Raising medium function of environmental engineering by using life rubbish to produce carpet turf

Abundant material with low cost was utilized to raise medium function of producing carpet turf by life rubbish. The results showed that the material used could strikingly raise water retentiveness and ventilating of medium. Through the determination of the effect of each growth index of several turfgrass, emergence density, plant height, root growth and individual plant′s net primary production were all positively related to the material′s amount mixed, showing that the mixture of material could promote turfgrass growth, further proving that the material used raised medium function of producing carpet turf by life rubbish and made most use of life rubbish resources. It provided a scientific base is for application of environmental engineering by using life rubbish to produce carpet turf. So the study had both important theoretic meaning and applied value.

Effects of Seed Maturity of Turf-Type Tall Fescue on the Seed Vigor and the Optimal Harvesting Time

By assay of accelerated aging germination, germination index, vigor index, seedling length,seedling weight, electric conductivity, dehydrogenase activity, ATP content and acid phosphoesterase activityduring seed development of turf-type tall fescue, the seed vigor of tall fescue were studied. Combining withseed moisture content and yield, the optimal harvesting time of tall fescue was determined. The results indica-ted that the seed vigor increased continuously along with seed maturity, and the higher seed vigor was achievedat 19th day after perk anthesis and maintained continuously until 31st day after peak anthesis. At 25th day af-ter peak anthesis, the highest yield of 3 533 kg ha-1 and the good quality of seeds of tall fescue were harvestedwith 32.19% moisture content. From 22nd to 31st day after peak anthesis, the seed yield of 3 300 kg ha-1 andthe good quality seeds of tall fescue were harvested with 40 -12.43% moisture content, and the span was theoptimal harvesting time.

Mowing Height and Mowing Frequency Interactions on Turf Performance of Kentucky Bluegrass

The mowing height and mowing frequency are the key factors that affect the turf quality and turfgrass growing ability. The purpose of this study was to reveal the alternative efficient interaction between mowing height and mowing frequency in Kentucky bluegrass turf management. The Kentucky bluegrass cultivar 'Kenblue'(Poa pratensis L.) was used to evaluate the interactions of mowing heights(H1, H4 and H7) and mowing frequencies(F2, F5 and F8) on the performance of turfgrass and turf physiological responses under the field condition. The results showed that the treatment of H7×F8 had perfect influence on the turf texture, root elongation, and also enhanced soluble sugar and free proline content in plants. While, the turf quality, color, uniformity and the increasing tiller numbers were performed more superior in the treatment of H4×F5 than other treatments. In all the interacting treatments, the relation between leaf green index and number of shoots(dm^2) was positively correlated, thus, it could be speculated that the proper mowing height with frequency had a strong impact on the increasing of turfgrass tillers. On the whole, the interaction of H4×F5 on turf quality was the most excellent treatment in this experiment.

Research Progress on Water Use Efficiency and Drought Resistance of Turfgrass

Improving turfgrass drought resistance and save-water features are very important to solve water deficiency in turfgrass production and management. This research did some surveys of systematic literature review about turfgrass drought tolerance morphological characteristics, physiological characteristics and water use efficiency, and provided the detailed information for enhancing turfgrass drought resistant and water use efficiency in the future.

基于Vue+OpenLayers+Turf的河段洪水预报动态可视化展示设计

传统河段洪水预报结果展示普遍为预报时间、预报值以及过程曲线,静态展示的是预报断面预报洪水过程,洪水到达前当前洪峰所在位置并不明确。为此,基于Vue框架和OpenLayers客户端,结合洪水预报结果和区间河道经纬度坐标集,使用Turf进行洪峰位置实时坐标更新计算,提出一种新的河段洪水预报动态可视化展示设计。通过利用该设计对大渡河丹巴水文站至猴子岩水电站河段进行预报模拟,实现了预报洪峰“动起来”的效果。结果表明,该设计能够更直观地可视化展示预报洪水传播情况。

751 Bauhaus Zone:The Turf of Designers

751 D.Park (Designer Park) is the rising star of Beijing’s creative industries, located on the former site of the 751 factory, next to 798 Art Zone. Two storage tanks for coal gas, each dozens of meters in

Study on Genetic Diversity of Turf Bamboo Based on ISSR Marker

[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the genetic diversity of turf bamboo species by using ISSR molecular marker technology.[Method] Excellent turf bamboo species imported from France and domestic ornamental turf bamboo species were used as experimental materials for ISSR analysis,cluster analysis was conducted on 10 species of turf bamboo materials based on the obtained ISSR molecular markers.[Result] A total of 201 clear bands with good repeatability and high polymorphism were amplified with 21 ISSR primers,with a polymorphism rate of 93.1%;similarity coefficients between different turf bamboo species ranged from 0.275 to 0.571,with an average similarity coefficient of 0.357;according to the results of ISSR markers,10 different ornamental turf bamboo species were divided into three categories by using UPGMA cluster analysis method.[Conclusion] Turf bamboo with different sources had relatively high genetic diversity,this study had provided theoretical and technical basis for the breeding,cultivation and promotion of ornamental turf bamboo.

Effects of Low Temperature-tolerant Microbial Inoculants from Municipal Solid Waste Compost on Turf Storage in Winter

Beneficial microorganisms were extracted from municipal solid waste compost and treated under low temperature stress to prepare complex microbial inoculants. Turfgrass was inoculated with the prepared microbial inoculants to investigate the ecological effect of microbial inoculants on turf storage in winter. The results showed that complex low temperature tolerant microbial inoculants significantly improved plant height and aboveground biomass of turfgrass. Compared with the non-inoculated control,plant height and biomass of the first batch of inoculated turfgrass were enhanced by 6. 47% and 14. 32%,respectively; and they were enhanced by 6. 94% and 17. 41%,respectively,for the second batch of inoculated turfgrass. Under low temperature stress in winter,the reviving rate of inoculated turfgrass was significantly higher than that of control,which was improved by 3. 34% and 43. 33% for the first and second batches of inoculated turfgrass respectively. After low temperature storage in winter,inoculated turfgrass revived in advance; specifically,the reviving date of the second batch of inoculated turfgrass was 3d earlier than that of control. This low temperature tolerant microbial consortium was effective for turfgrass as an ecofriendly and acceptable technology to improve plant performance and development in winter and accelerate time to market of turf.

硝酸钾配施发酵饼肥对景观草坪坪用质量的影响

通过研究硝酸钾配施发酵饼肥对草地早熟禾草坪坪用质量影响的规律,可以为城市园林草坪养护的科学施肥提供理论依据。试验在城市环境条件下,设置对照(CK)、硝酸钾(K_(1))、硝酸钾+发酵饼肥(K_(2))、硝酸钾+腐殖酸复混肥(K_(3))4个处理,小区试验设计,3次重复。结果表明:6月,K_(1)处理分蘖密度、株高、叶长、叶绿素含量均显著高于CK、K_(2)和K_(3)处理;7-10月,K_(2)分蘖密度显著高于CK、K_(1)和K_(3),6-8月K_(1)与K_(3)均显著高于CK;6-10月,K_(2)处理盖度显著高于CK,6-7月和9-10月K_(2)显著高于K_(1);7-10月K_(2)株高和叶长均显著高于CK,8月和10月K_(2)显著高于K_(1);7月、8月和10月,K_(2)处理叶宽显著高于对照;7-10月,K_(2)处理叶绿素含量和植株鲜重均显著高于CK,K_(2)显著高于K_(3)。综合分析认为,在现有施肥量基础上硝酸钾与发酵饼肥配合施用有利于显著提高草地早熟禾草坪坪用质量。

不同施肥梯度下γ-聚谷氨酸肥料增效剂对草坪的影响

本研究通过在草坪养护过程中设置不同的有机肥施用梯度(0、20、40g·m^(-2)),施肥后随水施用不同浓度(0、0.5、1、1.5%·10L·m^(-2))的γ-聚谷氨酸肥料增效剂,用以探究不同施肥梯度下γ-聚谷氨酸肥料增效剂对草坪的影响。结果表明:碳基微生物活性有机肥料有助于提升草坪质量并增加草坪土壤有机质含量;20g·m^(-2)的有机肥施用梯度下,土壤有机质含量随着增效剂的使用呈现出先升高后降低的趋势,40g·m^(-2)有机肥施用梯度下,增效剂用量与土壤有机质含量成负相关。本研究为煤基微生物活性有机肥料和聚合氨基酸类肥料增效剂在草坪养护过程中应用提供合理的依据。

低量添加太湖淤泥促进高羊茅出苗及生长

[目的]研究栽培介质中添加太湖淤泥对高羊茅种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响,可促进水域淤泥在园林绿化方面应用研究。[方法]利用太湖淤泥与蛭石按照25%的体积梯度配制栽培介质,分别设计100%蛭石(T1)、25%太湖淤泥+75%蛭石(T2)、50%太湖淤泥+50%蛭石(T3)、75%太湖淤泥+25%蛭石(T4)和100%太湖淤泥(T5)共5个处理,将高羊茅种子点播于不同栽培介质中,通过出苗率和株高等植物性状指标判断各处理的栽培效果,同时利用各处理浸提液探索其对高羊茅种子萌发的影响。为判断影响高羊茅幼苗生长的关键因素,利用各处理浸提液对高羊茅幼苗开展水培试验,测定各处理幼苗的生长指标。[结果]随着太湖淤泥添加量的增加,高羊茅种子的根长、发芽势和发芽指数均实现了显著的提升,各处理的发芽率均为100%。作为栽培介质,太湖淤泥的最适宜添加量为25%,随着太湖淤泥添加量的提升,高羊茅幼苗的出苗率、株高、叶绿素含量、根长和生物量等指标均呈现明显下降趋势。相关性分析表明,栽培介质的容重、pH、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾和有机质含量与高羊茅幼苗的生长指标均呈现负相关关系。随着太湖淤泥添加量的提升,栽培介质浸提液对高羊茅幼苗的生长指标均呈现了显著的促生效果。[结论]太湖淤泥在与蛭石配比而成的栽培介质中的添加量为25%时能够对高羊茅幼苗生长起到一定的促进作用,但超过25%的添加量则会起到抑制效果。太湖淤泥的物理性质尤其是容重,是影响栽培效果的关键因素。

小型自动铺设草皮装置的结构设计

针对小面积草地进行草皮铺设时大型机械无法作业、只能依靠人工进行铺设这一问题,设计了一种小型自动铺设草皮装置,包括草皮存放模块、运输模块、碾压模块、洒水模块以及远程驱动模块,各模块并行处理,同时运行,可高效完成草皮铺设。对运输模块中的传动轴进行强度校核以确定其使用强度符合设计要求,对碾压模块中的滚子支架进行有限元分析以确定其强度符合设计要求。经过草坪实地测试检验,结果表明该装置草皮铺设的效率高于人工铺设的效率。

Favorable Financial Turf

Tianjin's Binhai New Area lures the financial industry with preferential treatment If you were thinking about doing financial business in Shanghai, Hong Kong or Beijing, think again. Early in June this year, the State Council approved the establishment of a financial experimental zone for Tianjin's Binhai New Area, which will get preferential treatment that other cities can hardly expect to attain. While for a time the area's administration had to actively court financial institu-

人造草坪场地中不同大底足球鞋动态表现差异性研究

为分析在人造草坪场地中不同大底足球鞋的动态表现,选择若干名足球运动员分别穿着不同大底的专业足球鞋进行测试。利用测力台等软硬件设备对FG、AG两类共5款足球鞋在相同人造草坪场地上开展直线运动、45°斜切、135°转身等动作时的动态表现进行分析。结果表明,在相同的人造草坪场地上,FG大底制备的足球鞋具有更强的直线加速能力及制动能力;AG大底制备的足球鞋动态表现更好,对人体下肢的保护效果更为充分。

机场草坪植被调控对土壤细菌群落结构与功能的影响

为了探究植被调控对土壤细菌群落结构和功能的影响,对天津滨海国际机场草地植被进行单一草坪植物建植和高强度刈割,在调控后第3年的春、夏、秋季节取调控区土壤样本,利用16S rRNA基因高通量测序和PICRUSt软件,分析了不同植被调控方式下土壤细菌组成、多样性及季节性变化,预测细菌功能特征。结果表明,各样地共有的优势菌门(相对丰度>5%)有变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadetes)和绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)。与对照区相比,刈割调控区土壤放线菌门相对丰度显著增加;单一草坪建植调控区,夏季土壤芽单胞菌门相对丰度显著增加(P<0.05)。刈割调控、高羊茅及黑麦草调控区,土壤细菌门之间相关性较对照分别减弱21.4%、46.4%和67.9%,使细菌网络结构更为简单。夏季和秋季3个调控区土壤细菌群落的Shannon指数和Chao1指数显著高于对照区,而秋季Simpson指数显著低于对照区(P<0.05)。KEGG代谢途径差异分析可知,刈割调控、高羊茅和黑麦草调控区,土壤细菌分别有25、24和23个代谢通路的功能基因丰度显著低于对照区,主要体现在聚糖的生物合成与代谢、细胞运动、细胞生长与死亡、核苷酸代谢等通路上。可见,机场植被调控改变了土壤细菌群落的组成,简化了细菌网络结构,代谢功能也明显下降。

箱式草坪生产工厂生产高羊茅零基质草坪效果的研究

针对传统的大田露地草坪生产方式在草坪生产过程中存在的环境因素复杂、生产周期长、风险大、管理难度大、成本高、效益低等诸多问题,本试验设计建造了具有环境条件调控功能的箱式草坪生产工厂,并对箱式草坪生产工厂生产高羊茅零基质草坪的效果进行了研究。结果发现,采用箱式草坪生产工厂进行高羊茅零基质草坪生产可行性高,在促进高羊茅生长与成坪的效果上均显著优于大田露地草坪生产方式。当箱式草坪生产工厂环境因子参数设置为“20/15℃+650μmol·m-2·s-1+超声波雾化灌溉频率3次/天+NAA 02mg·L^(-1)+6-BA 08mg·L^(-1)+KH2PO44 g·L^(-1)+尿素3g·L^(-1)”的组合时,高羊茅草坪的生长速度与成坪效果均显著优于作为对照的土培及沙培高羊茅草坪。

棘孢木霉152-42诱导多年生黑麦草抗褐斑病的机理初探

为探究棘孢木霉(Trichoderma asperellum)诱导多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne L.)抗褐斑病的机理,本研究以多年生黑麦草为材料,通过棘孢木霉和玉蜀黍丝核菌(Rhizoctonia zeae)平板对抗、盆栽多年生黑麦草木霉灌根诱导后接种玉蜀黍丝核菌,检测棘孢木霉菌株152-42对玉蜀黍丝核菌引起的褐斑病的防治效果,分析其防病机理。结果表明:共培养7 d时棘孢木霉152-42对玉蜀黍丝核菌的抑制率达到100%;棘孢木霉152-42显著降低了盆栽多年生黑麦草褐斑病的发病率;相较于未经木霉诱导的染病叶片,木霉诱导处理的染病叶片超氧化物歧化酶活性显著升高,丙二醛含量显著降低,抗病相关基因PR-1和PR-5的表达量显著提高。因此,棘孢木霉152-42不仅能显著抑制玉蜀黍丝核菌生长,而且可以诱导多年生黑麦草通过提高抗病相关酶活性,调控抗病相关基因的表达等提高抗病性,是一种极具开发潜力的草坪病害生防真菌。

混合草坪加强技术对足球场草坪质量和安全性能的影响研究

加强型混合草坪是目前提高足球场草坪质量和使用强度最有效的草坪建植技术之一。加强型混合草坪分为3种类型:纤维加强式混合草坪、草垫式混合草坪和植丝式混合草坪。本研究以天然草坪为对照(CK),将纤维加强式混合草坪(沙+0.4%椰丝)、草垫式混合草坪和植丝式混合草坪作为试验处理,研究3种加强型混合草坪在长期持续中度践踏的条件下对草坪的表观质量、运动质量和安全性能的影响。结果表明:3种加强型混合草坪对草坪表观质量和运动性能均具有不同程度的提升效果,且能够有效减缓持续中度践踏条件下草坪表观质量和运动质量的衰退。其中,植丝式混合草坪在草坪盖度、草坪转动摩擦和反弹性能方面的效果更佳,纤维加强式混合草坪在草坪归一化差异植被指数、草坪密度、草坪表面硬度和头部损伤风险评估方面效果更佳,草垫式混合草坪在草坪密度、转动摩擦和反弹性能方面也具有一定积极作用,但效果不够显著和稳定。因此,3种加强型混合草坪是在保证草坪安全性能符合相关国际标准和要求的前提下,有效提升和稳定草坪表观质量和运动质量的有效方案。

加固材料对运动场移动式草坪质量及坪床性能的影响

本研究以高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea)品种‘钛极2LS’为试验材料,以无加固材料运动场移动式草坪为对照(CK),使用践踏器模拟中等强度践踏,分析加固剂和植物纤维对移动式运动场草坪坪观质量、坪床性能及运动质量的影响。结果表明:在践踏两周内,以0.4%纤维网片为加固材料的处理对草坪的色泽、归一化植被指数(NDVI)及坪观质量评价分析表明有显著提升效果(P <0.05),践踏4周后,各处理色泽、NDVI及坪观质量评价分析与CK差异不显著(P> 0.05)。以1%聚氨酯加固剂为加固材料的处理(WOH)可以有效维持土壤紧实度,以纤维与加固剂复合材料(0.4%椰丝+0.1%聚丙烯酰胺)为加固剂的处理(YP)显著提升草坪表面硬度与扭动摩擦,但YP处理会显著增加球员头部损伤风险(P <0.05)。在践踏4周后,坪床结构受到践踏扰动,各加固材料处理的加固性能显著下降(P <0.05)。综上所述,在中等践踏强度下,移动式运动场坪床的加固材料使用土壤加固剂1%聚氨酯可以有效保证坪床的稳定结构,降低球员受伤风险,且能满足高质量运动场的质量要求。

植丝对高羊茅草坪生长及氮、磷养分去向的影响

为研究植丝式混合草坪中人造草丝对草坪草生长及养分去向的影响,本研究以高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea)品种‘交战IV’为试验材料,以不植丝处理为对照,研究植丝对草坪坪观质量、生长速度和生物量、草坪草养分吸收、草坪土壤中养分残留以及养分淋溶损失的影响。结果表明:植丝促进了草坪草的生长并提升了草坪的坪观质量。植丝后草坪草氮素和磷素吸收量增加,其中草屑和根系氮素的吸收量最高分别增加了30.0%和40.6%,草屑磷素吸收量最高增加了24.8%。土壤中矿质氮和速效磷残留量增加,分别最高增加了33.9%和87.0%。硝态氮淋溶损失量减少,最大降幅可达79.3%。因此,植丝促进了草坪草生长,提高了草坪草氮素和磷素利用效率,降低了草坪氮素淋溶风险。