Helicobacter pylori tumor necrosis factor-α inducing protein promotes cytokine expression via nuclear factor-κB

AIM:To study the effects of Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori)tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF)inducing protein (Tip-α)on cytokine expression and its mechanism. METHODS:We cloned Tip-αfrom the H.pylori strain 26695,transformed Escherichia coli with an expression plasmid,and then confirmed the expression product by Western blotting.Using different concentrations of Tip-αthat affected SGC7901 and GES-1 cells at different times,we assessed cytokine levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.We blocked SGC7901 cells with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate(PDTC),a specific inhibitor of nuclear factorκB(NF-κB).We then detected interleukin(IL)-1βand TNF-αlevels in SGC7901 cells. RESULTS:Western blot analysis using an anti-Tip-α antibody revealed a 23-kDa protein,which indicated that recombinant Tip-αprotein was recombined successfully.The levels of IL-1β,IL-8 and TNF-αwere sig-nificantly higher following Tip-αinterference,whether GES-1 cells or SGC-7901 cells were used(P<0.05).However,the levels of cytokines(including IL-1β,IL-8 and TNF-α)secreted by SGC-7901 cells were greater than those secreted by GES-1 cells following treatment with Tip-αat the same concentration and for the same duration(P<0.05).After blocking NF-κB with PDTC, the cells(GES-1 cells and SGC-7901 cells)underwent interference with Tip-α.We found that IL-1βand TNF-αlevels were significantly decreased compared to cells that only underwent Tip-αinterference(P<0.05). CONCLUSION:Tip-αplays an important role in cyto-kine expression through NF-κB.

Xuebijing alters tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta and p38 mitogen activated protein kinase content in a rat model of cardiac arrest following cardiopulmonary resuscitation

We established a rat model of cardiac arrest by clamping the endotracheal tube of adult rats at expiration. Twenty-four hours after cardiopulmonary resuscitation, nerve cell injury and expression of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and p38 mitogen activated protein kinase content were increased. Rats injected with Xuebijing, a Chinese herb compound preparation, exhibited normal cellular structure and morphology, dense neuronal cytoplasm, and decreased tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and p38 mitogen activated protein kinase expression at 24 hours following cardiopulmonary resuscitation. These data suggest that Xuebijing can attenuate neuronal injury induced by hypoxia and reperfusion during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Hepatitis B virus X protein up-regulates tumor necrosis factor-α expression in cultured mesangial cells via ERKs and NF-κB pathways

Objective:To investigate the effects of hepatitis B virus(HBV)X protein(HBx)on the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in glomerular mesangial cells(GMCs)and the underlying intracellular signal pathways.Methods:The plasmid pCI-neo-X that carries the X gene of hepatitis B virus was transfected into cultured GMCs.HBx expression in the transfected GMCs was assessed by Western-blot.TNF-αprotein and mRNA were assessed by ELISA and semi-quantitative RT-PCR,respectively.Three kinase inhibitors-U0126,an inhibitor of extracellular signal-regulated kinases(ERKs);lactacvstin,an inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB);and SB203580,a selective inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase(p38 MAPK)were used to determine which intracellular signal pathways may underlie the action of HBx on TNF-αexpression in transfected GMCs.Results:A significant increase in HBx expression in pCI-neo-X transfected GMCs was detected at 36 h and 48 h,which was not affected by any of those kinase inhibitors mentioned above.A similar increase in the expression of both TNF-αprotein and mRNA was also observed at 36 h and 48 h,which was significantly decreased in the presence of U0126 or lactacytin,but not SB203580.Conclusions:HBx upregulates TNF-αexpression in cultured GMCs,possibly through ERKs and NF-κB pathway,but not p38 MAPK pathway.

Effect of Tumor Necrosis Factor-αon Resistin Expression in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and Its Mechanism

Summary: In order to investigate the effect of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) on resistin expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and further explore its mechanisms, the differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were incubated with 0, 1, 10, 100 ng/mL TNFα respectively for 24 h, and then the expression of resistin was determined. The differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were incubated with 100 ng/mL TNFα for 3, 6, 24 h respectively, and then the expression of resistin mRNA was analyzed. 3T3-L1 adipocytes were induced to differentiate into mature adipocytes. The cells were randomly divided into 4 groups for culture. In the control group, no drugs were added. Cells of TNFα group were treated with 100 ng/mL TNFα. In Ro-31-8220 group, 5 μmol/L protein kinase C inhibitor Ro-31-8220 was added. With TNFα+Ro-31-8220 group, 100 ng/mL TNFα were added 1 h after the addition of 5 μmol/L Ro-31-8220. All adipocytes were cultured for 24 h. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting were employed to detect the expression of resistin gene. Our results showed that resistin protein and mRNA in 3T3-L1 adipocytes were inhibited by TNFα at different concentrations (P<0.01), and the inhibitory effect increased with the concentration (P<0.01). At the same concentrations, the inhibitory effect increased with time (P<0.01). Ro-31-8220 could inhibit its expression and the inhibitive effect remained unchanged with addition of TNFα(P>0.05). It was concluded that TNFα could inhibit the expression of resistin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The mechanism may be that the expression of resistin is partly controlled by protein kinase C signal conduction pathway.

Effect of tumor necrosis factor-α on ventricular arrhythmias in rats with acute myocardial infarction in vivo

Acute myocardial infarction （AMI） is an acute cardiovascular emergency. This study was undertaken to assess the effect of tumor necrosis factor-a （TNF-a） on ventricular arrhythmias induced byAMI in rats in vivo. Two hundred and forty male Wistar rats were randomized into a sham- operation group, an AMI group, and a recombinant human tumor necrosis factor receptor：Fc fusion protein（rhTNFR：Fc） group. Acute anterior wall myocardial infarction was produced in the AMI group by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery （LAD）, and there was no ligation but operation in the sham-operation group. The rhTNFR：Fc group was treated with rhTNFR：Fc（10 mg/kg）, a TNF-a antagonist, 24 hours before LAD ligation. The spontaneous and induced programmed electrical stimulation ventricular arrhythmias were recorded at baseline and 10 minutes, 20 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 3 hours, 6 hours and 12 hours after ligation. At the same time the protein and mRNA expression levels of TNF-a among different groups were detected by histochemistry and real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. Expression of TNF-a increased markedly from 10 minutes after infarction, peaked at 20-30 minutes, and returned to baseline gradually in the AMI group and rhTNFR：Fc group. The time- windows of spontaneous and induced ventricular arrhythmias were similar. Compared with the AMI group, the rhTNFR：Fc group showed a lesser expression of TNF-a protein and a lower incidence of ventricular arrhythmias （P〈0.05）. There was no obvious change in the sham-operation group. The expression of TNF-a induced by AMI could contribute to the onset of ventricular arrhythmias.

Altered pattern of tumor necrosis factor-alpha production in peripheral blood monocytes from Crohn's disease

AIM To evaluate the inflammatory state in Crohn's disease(CD) patients and correlate it with genetic background and microbial spreading.METHODS By means of flow cytometry, production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α) was measured in peripheral blood monocytes from patients suffering from CD, ulcerative colitis(UC) and in healthy subjects after stimulation of the NOD2 and TLR pathways. CD patients were genotyped for the three most common NOD2 variants(R702W, G908 R and L1007Pfs*2) and basal production of TNF-α was correlated to NOD2 genotype. Also, production of TNF-α was correlated to plasmatic levels of LPS Binding Protein(LBP), soluble(s) CD14 and to the activity state of the disease.RESULTS The patients with CD were characterized by a significantly higher monocyte basal expression of TNF-αcompared with healthy subjects and UC patients, and after stimulation with Pam3CSK4(ligand of TLR2/1) and MDP-L18(ligand of NOD2) this difference was maintained, while other microbial stimuli(LPS, ligand of TLR4 and Poly I:C, ligand of TLR3) induced massive activation in CD monocytes as well as in UC and in healthy control cells. There was no significant difference in the production of TNF- α between patients who carried CD-associated heterozygous or homozygous variants in NOD2 and patients with wild type NOD2 genotype. Although serum LBP levels have been shown to correlate positively with the state of activity of the disease, TNF-α production did not show a clear correlation with either LBP or s CD14 levels in plasma. Moreover, no clear correlation was seen between TNF-α production and activity indices in either CD or UC.CONCLUSION Peripheral monocytes from CD express higher basal and stimulated TNF-α than controls, regardless of NOD2 genotype and without a clear correlation with disease activity.

Variants of tumor necrosis factor-induced protein 3 gene are associated with left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive patients

Background Tumor necrosis factor-induced protein 3 （TNFAIP3） gene has been shown important in cardiac remodeling. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the variants of TNFAIP3 gene are associated with left ventricular hypertrophy （LVH） in hypertensive patients.Methods Four representatives of all the other single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） in TNFAIP3 gene were tested for association with hypertrophy in two independent hypertensive populations （n=2120 and n=324）.Results We found that only the tag SNP （rs5029939） was consistently lower in the hypertensives with cardiac hypertrophy than in those without cardiac hypertrophy in the two study populations, indicating a protective effect on LVH （odds ratio （OR） （95% confidence interval （CI））0.58 （0.358-0.863）, P=0.035; OR （95% CI）=0.477 （0.225-0.815）, P〈0.05,respectively）. Multiple regression analyses confirmed that the patients with G allele of rs5029939 had less thickness in inter-ventricular septum, left ventricular posterior wall, relative wall thickness and left ventricular mass index than did those with CC allele in the hypertensive patients in both study populations （all P〈0.01）.Conclusion These findings indicate that the SNP （rs5029939） in the TNFAIP3 gene may serve as a novel protective genetic marker for the development of LVH in patients with hypertension

Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Induced Protein 3 Interacting Protein I Gene Polymorphisms and Pustular Psoriasis in Chinese Han Population

Background： Psoriasis is a common immune-mediated inflammatory dermatosis. Generalized pustular psoriasis （GPP） is the severe and rare type of psoriasis. The association between tumor necrosis factor-alpha induced protein 3 interacting protein 1 （TNIP1） gene and psoriasis was confirmed in people with multiple ethnicities. This study was to investigate the association between TNIP1 gene polymorphisms and pustular psoriasis in Chinese Hart population. Methods： Seventy-three patients with GPP, 67 patients with palmoplantar pustulosis （PPP）, and 476 healthy controls were collected from Chinese Hart population. Six single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） of the TNIP1 gene, namely rs3805435, rs3792798, rs3792797, rs869976, rs 17728338, and rs999011 were genotyped by using polymerase chain reaction-ligase detection reaction. Statistical analyses were performed using the PLINK 1.07 package. Allele frequencies and genotyping frequencies for six SNPs were compared by using Chi-square test, odd ratio （OR） （including 95% confidence interval） were calculated. The haplotype analysis was conducted by Haploview software. Results： The frequencies of alleles of five SNPs were significantly different between the GPP group and the control group （P ≤ 7.22 × 10^-3）, especially in the GPP patients without psoriasis vulgaris （PsV）. In the haplotype analysis, the most significantly different haplotype was H4： ACGAAC, with 13.1% frequency in the GPP group but only 3.4% in the control group （OR = 4.16, P = 4.459 × 10^-7）. However, no significant difference in the allele frequencies was found between the PPP group and control group for each of the six SNPs （P 〉 0.05）. Conclusions： Polymorphisms in TNIP1 are associated with GPP in Chinese Han population. However, no association with PPP was found. These findings suggest that TNIPI might be a susceptibility gene for GPE

血清肿瘤坏死因子受体相关因子3和卵泡抑素样蛋白1检测对系统性红斑狼疮患者吗替麦考酚酯治疗无效的预测价值

目的:分析血清肿瘤坏死因子受体相关因子3(TRAF3)和卵泡抑素样蛋白1(FSTL1)水平检测对系统性红斑狼疮患者吗替麦考酚酯治疗无效的预测价值。方法:选择系统性红斑狼疮患者58例为研究对象,采用吗替麦考酚酯治疗,根据治疗效果分为有效组(45例)和无效组(13例)。检测血清TRAF3、FSTL1水平,分析TRAF3、FSTL1与系统性红斑狼疮患者吗替麦考酚酯治疗效果的关系,以及血清TRAF3、FSTL1对系统性红斑狼疮患者吗替麦考酚酯治疗无效的预测价值。结果:系统性红斑狼疮患者经吗替麦考酚酯治疗后,血清TRAF3、FSTL1水平降低(均P<0.05)。与无效组比较,有效组血清TRAF3、FSTL1水平降低(均P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,TRAF3、FSTL1是系统性红斑狼疮患者吗替麦考酚酯治疗效果的影响因素(均P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,血清TRAF3、FSTL1对系统性红斑狼疮患者吗替麦考酚酯治疗无效具有一定的预测价值,且联合检测预测价值更高(均P<0.05)。结论:血清TRAF3、FSTL1高表达与系统性红斑狼疮患者吗替麦考酚酯治疗无效相关,两者联合检测能提升系统性红斑狼疮患者治疗无效风险的预测价值。

TNFAIP3和LINC00887在透明细胞肾细胞癌中的表达及临床预后意义

目的检测肿瘤坏死因子α诱导蛋白3(TNFAIP3)和LINC00887在透明细胞肾细胞癌(ccRCC)组织中的表达水平,并研究其表达水平与临床病理参数和预后的关系。方法选取2013年1月至2018年10月该院收治的101例ccRCC患者,检测TNFAIP3和LINC00887分别在ccRCC癌组织和配对的癌旁组织中的表达水平,分析TNFAIP3、LINC00887表达水平与ccRCC患者临床病理参数和预后关系,并分析ccRCC患者预后不良的影响因素。采用Spearman相关系数分析TNFAIP3、LINC00887表达水平的相关性。结果TNFAIP3在ccRCC中的阳性率(37.62%)显著低于癌旁组织(52.48%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.500,P=0.034)。LINC00887在ccRCC中表达水平(1.38±0.61)显著高于在癌旁组织中的表达水平(1.03±0.43),差异有统计学意义(t=5.396,P<0.001)。TNFAIP3蛋白阳性率在肿瘤最大径≥4.5 cm、TNM分期Ⅲ~Ⅳ期患者中低于在肿瘤最大径<4.5 cm、TNM分期Ⅰ~Ⅱ期患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。LINC00887在肿瘤最大径≥4.5 cm、病理分级Ⅲ~Ⅳ级、TNM分期Ⅲ~Ⅳ期患者中表达高于肿瘤最大径<4.5 cm、病理分级Ⅰ~Ⅱ级、TNM分期Ⅰ~Ⅱ期患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与TNFAIP3高表达组相比,TNFAIP3低表达组ccRCC患者预后较差,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=5.118,P=0.024);与LINC00887低表达组相比,LINC00887高表达组ccRCC患者预后较差,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.638,P=0.031)。TNFAIP3低表达,LINC00887高表达,病理分级Ⅲ~Ⅳ级和TNM分期Ⅲ~Ⅳ期是ccRCC患者预后不良的危险因素(P<0.05)。Spearman秩相关分析结果,TNFAIP3、LINC00887表达水平在ccRCC中呈负相关(r=-0.638,P=0.012)。结论ccRCC癌组织中TNFAIP3表达水平下调、LINC00887表达水平上调,且呈负相关性,二者可能共同调控ccRCC发生发展,具有成为评估ccRCC患者预后肿瘤标志物的潜力。

冠心宁通过TNFAIP3-ASK1/JNK通路对动脉粥样硬化血管平滑肌细胞表型转换的调控作用

目的探讨冠心宁(GXN)调控动脉粥样硬化(AS)斑块稳定性的分子机制。方法制备含有GXN药物的血清,利用氧化低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)诱导血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC)构建AS体外模型,Western blot和qPCR检测VSMC表型转换情况。通过沉默肿瘤坏死因子α诱导蛋白3(TNFAIP3),检测GXN对VSMC表型转换的影响。构建凋亡信号调节激酶1(ASK1)过表达载体,并利用Lip3000转染进细胞,检测GXN是否通过凋亡信号调节激酶1/c-Jun氨基末端激酶(ASK1/JNK)通路发挥作用。结果与对照组比较,ox-LDL组的细胞表型转换,表现为I型胶原蛋白(COLIA1和COLIA2)、TNFAIP3和α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)的表达水平降低(均P<0.01),基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)2、MMP9、MMP13、骨桥蛋白(OPN)、ASK1磷酸化与ASK1比值(p-ASK1/ASK1)、JNK磷酸化与JNK比值(p-JNK/JNK)升高(均P<0.01);GXN处理后VSMC表型转换为收缩型,表现为与ox-LDL组相比COLIA1、COLIA2和α-SMA水平增高(均P<0.01),MMP2、MMP9、MMP13、OPN、TNFAIP3的表达水平、p-ASK1/ASK1以及p-JNK/JNK都降低(均P<0.01)。沉默TNFAIP3后,与ox-LDL+10%GXN+sh-NC组相比,COLIA1、COLIA2、TNFAIP3和α-SMA水平降低(均P<0.01),MMP2、MMP9、MMP13、OPN、p-ASK1/ASK1以及p-JNK/JNK都升高(均P<0.01)。过表达ASK1后,与ox-LDL+10%GXN+oe-NC组相比,COLIA1、COLIA2和α-SMA的表达水平降低(均P<0.01),MMP2、MMP9、MMP13、OPN、p-ASK1/ASK1以及p-JNK/JNK都升高(均P<0.01)。结论GXN可能通过TNFAIP3调控ASK1/JNK通路介导VSMC表型转换,从而起到稳定动脉硬化斑块的作用。

自发性急性脑出血患者血浆sCD163/sTWEAK比值与预后的关系

目的探究自发性急性脑出血(ACH)患者血浆可溶性CD163(sCD163)/可溶性肿瘤坏死因子样凋亡弱诱导因子(sTWEAK)比值与预后的关系。方法纳入ACH患者90例作为病例组,根据格拉斯哥预后评分将病例组分为预后不良组(38例)和预后良好组(52例);另选取同期体检健康者45例为对照组。酶联免疫吸附试验检测血浆sCD163、sTWEAK水平并计算sCD163/sTWEAK比值。分析血浆sCD163、sTWEAK水平及sCD163/sTWEAK比值与临床资料的相关性;Logistic回归分析ACH患者预后不良的影响因素;受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析sCD163/sTWEAK比值对ACH患者预后不良的预测价值。结果病例组血浆sCD163、sTWEAK水平及sCD163/sTWEAK比值均显著高于对照组;预后良好组上述指标均低于预后不良组(P<0.05)。预后良好组血肿体积、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分、高血压及幕下出血比例均低于预后不良组,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)高于预后不良组(P<0.05)。相关性分析表明,血浆sCD163、sTWEAK水平及sCD163/sTWEAK比值与出血部位、血肿体积、NIHSS评分、白细胞计数、血小板计数、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)呈正相关(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,sCD163/sTWEAK比值、出血部位、血肿体积、NIHSS评分为ACH患者预后不良的影响因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线结果表明,sCD163/sTWEAK比值评估ACH患者预后不良的AUC为0.850,敏感度和特异度分别为86.84%和69.23%。结论sCD163/sTWEAK比值在ACH患者血浆中水平较高,并与预后不良有关,该值对此类患者的预后有一定预测价值。

益气续骨方调节PI3K/Akt信号通路对激素性股骨头坏死大鼠骨代谢的影响

目的探究益气续骨方调节磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(Akt)信号通路对激素性股骨头坏死大鼠骨代谢的影响。方法将50只SD雄性大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、益气续骨方低剂量组、益气续骨方高剂量组、益气续骨方+LY294002组,每组10只。除正常组外,其余组大鼠右臀肌肉注射醋酸泼尼松龙注射液4周建立激素性股骨头坏死模型。造模结束后,益气续骨方低、高剂量组大鼠分别给予益气续骨方0.5 mL(含生药0.285 g/mL)和1 mL(含生药0.57 g/mL)灌胃,益气续骨方+LY294002组大鼠给予益气续骨方1 mL灌胃并腹腔注射6 mg/kg的LY294002,正常组和模型组给予等体积生理盐水灌胃,均1次/d,连续干预8周。ELISA检测大鼠血清白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、血钙、血磷、骨保护素(OPG)、骨钙素(OCN)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)水平,Micro-CT检测观察股骨头形态,HE染色观察股骨头组织病理形态,TRAP染色观察破骨细胞生成情况,Western blot法检测股骨头组织中骨特异性转录因子2(Runx2)、骨形态发生蛋白2(BMP-2)、裂解半胱天冬酶-3(Cleaved-Caspase-3)、PI3K、Akt蛋白表达情况。结果与正常组比较,模型组大鼠血清IL-4、IL-6、TNF-α、OPG、ALP水平和骨小梁分离度(Tb.Sp)、空骨陷窝率及股骨头组织中Cleaved-Caspase-3蛋白相对表达量均明显升高(P均<0.05),血钙、血磷、OCN水平和骨体积分数(BV/TV)、骨小梁数目(Tb.N)、骨小梁厚度(Tb.Th)及股骨头组织中Runx2、BMP-2、p-PI3K/PI3K、p-Akt/Akt蛋白相对表达量均明显降低(P均<0.05),破骨细胞数量增多,股骨头破坏、骨小梁空间结构紊乱;与模型组比较,益气续骨方低、高剂量组大鼠血清IL-4、IL-6、TNF-α、OPG、ALP水平和Tb.Sp、空骨陷窝率及股骨头组织中Cleaved-Caspase-3蛋白相对表达量均明显降低(P均<0.05),血钙、血磷、OCN水平和BV/TV、Tb.N、Tb.Th及股骨头组织中Runx2、BMP-2、p-PI3K/PI3K、p-Akt/Akt蛋白相对表达量均明显升高(P均<0.05),破骨细胞数量减少,股骨头破坏程度减轻,骨小梁空间结构形态改善;LY294002可减弱益气续骨方对上述指标的改善作用,各指标与益气续骨方高剂量组比较差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论益气续骨方可改善激素性股骨头坏死大鼠骨代谢,降低炎症因子水平,减少破骨细胞数量,减轻大鼠股骨头坏死,机制可能与激活PI3K/Akt信号通路有关。

血清IRS-1和CTRP3水平与妊娠糖尿病患者不良妊娠结局的相关性

目的分析血清胰岛素底物受体-1(IRS-1)、C1q肿瘤坏死因子相关蛋白-3(CTRP3)水平与妊娠糖尿病(GDM)患者不良妊娠结局的相关性。方法采用前瞻性研究,选取2021年1月至2023年12月在陕西中医药大学第二附属医院分娩的132例GDM孕妇为患病组[年龄(28.76±3.18)岁,体重指数(BMI)为(25.72±2.82)kg/m^(2),孕周(38.06±1.42)周,经产孕妇66例,阴道分娩82例],根据妊娠结局分为良好结局组(80例)与不良结局组(52例);另选同期分娩的健康孕妇132名为对照组[年龄(28.65±3.06)岁,BMI(25.31±2.67)kg/m^(2),孕周(38.21±1.33)周,经产孕妇60例,阴道分娩86例]。对不同妊娠结局GDM患者临床资料进行单因素分析,多因素logistic回归分析孕妇不良妊娠结局的影响因素,绘制受试者操作特征曲线(ROC)分析IRS-1、CTRP3对GDM患者不良妊娠结局的诊断价值,分析IRS-1、CTRP3与临床指标及孕妇妊娠结局的相关性。统计学方法采用χ^(2)检验、t检验、Pearson及Spearman相关性分析。结果患病组血清IRS-1、CTRP3水平均低于对照组[(1.82±0.21)μg/L比(2.33±0.28)μg/L、(353.51±38.14)ng/L比(425.95±45.21)ng/L],差异均有统计学意义(t=16.74、14.07,均P<0.05);不良结局组血清IRS-1、CTRP3水平均低于良好结局组,空腹血糖(FBG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)水平均高于良好结局组,差异均有统计学意义(t=8.61、7.49、7.26、8.40、32.73,均P<0.05);FBG、HbAlc、HOMA-IR水平升高均为影响患者不良妊娠结局的危险因素[比值比(OR)=1.498,95%置信区间(CI)1.099~2.042;OR=1.698,95%CI 1.092~2.639;OR=2.014,95%CI 1.063~3.816;均P<0.05],IRS-1、CTRP3均为影响患者不良妊娠结局的保护因素[OR=0.774,95%CI 0.621~0.964;OR=0.731,95%CI 0.573~0.932;均P<0.05];ROC显示,IRS-1、CTRP3联合诊断患者不良妊娠结局的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.899,联合诊断的AUC优于IRS-1、CTRP3单独诊断(Z=2.094、2.056,均P<0.05);IRS-1、CTRP3与孕妇妊娠结局及FBG、HbAlc、HOMA-IR均呈负相关(均P<0.05)。结论不良妊娠结局GDM患者血清IRS-1、CTRP3水平降低,二者联合对患者不良妊娠结局有一定预测价值。

CTRP3联合NT-proBNP对MVD患者发生HHcy的预测价值

目的探讨补体C1q/肿瘤坏死因子相关蛋白3(CTRP3)联合N末端B型利钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)对冠状动脉(冠脉)多支病变(MVD)患者发生高同型半胱氨酸血症(HHcy)的预测价值。方法回顾性分析200例MVD患者的临床资料,根据血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平是否>15μmol/L分为高Hcy组(111例)和正常Hcy组(89例)。比较两组基线资料[年龄、性别、冠心病病程、吸烟史、糖尿病病史、高血压病史、体质量指数(BMI)],生化指标(NT-proBNP、尿酸(UA)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、Hcy、CTRP3),采用二元Logistic回归分析法分析影响MVD患者发生HHcy危险因素,绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析CTRP3联合NT-proBNP对MVD患者发生HHcy的预测效能。结果两组年龄、高血压病史、BMI、UA、TG、TC、HDL-C比较均无统计学差异(P>0.05);高Hcy组男性患者数量70例、冠心病病程(6.66±4.49)年、吸烟史55例、糖尿病病史60例,均大于正常Hcy组的36例、(3.67±2.31)年、28例、17例,NT-proBNP(5234.95±7476.76)pg/ml、LDL-C(3.55±0.95)mmol/L、Hcy(44.75±12.48)μmol/L均高于正常Hcy组的(1296.94±3864.78)pg/ml、(2.95±0.88)mmol/L、(10.58±2.80)μmol/L,CTRP3(65.20±13.61)μg/L低于正常Hcy组的(88.69±14.94)μg/L,两组间比较差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示:男性[OR=3.745,95%CI=(1.398,10.030)]、糖尿病病史[OR=3.262,95%CI=(1.264,8.417)]、冠心病病程[OR=1.194,95%CI=(1.022,1.394)]、LDL-C[OR=2.254,95%CI=(1.337,3.800)]为导致MVD患者发生HHcy的独立危险因素,而CTRP3[OR=0.902,95%CI=(0.873,0.933)]为其独立保护因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线结果显示:CTRP3联合NT-proBNP预测MVD患者发生HHcy的AUC为0.901,敏感度为83.8%,特异度为86.5%,优于LDL-C、NT-proBNP或CTRP3单独预测(P<0.05)。结论性别、糖尿病病史、冠心病病程、LDL-C为导致MVD患者发生HHcy的独立危险因素,而CTRP3为其独立保护因素。血清CTRP3联合NT-proBNP可提高MVD患者发生HHcy的预测价值。

CTRP3与T2DM骨代谢的关联及对骨折风险的预测效能

目的分析C1q肿瘤坏死因子相关蛋白3(CTRP3)与2型糖尿病(T2DM)骨代谢的关联及对骨折风险的预测效能。方法选取121例T2DM患者,根据CTRP3检测结果,将CTRP3<300 ng/mL的63例患者列为低水平组,将CTRP3≥300 ng/mL的58例患者列为高水平组,分析CTRP3与骨代谢指标的关联,分析T2DM骨折的危险因素,以及CTRP3对骨折风险的预测效能。结果低水平组的骨密度、骨保护素(OPG)、骨特异性碱性磷酸酶(BALP)均低于高水平组,1型胶原C端β特殊序列(β-CTX)高于高水平组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。CTRP3表达与骨密度、OPG、BALP正相关,与β-CTX负相关。骨折组的CTRP3、骨密度、OPG、BALP均低于未骨折组,β-CTX高于未骨折组(P<0.05)。CTRP3、骨密度、OPG、BALP、β-CTX为导致T2DM骨折的危险因素。CTRP3对T2DM骨折风险有较高预测效能。结论CTRP3与T2DM患者的骨代谢水平密切相关,通过检测CTRP3表达能实现对其骨折风险的早期预测。

Killing effect of TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand regulated by tetracycline on gastric cancer cell line NCI-N87

AIM: To clone the cDNA fragment of human TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) into a tetracycline-regulated gene expression system, the RevTet-On system, transduce expression vectors into a gastric carcinoma cell line-NCI-N87 and examine the effects of controlled expression of TRAIL in vitro on the gastric carcinoma cells. METHODS: The full-length cDNA of TRAIL was inserted into a vector under the control of the tetracycline-responsive element (TRE) to obtain the plasmid pRevTRE-TRAIL, which was transfected into a packaging cell line PT67. In addition, vector pRev-Tet On and pRevTRE were also transfected into PT67 separately. After hygromycin and G418 selection, the viral titer was determined. The medium containing retroviral vectors was collected and used to transduce a gastric carcinoma cell line NCI-N87. The resulting cell line NCI-N87-Tet On TRE-TRAIL and a control cell line, NCI-N87 Tet On-TRE, were established. TRAIL expression in the cell line was induced by incubating cells with doxycycline (Dox), which is a tetracycline analogue. The killing effect on gastric carcinoma cells was analyzed after induction. RESULTS: The recombinant plasmid pRev-TRE-TRAIL was constructed. After hygromycin or G418 selection, the producer cell lines PT67-TRE, PT67-TRE-TRAIL and PT67-Tet On were obtained,with titers of about 10(8)CFU.L(-1). By transducing NCI-N87 cells with retroviral vectors from these cell lines, stable cell lines NCI-N87-Tet-On TRE-TRAIL (NN3T) and control cell line NCI-N87-Tet-On-TRE (NN2T) were established. The growth curves of the selected cell lines were the same with the wild type NCI-N87. When Dox was added, cell death was obvious in the test groups (29%-77%), whereas no difference was observed in control and wild type cell lines. With the addition of a medium from the test group, human leukemia cell line Jurkat was activated till death (83%), indicating the secretion of active TRAIL proteins from the test cells to the medium. CONCLUSION: With the use of the RevTet-On system, a regulated expression system for TRAIL was constructed. Using this system, the selected killing effect of TRAIL on gastric carcinoma cell line NCI-N87 could be observed.

Effect of surfactant protein A on lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-α expression in human proximal tubular epithelial cells

Background Surfactant protein A （SP-A） contributes to the regulation of sepsis-induced acute lung injury.In a previous study,we demonstrated the expression and localization of SP-A in the kidneys.The present study evaluated the effect of SP-A on lipopolysaccharide （LPS）-induced tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） expression and its underlying mechanisms in the human renal tubular epithelial （HK-2） cells.Methods Indirect immunofiuorescence assay was used to detect SP-A distribution and expression in HK-2 cells.HK-2 cells were treated with various concentrations of LPS （0,0.1,1,2,5,and 10 mg/L） for 8 hours and with 5 mg/L LPS for different times （0,2,4,8,16,and 24 hours） to determine the effects of LPS on SP-A and TNF-α expression.Then,HK-2 cells were transfected with SP-A siRNA to analyze nuclear factor κB （NF-κB） P65 and TNF-α expression of HK-2 cells after LPS-treatment.Results Indirect immunofluorescence assay revealed that SP-A is localized to the membrane and cytoplasm of HK-2 cells.Interestingly,SP-A1/SP-A2 and TNF-α expression were found to be significantly increased in HK-2 cells upon LPS treatment.Transfection of LPS-treated HK-2 cells with SP-A siRNA resulted in significant increases in the levels of NF-κB P65 protein and TNF-α mRNA and protein compared to those in non-transfected LPS-treated HK-2 cells.Conclusion SP-A plays an important role in protecting cells against sepsis-induced acute kidney injury by inhibiting NF-κB activity to modulate LPS-induced increase in TNF-α expression.

“Three Methods and Three Points” regulates p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord in a rat model of sciatic nerve injury

Tuina is a traditional Chinese treatment for sensory disturbances caused by peripheral nerve injury and related diseases. Our previous studies showed that tuina regulates relevant regions and indices of the spinal dorsal horn using the Dian, Bo, and Rou method in Yinmen（BL37）, Yanglingquan（GB34）, and Weizhong（BL40）. Treatment prevents muscle atrophy, protects spinal cord neurons, and promotes sciatic nerve repair. The mechanisms of action of tuina for treating peripheral nerve injury remain poorly understood. This study established rat models of sciatic nerve injury using the crushing method. Rats received Chinese tuina in accordance with the principle of ＂Three Methods and Three Points,＂ once daily for 20 days. Tuina intervention reduced paw withdrawal latency and improved wet weight of the gastrocnemius muscle, as well as promoting morphological recovery of sciatic nerve fibers, Schwann cells, and axons. The protein expression levels of phospho-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β also decreased. These findings indicate that ＂Three Methods and Three Points＂ promoted morphological recovery and improved behavior of rats with peripheral nerve injury.

TRAF2-MLK3 interaction is essential for TNF-α-induced MLK3 activation

Mixed lineage kinase 3 （MLK3） is a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase that is activated by tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） and specifically activates c-Jun N-terminal kinase （JNK） on TNF-a stimulation. The mecha- nism by which TNF-α activates MLK3 is still not known. TNF receptor-associated factors （TRAFs） are adapter molecules that are recruited to cytoplasmic end of TNF receptor and mediate the downstream signaling, including activation of JNK. Here, we report that MLK3 associates with TRAF2, TRAF5 and TRAF6; however only TRAF2 can significantly induce the kinase activity of MLK3. The interaction domain of TRAF2 maps to the TRAF domain and for MLK3 to its C-terminal half （amino acids 511-847）. Endogenous TRAF2 and MLK3 associate with each other in response to TNF-α treatment in a time-dependent manner. The association between MLK3 and TRAF2 mediates MLK3 activation and competition with the TRAF2 deletion mutant that binds to MLK3 attenuates MLK3 kinase activity in a dose-dependent manner, on TNF-α treatment. Furthermore the downstream target of MLK3, JNK was activated by TNF-α in a TRAF2-dependent manner. Hence, our data show that the direct interaction between TRAF2 and MLK3 is required for TNF-α-induced activation of MLK3 and its downstream target, JNK.