Effect of SO_2－polluted rape plant on growth and reproduction of the turnip aphid，Lipaphis erysimi（Kaltenbach）

A series of experiments using open-top fumigation chambers was carried out to investi gate the effect of SO2-polluted rape on performance of the turnip aphid, Lipaphis erysimi(Kaltenbach).Proper SO2 concentrations significantly enhances growth and reproduction of the aphid. Nymph MRGR and adult fecundity reached their maxima at 116 nl/L and 80 nl/L of the pollutant, respectively. Potential of the population growth got fully displayed at the latter dose because the highest survival rate of the nymphs also took place at this concentration.It is suggested according to changes in the plant chemistry that this indirect effect of SO2 pollution on the turnip aphid might involve variation in content of individual key free amino acid rather than total amount of all the amino acids in the leaves induced by the air pollutant.

萝卜蚜新蚜虫疠霉的分离鉴定及其致病性测定(英文)

[Objective] The study was to isolate and identify the pathogen of Pandora neoaphidis and to determine its pathogenicity against turnip aphid （Lipaphis erysimi）.[Method] Based on the morphological characteristics,the species of pathogenic fungus was identified.Spore shower method was used to carry out bioassay on the pathogen against turnip aphid.[Result] Primary conidia were ovoid,bitunicate and uninucleate,（24.7±1.4）μm×（10.7±0.9）μm,L/D=2.3±0.2.Secondary conidia had the similar shape with the primary ones,（18.6±2.1）μm×（13.3±1.3）μm,L/D=1.4±0.2.Hyphal body was like mycelium with the diameter of （10.6±0.8）μm.Conidiophores had palmate branch with the diameter of （10.0±0.9）μm.Pseudocystidia was not branched,which had rough base with the diameter of （19.2±1.7）μm,and gradually became more angular towards the apex with the diameter of （8.0±0.9）μm at tips.Rhizoid was like monohyphal shape with the diameter of （21.0±3.0）μm at base,the terminal apex had regular discoid holdfast.No resting spores were observed.The lethal dose of the pathogen against turnip aphid was 18.2/mm2.[Conclusion] The entomopathogenic fungus against turnip aphid was identified to be Pandora neoaphidis,and the pathogen was confirmed to have strong pathogenicity against turnip aphid.

大头艾纳香甲醇提取物对萝卜蚜的防治效果研究(英文)

[ Objective ] The paper was to explore the application of botanical pesticides on controlling turnip aphid （ Lipaphis erysimi Kaltenbach）. [ Method ] Through potting efficacy experiment of Chinese cabbage, the control effects of two preparations（20% EC and 10% EW）of methanol extract of Blumea megacephala Chang et Tseng against turnip aphid, as well as leaf-protection effect on Chinese cabbage were determined. [ Result] 20% EC of B. megacephala had the highest efficacy in 10-fold dilution, and its control effects against turnip aphid were 57.78%, 77.19% and 84.79% after pesticide spraying for 24, 48 and 72 h; 10% EW of B. megacephala had the highest efficacy in 5-fold dilution, and its control effects against turnip aphid were 74.44%, 84.79% and 89.14% after pesticide spra- ying for 24, 48 and 72 h. The leaf-protection rates of 20% EC orB. megacephala in 10-fold dilution were 89.31% and 94.80% after pesticide spraying for 3 and 5 d; the leaf-protection rates of 10% EW of B. megacephala in 5-fold dilution were 93.50% and 97.83% after pesticide spraying for 3 and 5 d. [ Condusion] The methanol extract of B. megacephala had good control effect against turnip aphid and good protection rate on crops.

苦豆子生物碱对萝卜蚜的毒力及其对几种酯酶的影响

苦豆子Sophoraalopecuroids（L．）的次生代谢物质为喹诺里西定生物碱类。本研究明确了该生物碱中的野靛碱对萝卜蚜（Lipaphiserysimi）有很高的毒杀作用，对其无翅成蚜的致死中浓度（LC50，浸渍法）为（4325±2．12）mg／L，优于著名的杀蚜生物碱毒黎碱和烟碱，两者对该试虫的LC50分别为（684．70±2．28）mg／L和（1090．65±2．01）mg／L。用小菜蛾（Plutellaxylostella）幼虫作试虫，得知苦豆子7种主要生物碱对昆虫的乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）有抑制作用，其抑制程度排序为：总碱＞野靛碱＞槐胺碱＞槐定碱＞槐果碱＞氧化苦参碱＞苦参碱＞苦豆碱。野靛碱和苦豆碱对α-乙酸萘酯酶、α-乙酸萘酯羧酸酯酶及酯酶同功酶的活性亦表现不同程度的抑制作用。

有翅型萝卜蚜的产生及其生长繁殖研究(英文)

试验研究表明 ,萝卜蚜 (Lipaphiserysimi)有翅型出现的百分率与生殖温度、生长温度、母蚜类型、寄主叶老化有密切关系。将在 15℃恒温下由无翅成蚜出生的萝卜蚜饲养在 15℃ ,2 0℃ ,2 5℃恒温下 ,有翅蚜率分别为 6 9.2 % ,5 8.6 %和33.4 %。当生殖温度为 15℃ ,生长温度为 2 5℃时 ,有翅蚜后代的有翅型率 (11.8% )显著低于无翅蚜后代的有翅型率(33.4 % )。当生殖温度为 2 0～ 2 5℃时 ,有翅蚜后代的有翅型率仅为 4 .7%～ 6 .9%。在老化叶片上出生和生长的蚜虫的有翅型率高达 93.1% ,若将新出生在老化叶上的若蚜转移到嫩叶上生长 ,有翅蚜率降为 2 2 .3%。在 2 0～ 2 5℃恒温下 ,有翅蚜若蚜期为 8.0～ 9.8d ,有翅成虫寿命 17.6d ,每雌产蚜 37.9～ 39.0头。

芜菁花叶病毒蚕豆分离物蚜传和非蚜传株系的鉴定

根据分离物的蚜虫传播能力及其在不同蚕豆品种上的反应,划分为芜菁花叶病毒的两个株系,分别命名为蚜传株系(TuMV-AT)和非蚜传株系(TuMV-NAT)。蚜传株系以非持久性方式传播,只侵染部份供试蚕豆品种,产生红褐色坏死斑。非蚜传株系侵染全部供试蚕豆品种,在部份供试蚕豆品种上,产生红褐色坏死斑和系统性白色斑驳症状。苋色藜及蚕豆品种“成胡10号”和“优系50”可作为株系鉴别寄主。

芜菁花叶病毒非蚜传株系的研究

从蚕豆上分离的芜菁花叶病毒非蚜传株系与其蚜传株系比较,二者对其原寄主蚕豆的致病力反应显著不同;非蚜传株系对蚕豆的致病力较强。初步探讨了蚜虫取食蚜传株系后对传播非蚜传株系的影响,结果表明:取食过蚜传株系病株的蚜虫仍不能传播非蚜传株系。

田间七星瓢虫成幼虫捕食3种蚜虫功能反应初步研究

通过创新捕食者对猎物(捕食对象)的捕食功能研究方法,提高生物防治准确性和实效性。用纱袋笼罩法在麦田、棉田和萝卜田对七星瓢虫成虫和四龄幼虫捕食麦长管蚜、棉蚜、萝卜蚜功能反应进行了初步研究,并分别建立了七星瓢虫成虫和四龄幼虫对各蚜类的田间捕食功能反应数学模型。结果表明,与室内罐头瓶内试验结果基本一致,但捕食功能强弱存有5%左右的小幅差异,田间七星瓢虫成虫对麦长管蚜捕食功能有所增强,而其成虫和四龄幼虫对棉蚜和萝卜蚜捕食功能有所减弱,可能是田间小气候影响所致。对猎物捕食,无论田间或室内,都存在抢食或补食现象。两种试验方法相辅相成、相互验证和矫正,可提高指导性和生防效果。

几种药剂对秋甘蓝田菜蚜及节肢动物群落多样性的影响

以吡蚜酮、氯虫苯甲酰胺、阿维菌素、阿-氯混剂、阿-吡混剂和吡-氯混剂6种药剂进行室内毒力测定及田间药效试验,研究其对秋甘蓝田菜蚜及节肢动物群落多样性的影响。室内毒力测定结果表明:阿维菌素对菜蚜的毒力很高,致死中浓度(LC50)为0.235 6mg·L-1。吡蚜酮对菜蚜的毒力也较高,LC50为6.628 1mg·L-1。氯虫苯甲酰胺对菜蚜有一定的毒杀作用,LC50为19.306 5mg·L-1。阿-吡混剂和吡-氯混剂对菜蚜有明显的增效作用。田间试验结果表明:氯虫苯甲酰胺、阿维菌素及阿-氯混剂对菜蚜的控制效果均不理想,施药后7d防效分别为15.95%、20.21%和27.49%。而吡蚜酮及吡-氯混剂、阿-吡混剂则对菜蚜均有很好的控制效果,施药后7d防效分别达97.37%、93.29%和94.52%,且可大幅度提高甘蓝田节肢动物群落的多样性。