the preferred tumor markers to be used in thediagnosis and follow-up of operated cases of pancreaticcancer. Testing of a panel of multiple serum tumor mark-ers may increase the sensitivity and specificity in the diag-nosis of pancreatic cancer.

Combined detection of serum tumor markers for differential diagnosis of solid lesions located at the pancreatic head

BACKGROUND: The differential diagnosis of solid lesions located at the pancreatic head is very important for choosing therapies and setting up surgical tactics. This study was designed to evaluate the clinical significance of combined measurement of multiple serum tumor markers and the application of the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves in the differential diagnosis of solid lesions located at the pancreatic head. METHODS: The serum levels of CA19-9, CA242, CA50 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in 112 patients with carcinoma of the pancreatic head and 38 patients with focal chronic pancreatitis in the pancreatic head were measured with ELISA. The sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR) and negative likelihood ratio (NLR) of the four serum tumor markers were calculated. The ROC curves for the four serum tumor markers were constructed and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. RESULTS: The AUCs of CA19-9, CA242, CA50 and CEA were 0.805, 0.749, 0.738 and 0.705; the PLRs were 1.91, 3.43, 5.09 and 5.46; and the NLRs were 0.41, 0.56, 0.59 and 0.71, respectively. Combined measurements increased the diagnostic specificity, and parallel combined testing increased the diagnostic sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS: Combined measurement of serum tumor markers CA19-9, CA242, CA50 and CEA is valuable in differential diagnosis of solid lesions located at the pancreatic head, and CA19-9 has the best diagnostic ability. Combined measurements can increase the specificity of diagnosis. Evaluation with the ROC curve is better than the sensitivity or specificity alone and the results are more integrated and objective.

Combination of serum tumor markers dickkopf-1,DCP and AFP for the diagnosis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma

Objective:To evaluate the detection accuracy of the biomarkers dickkopf-1,DCP and AFP as a serum biomarker panel by comparing the sensitivity of the panel with those of the individual biomarkers.Methods:The study was composed of three groups,one with HCC patients,one with non-HCC liver diseases and one with healthy controls.Serum AFP was measured using a chemiluminescence assay and serum dickkopf-1 and DCP were measured with ELISA.The sensitivity and specificity of the biomarkers were analyzed as single parameters and as a serum panel.Results:The HCC group showed higher levels of dickkopf-1,DCP and AFP than the other two groups(P<0.05).Dickkopf-1 showed better sensitivity(73.26%vx.58.13%.P<0.05) and better specificity(44.00%vs.29.00%,P>0.05) than AFP.DCP also had better sensitivity(74.42%vs.58.13%.P<0.05) than AFP,but their specificity was similar(30.00%vs.29.00%.P>0.05).The combination of the biomarkers as a scrum panel produced much better sensitivity(93.02%) and specificity(78.00%) than each of the markers individually(P<0.05).Conclusion:The combination of AFP.DCP and dickkopf-1 as a biomarker panel can significantly improve the detection power with much higher sensitivity and specificity for HCC than any of the biomarkers alone.The tests are convenient and inexpensive,and may serve as a valuable addition to current options for the diagnosis of HCC.

Assessment of tumor markers CA 19-9,CEA,CA 125,and CA 242 for the early diagnosis and prognosis prediction of gallbladder cancer

BACKGROUND Gallbladder cancer(GBC)is one of the leading and aggressive cancers in this region of India.It is very difficult to diagnose in the early stage,as it lacks typical early signs and symptoms;thus,the diagnosis is often in the advanced stage,which ultimately leads to a poor 5-year survival outcome.Tumor markers including carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA 19-9),carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),CA 125,CA 242,and alpha fetoprotein are used as indicators in the diagnosis and prognosis of GBC.AIM To compare tumor marker levels between GBC and benign GB diseases(GBDs)and to assess the combined use of tumor markers to increase the diagnostic accuracy for GBC.METHODS Patients of either sex aged≥18 years,with suspected GBC(GB polyp,irregular thick GB wall,GB mass,porcelain GB)on the basis of radiological imaging were included in this study.GB wall thickness using ultrasonography and tumor markers CEA,CA 125,CA 19-9,and CA 242 in all patients were recorded.All cases after surgical intervention were divided into two groups,GBC and benign GBD,according to histopathological examination findings.The cases were followed up and clinical findings,radiological findings,and levels of tumor markers were assessed.RESULTS A total of 200 patients were included in this study,of whom 80 patients had GBC and 120 patients had benign GBD.The median(interquartile range)age was 52.0(41.0-60.0)years and the majority of patients(132,66.0%)were women.Tumor markers including CA 19-9,CA 125,CEA,and CA 242 were significantly elevated in patients with GBC(P<0.001).There was a significant reduction in tumor markers at 3 and 6 mo from baseline(P<0.001).The mean survival of patients with normal and elevated levels of tumor markers CA 125,CA 19-9,and CEA was comparable;however lymph node metastasis and CA 242 expression level were independent prognostic factors.CONCLUSION Serum levels of tumor markers including CA 19-9,CA 125,CEA,and CA 242 were significantly associated with GBC.However,no significant association was observed between the presence of elevated levels of any tumor marker with respect to survival.Tumor marker assessment during follow-up may represent a treatment response.

Predictive value of tumor markers in patients with recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma in different vascular invasion pattern

BACKGROUND： Four tumor markers for hepatocellular carcinoma（HCC）, alpha-fetoprotein（AFP）, glypican-3（GPC3）, vascular endothelial growth factor（VEGF） and des-gammacarboxy prothrombin（DCP）, are closely associated with tumor invasion and patient＇s survival. This study estimated the predictability of preoperative tumor marker levels along with pathological parameters on HCC recurrence after hepatectomy.METHODS： A total of 140 patients with HCC who underwent hepatectomy between January 2012 and August 2012 were enrolled. The demographics, clinical and follow-up data were collected and analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups： patients with macroscopic vascular invasion（Ma VI ＋） and those without Ma VI（Ma VI-）. The predictive value of tumor markers and clinical parameters were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis.RESULTS： In all patients, tumor size（〉8 cm） and Ma VI were closely related to HCC recurrence after hepatectomy. For Ma VI＋ patients, VEGF（〉900 pg/m L） was a significant predictor for recurrence（RR=2.421; 95% CI： 1.272-4.606; P=0.007）. The 1- and 2-year tumor-free survival rates for Ma VI＋ patients with VEGF ≤900 pg/m L versus for those with VEGF 〉900 pg/m L were 51.5% and 17.6% versus 19.0% and 4.8%（P〈0.001）. For Ma VI- patients, DCP 〉445 m Au/m L and tumor size 〉8 cm were two independent risk factors for tumor recurrence（RR=2.307, 95% CI： 1.132-4.703, P=0.021; RR=3.150, 95% CI： 1.392-7.127, P=0.006; respectively）. The 1- and 2-year tumor-free survival rates for the patients with DCP ≤445 m Au/m L and those with DCP 〉445 m Au/m L were 90.4% and 70.7% versus 73.2% and 50.5% respectively（P=0.048）. The 1-and 2-year tumor-free survival rates for the patients with tumor size ≤8 cm and 〉8 cm were 83.2% and 62.1% versus 50.0% and 30.0%, respectively（P=0.003）.CONCLUSIONS： The Ma VI＋ patients with VEGF ≤900 pg/m L had a relatively high tumor-free survival than those with VEGF 〉900 pg/m L. In the Ma VI- patients, DCP 〉445 m Au/m L and tumor size 〉8 cm were predictive factors for postoperative recurrence.

Effect of radiotherapy on tumor markers and serum immune-associated cells in patients with esophageal cancer

Objective This study aimed to investigate the effect of radiotherapy on serum immune-associated cells and tumor markers in patients with esophageal cancer.Methods A total of 87 patients with esophageal cancer admitted to our hospital between October 2016 and July 2020 were selected as the observation group,and all patients received radiotherapy.A total of 87 healthy volunteers who underwent physical examination at our hospital during the same period were selected as the control group in order to compare the changes in serum immune-associated cells and tumor markers between the two groups.Results The levels of carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),cancer antigen(CA)125,CA72-4,C-terminus of cytokeratin(CYFRA)21-1,and squamous cell carcinoma(SCC)antigen in the observation group before radiotherapy were higher than those in the control group,and the differences were significant(P<0.05).The levels of CEA,CA125,CA72-4,CYFRA21-1,and SCC antigen in the research group after radiotherapy were significantly lower than those before radiotherapy,but were still significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).The levels of CD3+,CD4+,CD4+/CD8+,and natural killer cells in the research group before and after radiotherapy were significantly lower,while the levels of Treg and CD8+cells were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).The levels of CD3+,CD4+,and CD4+/CD8+cells in the observation group after radiotherapy were lower,while the levels of CD8+cells were significantly higher than those before radiotherapy(P<0.05).Conclusion Radiotherapy can effectively reduce the level of serum tumor markers in patients with esophageal cancer;these antigens and cells can be used as tumor markers of esophageal cancer in order to determine its prognosis.However,radiotherapy has adverse effects on the immune function of the body.The reasons behind this need to be further studied and analyzed.

The diagnostic value of multiple tumor markers in malignantovarian neoplasms

Objective:To study the diagnostic value of multiple tumor markers in malignant ovarian neoplasm.Methods:Sera obtained from 430 patients with ovarian masses (110 cases were malignant ovarian tumors,320 cases were benign ovarian tumors) before operation,and from 50 healthy women as control.Serologic examination of tumor markers included CA125,TSGF,SA,CEA,AFP,HCG and Fer.Results:The serum levels of CA125,TSGF,SA and Fer in patients with ovarian cancer were higher than those in patients with benign ovarian tumors (P<0.05),also in control group (P<0.05).In the diagnostic value of application for malignant ovarian neoplasm,CA125,TSGF and SA were better than the others.The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy in diagnosis of ovarian cancer were 86.4%,82.8%and 83.7% respectively for CA125 alone,78.2%,81.3%and 80.5% for TSGF alone,74.5%,81.9%and 80.0% for SA alone,whereas 95.5%,45.6%and 58.4% for multiple tumor markers combined in which 1 or more indices showed positive,93.6%,80.6%and 84.0% for that in which 2 or more indices showed positive,and 87.3%,90.3%and 89.5% for that in which 3 or more indices show positive.Conclusion:multiple tumor markers examination could improve the diagnosis of ovarian cancer,and examination of CA125,TSGF and SA combined is most ideal.

Effect of Herceptin Combined with Phryl on Serum Tumor Markers and Toxicities in Patients with Breast Cancer

Objective:To study the effect of Herceptin combined with Phryl on serum tumor markers and toxicities in patients with breast cancer.Methods:A total of 66 patients with breast cancer admitted from February 2019 to February 2020 were selected as the research objects.They were divided into two groups by random number table method,with 33 cases in each group.The control group was treated with Herceptin,and the observation group was treated with Fray on the basis of the control group.The levels of serum tumor markers[cancer antigen 15-3(CA15-3),cell protein 19(CYFRA21-1)]and toxic reactions were compared between the two groups before treatment and 4 weeks after treatment.Results:After 4 weeks of treatment,serum CA15-3 and CYFRA21-1 in both groups were lower than before treatment,and those in the observation group were lower than those in the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).There was significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups(P<0.05).Conclusion:Herceptin combined with Flux in the treatment of breast cancer patients can reduce the level of serum tumor markers,inhibit tumor growth,and reduce the risk of toxicity.

Diagnostic Value of Tumor Markers CA153 and CA125 in Breast Cancer

Objective: To investigate the diagnostic value of CA153 and CA125 combined examination in breast cancer patients.Methods: selecting the first people's hospital of Zhengzhou city in April 2018 to April 2019 accepts 60 cases of breast cancerpatients as observation group, at the same time to choose healthy check-up women 60 cases as control group, two groups of all tocarry out the tumor markers CA153, CA125 joint inspection, summarizes the tumor markers CA153, CA125 joint inspection in thesensitivity of diagnosis of breast cancer. Results: There were statistically significant differences in the positive rates of tumor markerCA153 and CA125 combined detection between the two groups (P < 0.05), and the higher the stage of breast adenocarcinoma, thehigher the levels of tumor marker CA153 and CA125. Conclusion: Combined examination of tumor markers CA153 and CA125can reduce the incidence of clinical misdiagnosis of breast cancer.

Correlation Analysis between Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Tumor Markers

The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF)and tumor markers to provide evidence for early screening of precancerous lesions.In our hospital from July 2017 to May 2019,40 patients with IPF treatment were selected as the IPF group,and 40 patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis with lung cancer(IPF-LC)were selected as the IPF-LC group.In the same period,40 healthy physical examinees were used as control group.Different types of patients in the IPF-LC group were divided into lung adenocarcinoma group,small cell lung cancer group and l squamous carcinoma group.The expression levels of tumor markers were detected in the three groups,the positive rates of tumor markers in IPF group,IPF-LC group and their subgroups were compared.The results showed that the levels of neuron specific enolase(NSE),antigen CYFRA211,carcinogenic antigen(CEA)and cancer antigen 125(CA125)in IPF and IPF-LC groups were significantly higher than those in control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in CEA and CYFRA211 between IPF-LC group and IPF group.The level of NSE in IPF-LC group was significantly higher than that in IPF group,while the level of CA125 was significantly lower than that in IPF group(P<0.0.5).The difference of positive rate of NES and CA125 in IPF-LC group and IFP group was statistically significant(P<0.05),there was no statistically significant difference in the positive rate of other indicators(P>0.05)The NSE positive rate of IPF group was significantly lower than that of IPF-LC group(P<0.05),the positive rates of other tumor markers were significantly lower than those of each subgroup of IPF-LC group(P<0.05).Therefore,tumor markers in IPF patients showed different degrees of increase,which is worthy of clinical attention.Among them,NSE can be used as an early screening indicator for IPF precancerous lesions.

Study on the Correlation between the Detection of Tumor Markers in Abdominal Effusion and Chemotherapy Sensitivity

Since most patients with ovarian cancer are in the advanced stage when they are prone to recurrence,it is difficult to detect and treat ovarian cancer.There are tumor serum markers in the ascites.Therefore,the study explored the correlation between the serum marker levels of the ascites and chemotherapy sensitivity in patients with ovarian malignant tumors.First,50 patients with nested cancer were selected as research subjects and received treatment,and then immediately 200 mg carboplatin+100 mL normal saline was placed in the abdominal cavity of all patients,which was equivalent to an intraperitoneal chemotherapy.Carboplatin+docetaxel combined with intravenous chemotherapy was started 3 weeks after surgery,and chemotherapy was given every 3 weeks for a total of 5 to 6 courses.The serum levels of CA125,CA199,CEA and AFP in peripheral blood and peripheral blood were determined by ELISA.The results showed that the levels of CA125,CA199,CEA and AFP in serum and ascites after chemotherapy were lower than before chemotherapy(P<0.05).The short-term effective rate of 50 ovarian cancer patients(8 CR,28 PR,12 SD,2 PD)was 72.00%.Therefore,patients with ovarian malignant tumors had a good short-term curative effect after chemotherapy,which can reduce the ascites and serum levels of CA125,CA199,CEA,AFP for clinical reference value dual-mode MRI nanoparticle-mediated photothermal therapy showed good application potential in tumor treatment and diagnosis.

Sensitive Detection of Multiple Tumor Markers for Early Tumor Diagnosis

Tumor markers have a wide clinical applications for early tumor screening and diagnosis.In the study,the combined detection of serum tumor markers(SCC-Ag,CYFRA21-1,CEA,CA125,NSE)was used to explore the correlation and diagnostic efficacy of oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC).First,60 cases of OSCC patients,60 cases of patients with non-OSCC malignant tumors,and 60 cases of patients with healthy physical condition were collected as the control group in the People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from January 2015 to January 2018.Each experimental subject were draw 2 mL of fasting peripheral blood,and the tumor markers of SCC-Ag,CYFRA21-1,CEA,CA125,and NSE concentration were detected in the blood respectively.The results showed that the levels of the 5 of serum tumor markers of OSCC patients were different with those of the non-OSCC malignant tumor group.Compared with the control group,there was a significant difference(P<0.05).And the results showed that the sensitivity,specificity,accuracy,and positive predictive values of CEA,CA125,SCC-Ag,CYFRA21-1,and NSE were significantly improved after combined detection.Therefore,the combined detection of the 5 tumor markers can be used for the early diagnosis of OSCC.

The Level of Circulating Tumor Cells in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Its Relationship with Tumor Markers

Objective:To explore the level of circulating tumor cells in patients with non-small cell lung cancer and its relationship with tumor markers.Methods:Fifty patients with NSCLC admitted to a hospital from March 2019 to February 2022 were retrospectively selected as the research subjects;their clinical data were sorted out and analyzed.All patients were examined for CTCs.According to their levels,the patients were divided into a positive group(30 cases,≥4%)and a negative group(20 cases,<4%).The positive rate of peripheral CTCs in patients with different gender,age,and pathological types of NSCLC,the positive rate of peripheral CTCs in patients with different staging of NSCLC,and the relationship between serum CEA,CA125,CYFRA21-1,and peripheral CTCs were analyzed and observed.Results:There was no significant difference in gender,age,and pathological type between the positive group and the negative group.There was also no significant difference in the T staging,N staging,and M staging between the positive group and the negative group.However,there was significant difference in the clinical staging of the positive group and the negative group.The CEA,CA125,and CYFRA21-1 of the positive group were 7.45±1.26,38.56±4.12,and 5.01±1.36,respectively,whereas those of the negative group were 5.12±1.22,32.69±4.01,and 3.87±1.25,respectively.The comparison between the two groups was statistically significant.Conclusion:CTCs provide the possibility of detecting cancer before the use of imaging methods,guide treatment in combination with other tumor markers,monitor postoperative treatment,and predict patients’outcome.

Correlation between CT dynamic enhanced scanning parameters and serum tumor markers before and after radiofrequency ablation in patients with lung cancer

Objective:To study the correlation between CT dynamic enhanced scanning parameters and serum tumor markers before and after radiofrequency ablation in patients with lung cancer.Methods:60 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer who were treated in this hospital between January 2015 and January 2017 were divided into control group(n=30)and observation group(n=30)by random number table method.Control group received conventional intravenous chemotherapy,and observation group received intravenous chemotherapy combined with radiofrequency ablation.The differences in CT dynamic enhanced scanning parameter levels and serum tumor marker contents were compared between the two groups of patients before and after treatment.Pearson test was used to evaluate the correlation between CT dynamic enhanced scanning parameters and serum tumor marker contents in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.Results:Before treatment,the differences in CT dynamic enhanced scanning parameter levels,non-organ-specific tumor marker contents and vascular tumor marker contents were not statistically significant between the two groups of patients(P>0.05).After treatment,CT dynamic enhanced scanning parameters PH and perfusion value levels of observation group were lower than those of control group(P<0.05);serum non-organ specific tumor markers CA125,CA153,CEA and CYFRA21-1 contents of observation group were lower than those of control group;serum vascular tumor markers VEGF,Ang-2,HIF-1 and MMP-9 contents were lower than those of control group(P<0.05).Pearson test showed that CT dynamic enhanced scanning parameters PH and perfusion value levels in patients with non-small cell lung cancer were positively correlated with serum non-organ specific tumor marker and vascular tumor marker contents.Conclusion:Adjuvant radiofrequency ablation can significantly reduce the tumor malignancy of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

CLINICAL USE OF COMBINED DETECTION WITH TUMOR MARKERS FOR PANCREATIC CANCER

Objective To explore the value of clinical use of combined detection with tumor markers for pan- creatic cancer. Methods Tumor markers CA242,CAl9-9 and CA50 in serum of 32 patinets with pancreatic cancer; 26 patients with non-pancreatic digestive tract cancers and 24 patietns with benign pancreatic or biliary tract diseases were measured by immunoradiometric assay (IRMA). Results The levels of three markers in serum and positive rates or patients with pancreatic cancer were higher than those of other patients. The effect of measurement combining CA242 with CA19-9 was the best. The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of diagnosis for pancreatic cancer were 92.6%, 73.8% and 81.2% respectively. The levels of CA242 and CA19-9 were positively relative to burden of pancre- atic cancer, and serum levels of these two markers of patients with resectable pancreatic cancer were lower than those with unresectable, but on difference was observed for CA50. Conclusion Combined detection of serum CA242 and CA19-9 could prove the effectual indicator for finding the patients with pancreatic cancer in high risk population or for resectable pancreatic cancer. Pre-operative measurement of serum levels of CA242 and CAl9-9 is helpful to evalu- ate the burden of the tumors and possiblity of resect for pancreatic cancers.

Clinical Utility of Tumor Markers

Tumor markers comprise a wide spectrum of biomacromolecules excessively synthesized by a variety of neoplastic cells. These markers can be endogenous products of highly active metabolites from malignant neoplastic cells or the products of newly activated genes. Ideally, tumor markers should be highly sensitive, specific, and reliable with a high prognostic value and organ specificity. In addition, they should reflect the tumor stage. However, no tumor markers identified thus far have all of these characteristics. Nevertheless, most tumor markers show excellent clinical relevance for monitoring the efficacy of a variety of therapies. We herein review how to use the recommended tumor markers to diagnose malignancies, such as gastrointestinal carcinoma, liver cancer, bile duct/pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, gynecologic cancer, and urologic cancer.