This study explored the distribution of three types of English formulaic language, which involves four categories in L1 Chinese L2 English learners’ speaking performance. In addition, it investigated the relationship...This study explored the distribution of three types of English formulaic language, which involves four categories in L1 Chinese L2 English learners’ speaking performance. In addition, it investigated the relationship between the English learners’ use of formulaic language and their spoken English fluency. A CCA(canonical correlation analysis) was conducted to examine the correlations between two sets of fluency variables(dependent variables) and linguistic variables of English formulaic language use(independent variables). The fluency variable set consists of:(1)temporal indices such as SR(speech rate), AR(articulation rate), MLR(mean length of run), and PTR(phonation time ratio);(2) linguistic variables of English formulaic language like F2 R(twoword formulaic sequences/run ratio, B3 R(three-word lexical bundles/run ratio), and B4 R(fourword lexical bundles/run ratio). These are calculated according to the frequency of the English formulaic language in the speech samples of the participants(n = 86) across three academic levels.The results indicate that the learners’ spoken English fluency is highly related to their use of English formulaic language. Its limitations and future research directions are also discussed.展开更多
针对高维小样本数据在核化图嵌入过程中出现的复杂度问题,引入基于核化图嵌入(kernel extension of graph embedding)的快速求解模型,提出了一种新的KGE/CCA算法(KGE/CCA-S_t)。首先将样本数据投影到维数远低于原样本空间维数的总体散...针对高维小样本数据在核化图嵌入过程中出现的复杂度问题,引入基于核化图嵌入(kernel extension of graph embedding)的快速求解模型,提出了一种新的KGE/CCA算法(KGE/CCA-S_t)。首先将样本数据投影到维数远低于原样本空间维数的总体散度矩阵对应的秩空间,然后采用核典型相关分析进行特征提取,整个过程减少了核矩阵的计算量。在Yale人脸库和JAFFE人脸库上进行仿真实验,结果表明这种KGE/CCA算法的识别率明显优于KFD、KLPP和KNPE算法的识别率;和传统的KGE/CCA算法相比,在不影响识别率的情况下,KGE/CCA-S_t算法有效减少了计算时间。展开更多
文摘This study explored the distribution of three types of English formulaic language, which involves four categories in L1 Chinese L2 English learners’ speaking performance. In addition, it investigated the relationship between the English learners’ use of formulaic language and their spoken English fluency. A CCA(canonical correlation analysis) was conducted to examine the correlations between two sets of fluency variables(dependent variables) and linguistic variables of English formulaic language use(independent variables). The fluency variable set consists of:(1)temporal indices such as SR(speech rate), AR(articulation rate), MLR(mean length of run), and PTR(phonation time ratio);(2) linguistic variables of English formulaic language like F2 R(twoword formulaic sequences/run ratio, B3 R(three-word lexical bundles/run ratio), and B4 R(fourword lexical bundles/run ratio). These are calculated according to the frequency of the English formulaic language in the speech samples of the participants(n = 86) across three academic levels.The results indicate that the learners’ spoken English fluency is highly related to their use of English formulaic language. Its limitations and future research directions are also discussed.
文摘针对高维小样本数据在核化图嵌入过程中出现的复杂度问题,引入基于核化图嵌入(kernel extension of graph embedding)的快速求解模型,提出了一种新的KGE/CCA算法(KGE/CCA-S_t)。首先将样本数据投影到维数远低于原样本空间维数的总体散度矩阵对应的秩空间,然后采用核典型相关分析进行特征提取,整个过程减少了核矩阵的计算量。在Yale人脸库和JAFFE人脸库上进行仿真实验,结果表明这种KGE/CCA算法的识别率明显优于KFD、KLPP和KNPE算法的识别率;和传统的KGE/CCA算法相比,在不影响识别率的情况下,KGE/CCA-S_t算法有效减少了计算时间。