Risk Factors for Geo-Helminthiasis in Children Aged 6 - 36 Months in a Rural Health District in Cameroon

Introduction and Objectives: Soil-Transmitted-Helminthiasis (STH) is a public health problem in Cameroon. The control strategies currently in place, particularly chemoprevention, has shortcomings linked to the target population, which are school-age children. The objective was to determine the prevalence and the risk factors associated with geo-helminthiasis in children aged 0 to 3 years in a rural health district. Method: From December 2020 to May 2021, a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study of 376 children between 6 and 36 months was carried out in the Akonolinga health district. This was a cluster sampling in 4 health areas. Stool samples were collected and analysed using the mini-FLOTAC method. The results expressed as the number of eggs per gram of stool. A questionnaire on socio-demographic and lifestyle data was administered to the parents. The Chi-squared test was used to measure the association between geo-helminth infection and the data collected. A multivariate analysis using logistic regression was performed (p 0.05). Results: The prevalence of STH was 19.4% (Ascaris lumbricoides: 16% and Trichuris trichiura: 8%). Risk factors were: consumption of contaminated water (AOR = 1.93 [1.03 - 3.6];p = 0.040), early contact of the child with the ground (before age of 4 months) (AOR = 4.9 [2.1 - 11.37];p .001), habit of walking barefoot (AOR = 2.91 [1.1 - 7.97];p = 0.038), and living in a habitat with unpaved ground (AOR = 7.4 [1.55 - 35.7];p = 0.012). Conclusion: The prevalence of STHs in infants was high. Preventive chemotherapy should be extended to this age-group, and other measures intensified.

Factors Associated with Acute Respiratory Infections in Children Aged 0 - 5 Years in the Yénawa District of Cotonou (Benin) in 2023

Introduction: Acute respiratory infections remain one of the main causes of mortality in children aged 0 to 5. This work aimed to study the associated factors with the occurrence of acute respiratory infections in children 0 to 5 years old in Yénawa, Cotonou in 2023. Subjects and Method: It was an analytical cross-sectional study of children aged 0 - 5 years and their mothers in Yénawa, selected by four-degree random sampling. The sampling size, calculated using the Schwartz formula, was 126 children and 126 mothers. The dependent variable was the occurrence of acute respiratory infections. The independent variables were classified into four groups: socio-demographic and economic characteristics, behavioral factors, child-related factors, and environmental factors. Data collected by observation and questionnaire survey were analyzed using STATA version 15 software. Associated factors were investigated by bivariate analysis and multiple logistic regression, at the 5% significance level. Results: A total of 126 children aged 0 - 5 years and 126 mothers were surveyed, aged 23.5 (11 - 36) months and 30 (18 - 48) years respectively. The prevalence of acute respiratory infections was 74.60% (CI95% = 66.89 to 82.30). The associated factors were the mother’s age between 18 and 28 (OR = 10.77;CI95% = 1.89 to 61.27;p = 0.007), the use of charcoal/wood for cooking (OR = 7.36;IC = 1.99 to 27.10;p = 0.003)), children's poor personal hygiene (OR = 8.87;IC = 2.92 to 26.97;p 0.001)), and cohabitation with domestic animals (OR = 7.27;IC = 1.67 to 31.71;p = 0.015). Conclusion: Communicating with mothers about the factors identified will help reduce the prevalence of acute respiratory infections in children aged 0 to 5.

Neuroprotective effects of exogenous brain-derived neurotrophic factor on amyloid-beta 1-40-induced retinal degeneration

Amyloid-beta(Aβ)-related alterations,similar to those found in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease,have been observed in the retina of patients with glaucoma.Decreased levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)are believed to be associated with the neurotoxic effects of Aβpeptide.To investigate the mechanism underlying the neuroprotective effects of BDNF on Aβ_(1-40)-induced retinal injury in Sprague-Dawley rats,we treated rats by intravitreal administration of phosphate-buffered saline(control),Aβ_(1-40)(5 nM),or Aβ_(1-40)(5 nM)combined with BDNF(1μg/mL).We found that intravitreal administration of Aβ_(1-40)induced retinal ganglion cell apoptosis.Fluoro-Gold staining showed a significantly lower number of retinal ganglion cells in the Aβ_(1-40)group than in the control and BDNF groups.In the Aβ_(1-40)group,low number of RGCs was associated with increased caspase-3 expression and reduced TrkB and ERK1/2 expression.BDNF abolished Aβ_(1-40)-induced increase in the expression of caspase-3 at the gene and protein levels in the retina and upregulated TrkB and ERK1/2 expression.These findings suggest that treatment with BDNF prevents RGC apoptosis induced by Aβ_(1-40)by activating the BDNF-TrkB signaling pathway in rats.

MicroRNA-584-5p/RUNX family transcription factor 2 axis mediates hypoxia-induced osteogenic differentiation of periosteal stem cells

BACKGROUND The hypoxic environment during bone healing is important in regulating the differentiation of periosteal stem cells(PSCs)into osteoblasts or chondrocytes;however,the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.AIM To determine the effect of hypoxia on PSCs,and the expression of microRNA-584-5p(miR-584-5p)and RUNX family transcription factor 2(RUNX2)in PSCs was modulated to explore the impact of the miR-584-5p/RUNX2 axis on hypoxiainduced osteogenic differentiation of PSCs.METHODS In this study,we isolated primary mouse PSCs and stimulated them with hypoxia,and the characteristics and functional genes related to PSC osteogenic differentiation were assessed.Constructs expressing miR-584-5p and RUNX2 were established to determine PSC osteogenic differentiation.RESULTS Hypoxic stimulation induced PSC osteogenic differentiation and significantly increased calcified nodules,intracellular calcium ion levels,and alkaline phosphatase(ALP)activity in PSCs.Osteogenic differentiation-related factors such as RUNX2,bone morphogenetic protein 2,hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha,and ALP were upregulated;in contrast,miR-584-5p was downregulated in these cells.Furthermore,upregulation of miR-584-5p significantly inhibited RUNX2 expression and hypoxia-induced PSC osteogenic differentiation.RUNX2 was the target gene of miR-584-5p,antagonizing miR-584-5p inhibition in hypoxia-induced PSC osteogenic differentiation.CONCLUSION Our study showed that the interaction of miR-584-5p and RUNX2 could mediate PSC osteogenic differentiation induced by hypoxia.

Diagnostic Value of VEGF,CA 19-9,and CEA in Pancreatic Cancer and Risk Factors of Vascular Invasion

Background:Pancreatic cancer is a malignant tumor of the gastrointestinal tract.Due to its insidious onset,most patients with newly diagnosed pancreatic cancer have missed the opportunity for radical surgery,which offers patients the best chance of survival.The 5-year survival rate of patients with pancreatic cancer can be improved with early diagnosis,and serum tumor makers are an inexpensive and convenient diagnostic tool that is widely used in the diagnosis of malignancies.Objective:To determine the diagnostic value of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA 19-9),and carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)in patients with pancreatic cancer and the risk factors of vascular invasion.Methods:An experimental group comprising 52 patients with pancreatic cancer admitted to our department from July 2021 to July 2022 and a control group comprising 21 patients with benign pancreatic diseases during the same period were included in our study.Their serum VEGF,CA 19-9,and CEA levels were detected and compared between the two groups,and the correlation between the three markers in the invaded vessel and non-invaded vessel groups was investigated.The diagnostic value of a single tumor marker and in combination for pancreatic cancer was analyzed,and the three tumor marker levels of the experimental group in different pathological characteristics were detected and compared.Results:The experimental group had higher serum VEGF,CA 19-9,and CEA levels than the control group(P<0.05).Through a receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis,the combined detection had the highest value for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer,in which the area under the curve(AUC)was 0.9158(95%CI:0.8415-0.9900),while the sensitivity and specificity were 76.19%and 98.08%,respectively.Serum VEGF and CA 19-9 levels were higher in stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ pancreatic cancer patients and those with tumor metastasis compared with stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ patients and those without metastasis(P<0.05),respectively.Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the risk factors of vascular invasion in pancreatic cancer,and the results showed that only serum VEGF was a risk factor(P<0.05),OR(95%CI):1.001-1.006.Conclusion:Patients with pancreatic cancer have significantly higher serum VEGF,CA 19-9,and CEA levels,and the combined detection of tumor markers is of high clinical value in its diagnosis.In addition,serum VEGF is an independent risk factor of vascular invasion in pancreatic cancer,which can predict vascular invasion to a certain extent.

Targeted anti-cancer therapy: Co-delivery of VEGF siRNA and Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) via cRGD-modified lipid nanoparticles for enhanced anti-angiogenic efficacy

Anti-tumor angiogenesis therapy, targeting the suppression of blood vessel growth in tumors, presents a potent approach in the battle against cancer. Traditional therapies have primarily concentrated on single-target techniques, with a specific emphasis on targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor, but have not reached ideal therapeutic efficacy. In response to this issue, our study introduced a novel nanoparticle system known as CS-siRNA/PEITC&L-cRGD NPs. These chitosan-based nanoparticles have been recognized for their excellent biocompatibility and ability to deliver genes. To enhance their targeted delivery capability, they were combined with a cyclic RGD peptide (cRGD). Targeted co-delivery of gene and chemotherapeutic agents was achieved through the use of a negatively charged lipid shell and cRGD, which possesses high affinity for integrin αvβ3 overexpressed in tumor cells and neovasculature. In this multifaceted approach, co-delivery of VEGF siRNA and phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) was employed to target both tumor vascular endothelial cells and tumor cells simultaneously. The co-delivery of VEGF siRNA and PEITC could achieve precise silencing of VEGF, inhibit the accumulation of HIF-1α under hypoxic conditions, and induce apoptosis in tumor cells. In summary, we have successfully developed a nanoparticle delivery platform that utilizes a dual mechanism of action of anti-tumor angiogenesis and pro-tumor apoptosis, which provides a robust and potent strategy for the delivery of anti-cancer therapeutics.

MT_1-MMP和Factor Ⅷ在人脑胶质瘤中表达差异及其意义

目的探讨膜型基质金属蛋白酶-1(MT1-MMP)和FactorⅧ在人脑胶质瘤中的表达及两者之间的关系。方法用免疫组织化学SP法检测45例人脑胶质瘤组织和10例正常人脑组织中MT1-MMP和FactorⅧ的表达。结果正常人脑组织中无MT1-MMP表达,高级别脑胶质瘤组织(Ⅲ、Ⅳ)中MT1-MMP和FactorⅧ的阳性表达率显著高于低级别胶质瘤组织(Ⅰ、Ⅱ),并且两者的表达呈显著正相关性。结论MT1-MMP在高级别脑胶质瘤组织中高表达,其表达与脑胶质瘤的进展和侵袭密切相关,可作为脑胶质瘤恶性表型的有用指标。MT1-MMP可能在脑胶质瘤的血管生成中发挥重要的调控作用。

Factors associated with early virological response to peginterferon-α-2a/ribavirin in chronic hepatitis C

AIM: To evaluate the impact of sociodemographic/clinical factors on early virological response (EVR) to pegin-terferon/ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C (CHC) in clinical practice. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter, cross-sectional, observational study in Hepatology Units of 91 Spanish hospitals. CHC patients treated with peginterferon α-2a plus ribavirin were included. EVR was defined as undetectable hepatitis C virus (HCV)-ribonucleic acid (RNA) or ≥ 2 log HCV-RNA decrease after 12 wk of treatment. A bivariate analysis of sociodemographic and clinical variables associated with EVR was carried out. Independent factors associated with an EVR were analyzed using a multiple regression analysis that included the following baseline demographic and clinical variables: age (≤ 40 years vs > 40 years), gender, race, educational level, marital status and family status, weight, alcohol and tobacco consumption, source of HCV infection, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) (≤ 85 IU/mL vs > 85 IU/mL), serum ferritin, serum HCV-RNA concentration (< 400 000 vs ≥ 400 000), genotype (1/4 vs 3/4), cirrhotic status and ribavirin dose (800/1000/1200 mg/d).RESULTS: A total of 1014 patients were included in the study. Mean age of the patients was 44.3 ± 9.8 years, 70% were male, and 97% were Caucasian. The main sources of HCV infection were intravenous drug abuse (25%) and blood transfusion (23%). Seventyeight percent were infected with HCV genotype 1/4 (68% had genotype 1) and 22% with genotypes 2/3. The HCV-RNA level was > 400 000 IU/mL in 74% of patients. The mean ALT and AST levels were 88.4 ± 69.7 IU/mL and 73.9 ± 64.4 IU/mL, respectively, and mean GGT level was 82 ± 91.6 IU/mL. The mean ferritin level was 266 ± 284.8 μg/L. Only 6.2% of patients presented with cirrhosis. All patients received 180 mg of peginterferon α-2a. The most frequently used ribavirin doses were 1000 mg/d (41%) and 1200 mg/d (41%). The planned treatment duration was 48 wk for 92% of patients with genotype 2/3 and 24 wk for 97% of those with genotype 1/4 (P < 0.001). Seven percent of patients experienced at least one reduction in ribavirin or peginterferon α-2a dose, respectively. Only 2% of patients required a dose reduction of both drugs. Treatment was continued until week 12 in 99% of patients. Treatment compliance was ≥ 80% in 98% of patients. EVR was achieved in 87% of cases (96% vs 83% of patients with genotype 2/3 and 1/4, respectively; P < 0.001). The bivariate analysis showed that patients who failed to achieve EVR were older (P < 0.005), had higher ALT (P < 0.05), AST (P < 0.05), GGT (P < 0.001) and ferritin levels (P < 0.001), a diagnosis of cirrhosis (P < 0.001), and a higher baseline viral load (P < 0.05) than patients reaching an EVR. Age < 40 years [odds ratios (OR): 0.543, 95%CI: 0.373-0.790, P < 0.01], GGT < 85 IU/mL (OR: 3.301, 95%CI: 0.192-0.471, P < 0.001), low ferritin levels (OR: 0.999, 95%CI: 0.998-0.999, P < 0.01) and genotype other than 1/4 (OR: 4.716, 95%CI: 2.010-11.063, P < 0.001) were identified as independent predictors for EVR in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: CHC patients treated with peginterferon-α-2a/ribavirin in clinical practice show high EVR. Older age, genotype 1/4, and high GGT were associated with lack of EVR.

A comparative study on crash-influencing factors by facility types on urban expressway

This study aims at identifying crash-influencing factors by facility type of Nagoya Urban Expressway, considering the interaction of geometry, traffic flow, and ambient conditions. Crash rate （CR） model is firstly developed separately at four facility types： basic, merge, and diverge segments and sharp curve. Traffic flows are thereby categorized, and based on the traffic categories, the significances of factors affecting crashes are analyzed by principal component analysis. The results reveal that, the CR at merge segment is significantly higher than those at basic and diverge segments in uncongested flow, while the value is not significantly different at the three facility types in congested flow. In both un- and congested flows, sharp curve has the worst safety performance in view of its highest CR. Regarding influencing factors, geometric design and traffic flow are most significant in un- and congested flows, respectively. As mainline flow increases, the effect of merging ratio affecting crash is on the rise at basic and merge segments as opposed to the decreasing significance of diverging ratio at diverge segment. Mean- while, longer acceleration and deceleration lanes are adverse to safety in uncongested flow, while shorter acceleration and deceleration lanes are adverse in congested flow. Due to its special geometric design, crashes at sharp curve are highly associated with the large centrifugal force and heavy restricted visibility.

Effects of L-3-n-butylphthalide on caspase-3 and nuclear factor kappa-B expression in primary basal forebrain and hippocampal cultures after beta-amyloid peptide 1-42 treatment

BACKGROUND： L-3-n-butylphthalide （L-NBP） can inhibit phosphorylation of tau protein and reduce the neurotoxicity of beta-amyloid peptide 1-42 （Aβ1-42）. OBJECTIVE： To observe the neuroprotective effects of L-NBP on caspase-3 and nuclear factor kappa-B （NF- K B） expression in a rat model of Alzheimer＇s disease. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A cell experiment was performed at the Central Laboratory of Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University between January 2008 and August 2008. MATERIALS： L-NBP （purity 〉 98%） was provided by Shijiazhuang Pharma Group NBP Pharmaceutical Company Limited. Aβ1-42, 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazolo-2]-2,5 iphenyltetrazolium bromide （MTT）, and rabbit anti-Caspase-3 polyclonal antibody were provided by Cell Signaling, USA; goat anti-choactase and rabbit anti-NF- kB antibodies were provided by Santa Cruz, USA. METHODS： Primary cultures were generated from rat basal forebrain and hippocampal neurons at 17 or 19 days of gestation. The cells were assigned into five groups： the control group, the Aβ1-42 group （2 μmol/L）, the Aβ1-42 ＋ 0.1 μmol/L L-NBP group, the Aβ1-42 ＋ 1 μ mol/L L-NBP group, and the Aβ1-42 ＋ 10μmol/L L-NBP group. The neurons were treated with Aβ1-42 （2 μmol/L） alone or in combination with L-NBP （0.1, 1, 10 μmol/L） for 48 hours. Cells in the control group were incubated in PBS. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Morphologic changes were evaluated using inverted microscopy, viability using the M-I-I- method, and the changes in caspase-3 and NF- k B expression using Western blot. RESULTS： Induction with Aβ1-42 for 48 hours caused cell death and soma atrophy, and increased caspase-3 and NF- K B expression （P 〈 0.05）. L-NBP blocked these changes in cell morphology, decreased caspase-3 and NF- k B expression （P 〈 0.05）, and improved cell viability, especially at the high dose （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： AI3^-42 is toxic to basal forebrain and hippocampal primary neurons; L-NBP protects against this toxicity and inhibits the induction of caspase-3 and NF- K B expression.

Intrastriatal glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factors for protecting dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of mice with Parkinson disease

BACKGROUND： Substantia nigra is deep in position and limited in range, the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor （GDNF） injection directly into substantia nigra has relatively greater damages with higher difficulty. GDNF injection into striatum, the target area of dopaminergic neuron, may protect the dopaminergic neurons in the compact part of substantia nigra through retrograde transport. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the protective effect of intrastriatal GDNF on dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of mice with Parkinson disease （PD）, and analyze the action pathway. DESIGN： A controlled observation. SETTING： Neurobiological Laboratory of Xuzhou Medical College. MATERIALS： Twenty-four male Kunming mice of 7 - 8 weeks old were used. GDNF, 1-methy1-4-pheny1-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine （MPTP） were purchased from Sigma Company （USA）; LEICAQWin image processing and analytical system. METHODS： The experiments were carded out in the Neurobiological Laboratory of Xuzhou Medical College from September 2005 to October 2006. The PD models were established in adult KunMing mice by intraperitoneal injection of MPTP. The model mice were were randomly divided into four groups with 6 mice in each group： GDNF 4-day group, phosphate buffer solution （PSB） 4-day group, GDNF 6-day group and PSB 6-day group. Mice in the GDNF 4 and 6-day groups were administrated with 1 μ L GDNF solution （20 μ g/L, dispensed with 0.01 mol/L PBS） injected into right striatum at 4 and 6 days after model establishment. Mice in the PSB 4 and 6-day groups were administrated with 0.01 mol/L PBS of the same volume to the same injection at corresponding time points. ② On the 12^th day after model establishment, the midbrain tissue section of each mice was divided into 3 areas from rostral to caudal sides. The positive neurons of tyroxine hydroxylase （TH） and calcium binding protein （CB） with obvious nucleolus and clear outline were randomly selected for the measurement, and the number of positive neurons in unit area was counted. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Number of positive neurons of TH and CB in midbrain substantia nigra of mice in each group. RESULTS： All the 24 mice were involved in the analysis of results. The numbers of TH^＋ and CB^＋ neurons in the GDNF 4-day group （54.33±6.92, 46.33±5.54） were obviously more than those in the PBS 4-day group （27.67±5.01, 21.50±5.96, P 〈 0.01）. The numbers of TH^＋ and CB^＋ neurons in the GDNF 6-day group （75.67±5.39, 69.67±8.69） were obviously more than those in the PBS 6-day group （27.17±4.50, 21.33 ±5.72, P 〈 0.01） and those in the GDNF 4-day group （P 〈 0.01 ）. CONCLUSION： Intrastriatal GDNF can protect dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra of PD mice, and it may be related to the increase of CB expression.

A fractional differential constitutive model for dynamic stress intensity factors of an anti-plane crack in viscoelastic materials

Fractional differential constitutive relationships are introduced to depict the history of dynamic stress inten- sity factors （DSIFs） for a semi-infinite crack in infinite viscoelastic material subjected to anti-plane shear impact load. The basic equations which govern the anti-plane deformation behavior are converted to a fractional wave-like equation. By utilizing Laplace and Fourier integral transforms, the fractional wave-like equation is cast into an ordinary differential equation （ODE）. The unknown function in the solution of ODE is obtained by applying Fourier transform directly to the boundary conditions of fractional wave-like equation in Laplace domain instead of solving dual integral equations. Analytical solutions of DSIFs in Laplace domain are derived by Wiener-Hopf technique and the numerical solutions of DSIFs in time domain are obtained by Talbot algorithm. The effects of four parameters α, β, b1, b2 of the fractional dif- ferential constitutive model on DSIFs are discussed. The numerical results show that the present fractional differential constitutive model can well describe the behavior of DSIFs of anti-plane fracture in viscoelastic materials, and the model is also compatible with solutions of DSIFs of anti-plane fracture in elastic materials.

羟氯喹对IgA肾病患者血清及尿IL-6、TNF-α水平的影响研究

目的 探讨羟氯喹对IgA肾病(IgAN)患者炎症因子血清及尿IL-6、TNF-α水平的影响。方法 选取2017年1月至2020年12月温州市中西医结合医院收治的IgAN患者32例。采用随机数字表法将患者分为羟氯喹组和对照组,各16例。对照组患者予每日双倍剂量肾素血管紧张素系统阻断药等常规治疗,疗程24周。羟氯喹组在对照组治疗基础上加服羟氯喹片,疗程24周。于治疗前、治疗24周后观察并比较两组患者24 h尿蛋白水平、血肌酐、估算的肾小球滤过率(eGFR)、尿蛋白缓解情况,血清及尿IL-6、TNF-α水平,用药期间不良反应。结果 治疗后,两组患者24 h尿蛋白水平、血肌酐、eGFR比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05),仅羟氯喹组患者24 h尿蛋白水平低于治疗前(P<0.05)。羟氯喹组患者尿蛋白缓解率高于对照组(56.25%比18.75%,P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者血清及尿IL-6、TNF-α水平均较治疗前降低(均P<0.05),且羟氯喹组患者血清及尿IL-6、TNF-α水平均低于对照组(均P<0.05)。治疗期间,两组患者均未见明显不良反应。结论 羟氯喹治疗IgAN能稳定患者肾功能,降低蛋白尿,提高尿蛋白缓解率,并能下调血清及尿IL-6、TNF-α水平。

Effects of (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate on some protein factors involved in the epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway

（-）-Epigallocatechin gallate （EGCG）, a major polyphenolic constituent of green tea, can inhibit activity of specific receptor tyrosine kinases （RTKs） and related downstream signal transduction pathways, resulting in the control of unwanted cell proliferation. The epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR） signaling pathway is one of the most important pathways that regulates growth, survival,proliferation and differentiation in mammalian cells. This review addresses the effects of EGCG on some protein factors involved in the EGFR signaling pathway in a direct or indirect manner. Based on our understanding of the interaction between EGCG and these factors, and based on their structures, EGCG could be used as a lead compound for designing and synthesizing novel drugs with significant biological activity.

Correlation of serum Aβ1-42 content with inflammatory factors and receptors as well as antioxidant enzymes in patients with Parkinson's Disease

Objective: To investigate the correlation of serum β-amyloid 1-42 (Aβ1-42) content with inflammatory factors and receptors as well as antioxidant enzymes in patients with Parkinson's Disease. Methods: A total of 48 patients with Parkinson's disease who were treated in this hospital between December 2014 and October 2017 were selected as Parkinson's disease group, and 50 healthy volunteers who received physical examination in this hospital during the same period were selected as normal control group. The differences in serum contents of Aβ1-42, inflammatory factors and receptors as well as antioxidant enzymes were compared between the two groups, and Pearson test was used to assess the correlation between serum Aβ1-42 content and illness in patients with Parkinson's disease. Results: Serum Aβ1-42 content of Parkinson's disease group was lower than that of normal control group;serum inflammatory factors and receptors IL-2, sIL-2R, IL-6 and sIL-6R contents were higher than those of normal control group;serum antioxidant enzymes SOD, GSH-Px, CAT and TPX contents were lower than those of control group. Pearson test showed that serum Aβ1-42 content of patients with Parkinson's disease was directly correlated with the contents of inflammatory factors and receptors as well as antioxidant enzymes. Conclusions: Serum Aβ1-42 content decreases in patient with Parkinson's disease, and the specific content is directly correlated with the condition of Parkinson's disease, and can be used as an important auxiliary indicator for diagnosis and judgment of Parkinson's disease.

CCL18、IL-6及TNF-α在乳腺癌患者血清中表达水平关系的探讨

目的探讨乳腺癌患者外周血清中肺活化趋化因子(CCL18)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)表达水平的关系。方法采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测61例乳腺癌患者血清CCL18、IL-6和TNF-α的表达水平,并以24例乳腺良性病和18例健康体检者做对照,组间水平的比较采用t检验。结果 CCL18、IL-6和TNF-α表达水平在健康体检者组,乳腺良性病组和乳腺癌组血清中依次升高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);三者水平在乳腺癌组随临床分期增加而升高,各期水平的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 CCL18、IL-6和TNF-α在乳腺癌中的表达水平密切相关,可以作为判定乳腺癌发展及预后的重要生物学指标。

痹肿消汤及湿热毒淤各拆方对胶原诱导型关节炎大鼠滑膜IL-1和TNF的影响

目的从湿热毒淤各方面研究痹肿消汤及拆方对胶原诱导型关节炎模型大鼠滑膜IL-1和TNF的影响,进一步探讨该药物的作用机制。方法 90只健康雌性SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、痹肿消汤组(简称全方组)及清热解毒中药干预组(简称拆方1组)、祛湿中药干预组(简称拆方2组)、活血中药干预组(简称拆方3组)。除正常组之外各组大鼠采用皮下注射牛II型胶原与完全弗氏佐剂建立胶原诱导型关节炎大鼠模型,观察痹肿消汤及拆方对实验性大鼠足肿胀的抑制作用,免疫组化检测不同时间点关节滑膜中炎性细胞因子IL-1和TNF的水平。结果造模21 d后,模型组、痹肿消汤组、拆方1、拆方2组、拆方3组大鼠TNF和IL-1水平明显高于正常组(P<0.05)且模型组TNF和IL-1水平明显高于全方组及拆方1组、拆方2组、拆方3组(P<0.01);随着时间延长,模型组TNF和IL-1水平逐渐升高,痹肿消汤组及各拆方组则逐渐降低。而全方组TNF和IL-1水平低于各拆方组(P<0.05)。其中全方组,拆方1组,拆方2组,拆方3组作用依次减弱。结论痹肿消汤及拆方在胶原诱导型关节炎模型大鼠中可以下调致炎因子IL-1和TNF的水平。

紧密连接蛋白Occludin在非酒精性脂肪肝大鼠肠上皮细胞中的表达及其与TNF-α的关系

目的:研究非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)大鼠肠上皮细胞中紧密连接蛋白Occludin的表达及与肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)的关系.方法:30只♂SD大鼠平均分为2组,对照组普通饮食,模型组给予高脂饮食,喂养12wk后处死.模型组肝脏HE染色显示脂肪肝造模成功.采用放免法检测血清TNF-α水平,取肝脏组织行免疫组织化学检测TNF-α的表达,取空肠组织应用免疫组织化学检测肠上皮细胞间紧密连接蛋白Occludin表达并电镜下观察肠上皮细胞间紧密连接部位的变化.结果:模型组血清TNF-α水平较对照组明显增高,差异具有统计学意义(3.21μg/L±0.45μg/Lvs2.10μg/L±0.29μg/L,t=-6.157,P<0.01).模型组大鼠肝脏TNF-α阳性物质主要分布在肝细胞的胞质,呈棕黄色细颗粒状,而对照组仅个别散在肝细胞阳性.对照组Occludin蛋白主要沿大鼠空肠黏膜上皮细胞膜的顶端呈线状分布,而模型组阳性染色较之明显减弱,呈非连续性分布.电镜下模型组紧密连接明显短于对照组,具有显著性差异(0.50μm±0.21μmvs0.78μm±0.19μm,P<0.05).结论:TNF-α可能抑制了空肠上皮细胞中紧密连接蛋白Occludin的表达,从而破坏了肠黏膜机械屏障,促进NAFLD的发生及发展.

血液滤过联合灌流治疗对重症急性胰腺炎继发肺损伤患者血清TNF-α及血管内皮细胞RhoA磷酸化修饰的影响

目的探讨血液滤过联合血液灌流(HF+HP)治疗对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)继发肺损伤患者血清中TNF-α的清除作用及对内皮细胞中RhoA的188位丝氨酸磷酸化修饰(p-RhoA)的影响。方法选取35例SAP患者纳入实验研究,其中SAP继发急性肺损伤(ALI)/急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)28例,未继发ALI/ARDS 7例,同时设正常对照组20例。全部SAP患者收入中心ICU治疗,其中9例SAP继发ARDS患者给予连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过(CVVH)联合HP治疗(HF+HP组)。应用ELISA法检测不同程度肺损伤的SAP患者血清中TNF-α水平的变化,以及采用HF+HP治疗的9例SAP继发ARDS患者治疗不同时间点血清中TNF-α的浓度。体外实验采用HF+HP治疗不同时间点患者的血清分别刺激体外培养的人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs),并以重组人TNF-α刺激细胞作为阳性对照,蛋白质印迹分析检测各组HUVECs中p-RhoA与总RhoA蛋白的表达,免疫荧光染色观察p-RhoA在细胞内的分布。结果与未继发ALI/ARDS患者比较,SAP继发ALI/ARDS的患者血清中TNF-α水平明显升高(P<0.05),尤以继发ARDS的患者升高最为明显(约为正常对照组的7倍)。采用HF+HP治疗的9例SAP继发ARDS患者治疗6h后,血清中TNF-α水平与HF+HP治疗前比较开始下降,至治疗20h下降最为明显,接近正常组水平;HF+HP治疗后,SAP继发ARDS患者动脉血氧分压(PaO2)、HCO3-水平、氧合指数(PaO2/FiO2)均较治疗前上升(P<0.05)。蛋白质印迹分析结果表明,HF+HP治疗后SAP继发ARDS患者血清诱导的HUVECs中p-RhoA水平逐渐升高(P<0.05),但各组RhoA总蛋白表达水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。免疫荧光结果显示,在HUVEsC中,p-RhoA主要分布在细胞质,各组变化趋势与蛋白质印迹分析结果一致。结论 SAP继发ALI/ARDS患者血循环中存在高水平的TNF-α。HF+HP治疗可有效地清除SAP继发ALI/ARDS患者血液中大量生成的TNF-α,并抑制RhoA的活化,从而起到降低内皮细胞高通透性的作用。

β-七叶皂苷钠对重型脑损伤患者血清肿瘤坏死因子-α的影响

目的研究β-七叶皂苷钠对重型脑损伤患者血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的影响及其临床意义。方法 60例重型脑损伤患者分为治疗组和对照组各30例,对照组给予神经外科常规治疗,治疗组在常规治疗基础上给予β-七叶皂苷钠。分别于治疗前,治疗后第1、2、3、5、7天测定血清TNF-α,于治疗3个月后进行格拉斯哥结局量表(GOS)评分。结果治疗3 d后,治疗组血清TNF-α较对照组下降(P<0.05);治疗3个月后,治疗组GOS评分优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论β-七叶皂苷钠是治疗重型脑损伤的有效手段之一,血清TNF-α的动态变化能够预测治疗结局。