A Note on a One-Parameter Weibull Distributed Deteriorating Item EOQ Inventory Model with Varying Quadratic Demand and Delay in Payments

In this paper, an EOQ inventory model is developed for deteriorating items with variable rates of deterioration and conditions of grace periods when demand is a quadratic function of time. The deterioration rate considered here is a special type of Weibull distribution deterioration rate, i.e., a one-parameter Weibull distribution deterioration rate and it increases with respect to time. The quadratic demand precisely depicts of the demand of seasonal items, fashion apparels, cosmetics, and newly launched essential commodities like android mobiles, laptops, automobiles etc., coming to the market. The model is divided into three policies according to the occurrence of the grace periods. Shortages, backlogging and complete backlogging cases are not allowed to occur in the model. The proposed model is well-explained with the help of a simple solution procedure. The three numerical examples are taken to illustrate the effectiveness of the EOQ inventory model along with sensitivity analysis.

Evaluation of the location parameter in Weibull distribution of CTOD testing results of high strength steel weldments

In this paper, the location parameter δ_(a) in Weibull distribution i.e. the lower limiting CTOD toughness of high strength steel weldments is evaluated from Gleeble simulated coarse grained specimens. The Charpy-V transition temperature obtained from these specimens is transformed to a fracture toughness K_(IC) value at a given temperature using Sanz' relation. Then, the location parameter a is δ_(a) evaluated. The predicted location parameter arrives at agreement with the lowest CTOD value as obtained from thick multilayer weldments. The improvement of the fracture toughness of multilayer weldments needs the increase of the lowering limiting CTOD.toughness i.e. the toughness of the coarse grained zone.

Parameter Estimation of Mixed Weibull Distributions Using Cuckoo Search

The lifetime data of products with multiple failure modes which are collected from life testing are often fitted by the mixed Weibull distributions. Since the mixed Weibull distributions contain no less than five parameters,the parameter estimation is difficult and inaccurate. In order to enhance the accuracy,a new method of parameter estimation based on Cuckoo search( CS) is proposed. An optimization model for the mixed Weibull distribution is formulated by minimizing the residual sum of squares. The optimal parameters are searched via CS algorithm. In the case study,the lifetime data come from the life testing of diesel injectors and are fitted by the twocomponent Weibull mixture. Regarding the maximum absolute error and the accumulative absolute error between estimated and observed values as the accuracy index of parameter estimation,the results of four parameter estimation methods that the graphic estimation method,the nonlinear least square method,the optimization method based on particle swarm optimization( PSO) and the proposed method are compared. The result shows that the proposed method is more efficient and more accurate than the other three methods.

Interval Estimation in a Two Parameter Weibull Distribution Based on Type-2 Censored Data

In this paper, we consider the construction of the approximate profile- likelihood confidence intervals for parameters of the 2-parameter Weibull distribution based on small type-2 censored samples. In previous research works, the traditional Wald method has been used to construct approximate confidence intervals for the 2-parameter Weibull distribution under type-2 censoring scheme. However, the Wald technique is based on normality assumption and thus may not produce accurate interval estimates for small samples. The profile-likelihood and Wald confidence intervals are constructed for the shape and scale parameters of the 2-parameter Weibull distribution based on simulated and real type-2 censored data, and are hence compared using confidence length and coverage probability.

基于经验分布函数收敛性的Weibull分布参数估计

利用经验分布函数收敛于总体分布函数的定理,给出一种三参数Weibull分布的参数估计方法,最后通过与其矩估计和最大似然估计的比较,说明了该方法正确性和有效性.

Performance of Weibull function as a diameter distribution model for Pinus thunbergii stands in the eastern coast of South Korea

This study was carried out to determine the performance of percentile-based Weibull diameter distribution model for Pinus thunbergii stands thriving along the eastern coast of South Korea. The parameter recovery technique was used to estimate the three parameters of the Weibull model. The analysis demonstrated satisfactory results based on the following test statistics for the principal percentile models： fit index （FI） range from 0.501（minimum diameter） to 0.932 （50th diameter percentiles） and root mean square error （RMSE） range from 0.112 （quadratic mean diameter） to 3.572 （minimum diameter）. The developed model was further evaluated by determining the mean bias （E） in trees per ha （TPH） for each diameter class, and the results showed highest over-prediction in the 20 cm, and under-prediction in the x6 cm and 24 cm diameter classes. The goodness of fit tested by Kolmogorov- Smirnov （KS） test showed no significant differences （P〉0.05） between the observed and predicted diameter distributions for almost all plots. Using site index and aboveground biomass （AGB） models developed for P. thunbergii in South Korea, a model to predict the AGB per ha for each diameter class and subsequently the total AGB of the stand was created. An application guide was also created, which will serve as a decision-support tool for forest managers in quantifying the future total AGB in P. thunbergii stands located in the eastern coast of South Korea and, subsequently, the quantification of potential carbon stocks aside from being a vital input in designing efficient management and protection strategies for these stands.

Characterizing the Relationship between Weibull Location Parameter and the Minimal Observation in a Small Size of Sample Based on Stochastic Simulation

Three-parameter Weibull distribution is one of the preferable distribution models to describe product life. However, it is difficult to estimate its location parameter in the situation of a small size of sample. This paper presents a stochastic simulation method to estimate the Weibull location parameters according to a small size of sample of product life observations and a large amount of statistically simulated life date. Big data technique is applied to find the relationship between the minimal observation in a product life sample of size n (n ≥ 3) and the Weibull location parameter. An example is presented to demonstrate the applicability and the value of the big data based stochastic simulation method. Comparing with other methods, the stochastic simulation method can be applied to very small size of sample such as the sample size of three, and it is easy to apply.

随机删失数据下基于EM算法的Weibull分布参数估计

生存分析中的观测数据具有样本小、数据随机删失的特点.而目前处理这类问题所使用的参数估计方法并不理想.作者基于EM算法给出随机删失数据下Weibull分布的参数估计方法,证明了估计量满足一个非线性方程组,并用实例表明了此方法的有效性.

三参数Weibull分布参数的极大似然估计数值解法

利用降阶思想,给出了一种新的求解三参数Weibull分布参数的极大似然估计数值方法。该方法首先假定形状参数已知,将三元方程组转化为二元方程组,并用二分法求解该二元方程组的数值解,然后将尺度参数和位置参数表示成形状参数的函数,此时极大似然函数仅是关于形状参数的单变量函数,再次应用二分法即可得出形状参数的最优估计结果。该算法稳定,不需要赋予初始值,对样本数量没有限制。与其他方法相比,具有计算精度高、运算速度快的优点,便于工程应用。

随机变量多重Weibull统计模型及参数最优估计

利用Weibull分布函数兼容性好的特点,采用混合Weibull分布模型来描述复杂随机变量分布,并按照最小二乘法原则,对统计模型参数进行最优化估计,建立复杂随机变量分布的统计模型。对某汽车发动机工作转矩统计模型的建立示例表明,多重Weibull分布适合用来表达一些复杂随机变量的统计特性,参数估计的最优化模型适用,参数优化估计过程能可靠收敛。

二参数Weibull分布在风能资源参数长年代订正中的应用探讨

选择代表平原、丘陵和山区的6个气象站分别作为参证站和订正站,采用二参数Weibull分布法和线性回归法进行30 a订正效果检验,结果表明:短期资料进行风电场风能资源评估,误差较大;二参数Weibull分布法适宜不同地形风能资源参数长年代平均订正,年平均风功率密度的订正效果更好;线性回归法适宜于订正站和参证站线性相关性较好的长年代平均订正;使用2 a以上的观测资料,订正效果较1 a资料有所提高。

基于Weibull分布的非均质地层物性参数随机模型

地质信息及其表征具有随机不确定性和模糊不确定性,而土体物理力学参数之间又存在着固有的互相关性。通过对地层的已知孔隙率参数进行统计分析,利用Weibull分布模拟孔隙率的空间分布非均质特性,并结合随机中点位移法,模拟非均质地层孔隙结构的空间分布规律,建立了孔隙率的空间分布预测模型。研究建立了地质变量的空间函数关系,结合土性参数之间的相关性,以孔隙率为基本量形成二维地质剖面和三维数字地层,构造面向目标的非均质地层地质模型,探讨了非均质地层物性参数的时空分布特征及其有效描述,对地层局部地质信息的变异和随机性进行精细化描述和预测。

三参数 Weibull 分布的秩拟合最优化法

对于给定的一组疲劳寿命试验数据，首先求得该样本顺序统计量的平均秩（或中位秩），然后由三参数Ｗｅｉｂｕｌ分布对此平均秩进行拟合．通过对线性拟合相关系数的最优化求解来确定Ｗｅｉｂｕｌ分布的位置参数，再由最小二乘拟合便可估计出Ｗｅｉｂｕｌ分布的形状参数和尺度参数．该方法具有迭代收敛快且拟合精度高的特点．

三参数Weibull分布竞争失效场合加速寿命试验统计分析

三参数Weibull分布(TPWD)对于描述具有渐变性失效特征的失效模式,如机械产品磨损、疲劳、腐蚀、老化等的寿命分布具有更加明确的物理意义且具有很强的数据拟合能力,在产品可靠性分析中得到广泛应用。根据TPWD特点和竞争失效加速寿命试验(ALT)统计分析的工程实际,研究了TPWD竞争失效恒定应力ALT统计分析方法,建立了参数估计的极大似然估计(MLE)模型。实例结果表明,文中建立的TPWD的ALT统计分析模型是正确的,符合产品寿命实际,具有很好的估计效果。

基于概率加权矩的三参数Weibull分布母体百分位值和可靠度置信限估计的新方法

利用概率加权矩对Weibull分布三个参数的无偏估计以及Bootstrap方法再抽样的统计特性,文章提出了一种三参数Weibull母体百分位值置信限和可靠度置信限估计的新方法,所提方法概念清晰且易于实现。大量的数字模拟表明:所提方法在计算精度和效率方面均优于已有的估计方法,实际应用算例也表明所提方法具有较高的工程实用性。

用改进的Weibull方法分析纤维强度的长度效应

为了描述纤维强度与长度的关系,采用改进的Weibull统计方法对不同长度纤维的强度数据进行了处理。该方法有效地利用实验数据,将不同标距下的实验结果统一处理,并采用迭代步骤求取Weibull参数。由于将长度和拉应力作为统计参数,得到的纤维断裂失效函数综合反映了纤维长度和拉伸应力对失效概率的影响,更好地描述了强度与长度的分散关系。通过对芳纶APMOC和PBO的单丝拉伸实验验证了改进统计方法的优越性。

蒙古栎林分直径Weibull分布参数估计和预测方法比较

【目的】比较Weibull直径分布参数估计和预测的不同方法在蒙古栎次生林经营中的适用性和精确性,为更好开展蒙古栎林经营提供理论依据和技术参数。【方法】以吉林省157块蒙古栎纯林为研究对象,运用Kolmogorov-Smirnov（K-S）检验和误差指数比较最大似然法、矩法和百分位法估计和预测蒙古栎纯林分Weibull三参数的优劣。首先分析评价最大似然法、矩法和百分位法3种参数估计方法;然后为预测林分分布变化,建立参数预测法、参数回收法和参数百分位法的估计参数与林分年龄、平均高、优势高和林分密度等林分因子之间的回归模型;最后将回归方程计算得出的各参数代入Weibull分布,以预测直径分布变化趋势。【结果】最大似然法、矩法和百分位法均较好地估计了蒙古栎纯林的直径分布,K-S检验的接受率在82.80%-96.18%之间,其中最大似然法的接受率最高;通过配对t检验比较3种估计方法,最大似然法的误差指数平均数在显著水平为0.05时显著性地小于其他2种方法。在预测蒙古栎林分直径分布时,通过K-S检验可知,百分位法的接受率为64.45%,均高于其他2种方法;通过配对t检验比较3种预测方法,参数百分位法在显著水平为0.1时比参数预测法和参数回收法更加精确。【结论】在估计蒙古栎林分直径分布时,最大似然法较矩法和百分位法效果好;在预测蒙古栎林分直径分布时,参数百分位法较参数预测法和参数回收法效果好。

基于Weibull函数分布的电力通信网光缆失效率模型

为了解决电力通信网可靠性评估过程中光缆可靠性的量化和计算问题,在现有的三参数Weibull分布函数的基础上,结合光缆现行的国家与电力行业标准和主流生产厂家的光缆特性指标,提出了光缆失效的3个影响参数——形变参数、结构参数以及时间参数,并建立了适用于分析电力通信光缆失效率的概率分布模型。针对现有数据的局限性,采用将传统的黄金分割迭代算法与一种能够近似拟合的最大似然估计法相结合的方法对参数的取值进行计算和估计。该模型较好地反映了不同的因素对光缆可靠性的影响程度,实例分析验证了该模型具有一定的实用性。

林分直径分布的Weibull参数估计系统研制

基于Weibull分布3参数的人工神经网络估计模型,用MATLAB的GUI界面编制了Weibull参数估计系统（WPES）。以3个年龄段（14、22和30 a）的贵州马尾松人工林直径分布数据为验证材料,用最大似然估计（MLE）为对照,对WPES的准确性和适应性进行了精度检验和χ2检验分析。2种方法对3个年龄段直径分布的拟合精度分别为：84%、85%、85%和78%、64%、67%;χ2种检验统计量分别为7.17、8.73、2.40和52.62、45.31、7.96。分析结果表明,WPES的拟合精度较高,比MLE高5%-20%;WPES对不同时间和空间的适应性较强,其变动幅度是MLE的1/10。