The Chinese tree shrew(Tupaia belangeri chinensis),a member of the mammalian order Scandentia,exhibits considerable similarities with primates,including humans,in aspects of its nervous,immune,and metabolic systems.Th...The Chinese tree shrew(Tupaia belangeri chinensis),a member of the mammalian order Scandentia,exhibits considerable similarities with primates,including humans,in aspects of its nervous,immune,and metabolic systems.These similarities have established the tree shrew as a promising experimental model for biomedical research on cancer,infectious diseases,metabolic disorders,and mental health conditions.Herein,we used metatranscriptomic sequencing to analyze plasma,as well as oral and anal swab samples,from 105 healthy asymptomatic tree shrews to identify the presence of potential zoonotic viruses.In total,eight mammalian viruses with complete genomes were identified,belonging to six viral families,including Flaviviridae,Hepeviridae,Parvovirinae,Picornaviridae,Sedoreoviridae,and Spinareoviridae.Notably,the presence of rotavirus was recorded in tree shrews for the first time.Three viruses-hepacivirus 1,parvovirus,and picornavirus-exhibited low genetic similarity(<70%)with previously reported viruses at the whole-genome scale,indicating novelty.Conversely,three other viruses-hepacivirus 2,hepatovirus A and hepevirus-exhibited high similarity(>94%)to known viral strains.Phylogenetic analyses also revealed that the rotavirus and mammalian orthoreovirus identified in this study may be novel reassortants.These findings provide insights into the diverse viral spectrum present in captive Chinese tree shrews,highlighting the necessity for further research into their potential for crossspecies transmission.展开更多
The tree shrew （Tupaia belangeri） is a promising laboratory animal that possesses a closer genetic relationship to primates than to rodents. In addition, advantages such as small size, easy breeding, and rapid repro...The tree shrew （Tupaia belangeri） is a promising laboratory animal that possesses a closer genetic relationship to primates than to rodents. In addition, advantages such as small size, easy breeding, and rapid reproduction make the tree shrew an ideal subject for the study of human disease. Numerous tree shrew disease models have been generated in biological and medical studies in recent years. Here we summarize current tree shrew disease models, including models of infectious diseases, cancers, depressive disorders, drug addiction, myopia, metabolic diseases, and immune-related diseases. With the success of tree shrew transgenic technology, this species will be increasingly used in biological and medical studies in the future.展开更多
To characterize the patterns of ABR waves in tree shrews, we must understand the hearing sensitivity and auditory function of healthy adult tree shrews. Fifteen tree shrews(30 ears) were stimulated with clicks and ton...To characterize the patterns of ABR waves in tree shrews, we must understand the hearing sensitivity and auditory function of healthy adult tree shrews. Fifteen tree shrews(30 ears) were stimulated with clicks and tone-pips at 11 different frequencies from 1 to 60 kHz. The ABR waves were recorded and analyzed. The ABR consisted of five to seven positive waves in the first 10 ms after a click stimulus, and the average hearing threshold of component III was 27.86 ± 3.78 dB SPL. Wave III was the largest and most clear. The ABR threshold was related to the tone-pip sitmulus by a "U" shaped curve. The sensitive frequency was approximately 8 kHz in tree shrews. The latencies systematically decreased with increasing stimulus frequencies. The ABR amplitudes of wave III increased as the sound pressure level increased. All of these results provide an empirical basis for future studies of hearing diseases in tree shrews.展开更多
Physiological adaptation of tree shrews(Tupaia belangeri)to changing environmental temperature has been re-ported in detail.However,the T.belangeri origin(mainland or island),population history,and adaptation to histo...Physiological adaptation of tree shrews(Tupaia belangeri)to changing environmental temperature has been re-ported in detail.However,the T.belangeri origin(mainland or island),population history,and adaptation to histor-ical climate change remain largely unknown or controversial.Here,for thefirst time,we sequenced the simplified genome of 134 T.belangeri individuals from 12 populations in China and further resequenced one individual from each population.Using population genomic approaches,wefirst observed considerable genetic variation in T.be-langeri.Moreover,T.belangeri populations formed obvious genetic structure and reflected different demographic histories;they generally exhibited high genetic diversity,although the isolated populations had relatively low ge-netic diversity.The results presented in this study indicate that T.b.modesta and T.b.tonquinia were separated recently and with a similar population dynamics.Second,physical barriers rather than distance were the driving factors of divergence,and environmental heterogeneity may play an important role in genetic differentiation in T.belangeri.Moreover,our analyses highlight the role of historical global climates in the T.belangeri population dynamics and indicate that the decrease of the T.belangeri population size may be due to the low temperature.Finally,we identified the olfaction-associated adaptive genes between different altitude populations and found that olfactory-related genes of high-altitude populations were selectively eliminated.Our study provides demographic history knowledge of T.belangeri;their adaption history offers new insights into their evolution and adaptation,and provides valuable baseline information for conservation measures.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2021YFC2300900,2021YFC2301300)Academic Promotion Programme of Shandong First Medical University (2019QL006)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2020QH274)Yunnan Key Research and Development Program (202103AQ100001,202102AA310055)Key Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (KJZD-SW-L11)。
文摘The Chinese tree shrew(Tupaia belangeri chinensis),a member of the mammalian order Scandentia,exhibits considerable similarities with primates,including humans,in aspects of its nervous,immune,and metabolic systems.These similarities have established the tree shrew as a promising experimental model for biomedical research on cancer,infectious diseases,metabolic disorders,and mental health conditions.Herein,we used metatranscriptomic sequencing to analyze plasma,as well as oral and anal swab samples,from 105 healthy asymptomatic tree shrews to identify the presence of potential zoonotic viruses.In total,eight mammalian viruses with complete genomes were identified,belonging to six viral families,including Flaviviridae,Hepeviridae,Parvovirinae,Picornaviridae,Sedoreoviridae,and Spinareoviridae.Notably,the presence of rotavirus was recorded in tree shrews for the first time.Three viruses-hepacivirus 1,parvovirus,and picornavirus-exhibited low genetic similarity(<70%)with previously reported viruses at the whole-genome scale,indicating novelty.Conversely,three other viruses-hepacivirus 2,hepatovirus A and hepevirus-exhibited high similarity(>94%)to known viral strains.Phylogenetic analyses also revealed that the rotavirus and mammalian orthoreovirus identified in this study may be novel reassortants.These findings provide insights into the diverse viral spectrum present in captive Chinese tree shrews,highlighting the necessity for further research into their potential for crossspecies transmission.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(81325016,U1602221,81322038 and U1502222)
文摘The tree shrew （Tupaia belangeri） is a promising laboratory animal that possesses a closer genetic relationship to primates than to rodents. In addition, advantages such as small size, easy breeding, and rapid reproduction make the tree shrew an ideal subject for the study of human disease. Numerous tree shrew disease models have been generated in biological and medical studies in recent years. Here we summarize current tree shrew disease models, including models of infectious diseases, cancers, depressive disorders, drug addiction, myopia, metabolic diseases, and immune-related diseases. With the success of tree shrew transgenic technology, this species will be increasingly used in biological and medical studies in the future.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers 81760188]Scientific Research Fund of Guangxi Provincial Education Department [grant numbers 2017KY0103 (02601217023C)]
文摘To characterize the patterns of ABR waves in tree shrews, we must understand the hearing sensitivity and auditory function of healthy adult tree shrews. Fifteen tree shrews(30 ears) were stimulated with clicks and tone-pips at 11 different frequencies from 1 to 60 kHz. The ABR waves were recorded and analyzed. The ABR consisted of five to seven positive waves in the first 10 ms after a click stimulus, and the average hearing threshold of component III was 27.86 ± 3.78 dB SPL. Wave III was the largest and most clear. The ABR threshold was related to the tone-pip sitmulus by a "U" shaped curve. The sensitive frequency was approximately 8 kHz in tree shrews. The latencies systematically decreased with increasing stimulus frequencies. The ABR amplitudes of wave III increased as the sound pressure level increased. All of these results provide an empirical basis for future studies of hearing diseases in tree shrews.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Scientific Foundation of China(Grant No.32160254)Natural Scientific Foundation of China(Grant No.31760118)+1 种基金Yunnan Ten Thousand Talents Plan Young&Elite Talents Project(YNWR-QNRC-2019-047)Yunnan Provincial Middle-Young Academic and Technical Leader candidate(2019HB013).
文摘Physiological adaptation of tree shrews(Tupaia belangeri)to changing environmental temperature has been re-ported in detail.However,the T.belangeri origin(mainland or island),population history,and adaptation to histor-ical climate change remain largely unknown or controversial.Here,for thefirst time,we sequenced the simplified genome of 134 T.belangeri individuals from 12 populations in China and further resequenced one individual from each population.Using population genomic approaches,wefirst observed considerable genetic variation in T.be-langeri.Moreover,T.belangeri populations formed obvious genetic structure and reflected different demographic histories;they generally exhibited high genetic diversity,although the isolated populations had relatively low ge-netic diversity.The results presented in this study indicate that T.b.modesta and T.b.tonquinia were separated recently and with a similar population dynamics.Second,physical barriers rather than distance were the driving factors of divergence,and environmental heterogeneity may play an important role in genetic differentiation in T.belangeri.Moreover,our analyses highlight the role of historical global climates in the T.belangeri population dynamics and indicate that the decrease of the T.belangeri population size may be due to the low temperature.Finally,we identified the olfaction-associated adaptive genes between different altitude populations and found that olfactory-related genes of high-altitude populations were selectively eliminated.Our study provides demographic history knowledge of T.belangeri;their adaption history offers new insights into their evolution and adaptation,and provides valuable baseline information for conservation measures.
