Polarization control of above-threshold ionization spectrum in elliptically polarized two-color laser fields

We study the above-threshold ionization(ATI)process of atoms exposed to fundamental and high-frequency lasers with arbitrary ellipticity by applying the frequency-domain theory.It is found that the angular-resolved ATI spectrum is sensitive to ellipticities of two lasers and emitted angles of the photoelectron.Particularly for the photon energy of the highfrequency laser more than atomic ionization potential,the width of plateau tends to a constant with increasing ellipticity of fundamental field,the dip structure disappears with increasing ellipticity of the high-frequency field.With the help of the quantum channel analysis,it is shown that the angular distribution depends mainly on the ellipticity of high-frequency field in the case that its frequency is high.Moreover,one can see that the maximal and minimal energies in quantum numerical results are in good agreement with the classical prediction.Our investigation may provide theoretical support for experimental research on polarization control of ionization in elliptically polarized two-color laser fields.

Manipulating the electron dynamics in the non-sequential double ionization process of Ar atoms by an orthogonal two-color laser field

Electron dynamics during non-sequential double ionization(NSDI) is one of the most attractive areas of research in the field of laser–atom or laser–molecule interaction. Based on the classic two-dimensional model, we study the process of NSDI of argon atoms driven by a few-cycle orthogonal two-color laser field composed of 800 nm and 400 nm laser pulses. By changing the relative phase of the two laser pulses, a localized enhancement of NSDI yield is observed at 0.5πand 1.5π, which could be attributed to a rapid and substantial increase in the number of electrons returning to the parent ion within extremely short time intervals at these specific phases. Through the analysis of the electron–electron momentum correlations within different time windows of NSDI events and the angular distributions of emitted electrons in different channels, we observe a more pronounced electron–electron correlation phenomenon in the recollision-induced ionization(RII) channel. This is attributed to the shorter delay time in the RII channel.

Seropositivity rates of water channel protein 4 antibodies compared between a cell-based immunofluorescence assay and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in neuromyelitis optica patients

A total of 66 samples （from 27 cases with neuromyelitis optica, 26 cases with multiple sclerosis, aa 13 cases with optic neuritis） were tested for aquaporin-4 antibody by a cell-based immunofluorescence assay and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The sensitivities and specificities of the two assays were similar. We further analyzed an additional 68 patients and 93 healthy controls using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A Kappa test showed good consistency between the two methods in terms of detection of anti-aquaporin-4 antibody in the se of neuromyelitis optica patients. No significant correlations were identified with onset age or disea duration, suggesting that aquaporin-4 antibody is a good marker for neuromyelitis optica. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay can be used for quantifying aquaporin-4 antibody concentrations and may be useful to dynamically monitor changes in the levels of aquaporin-4 antibody during disease duration.

Determination of anti-endomysium IgA antibodies in the diagnosis of celiac disease:Comparison of a novel ELISA-based assay with conventional immunofluorescence

瞄准：评估新奇 anti-endomysium (anti-EMA ) 察觉基于 ELISA。方法：Anti-EMA IgA 被新奇 ELISA 与胃肠的症状在 196 个病人测量并且怀疑了吸收不良。数据与获得由的那些相比常规如果测试。结果：98% 的一个好词语索引在这二试金之间被发现。在重量的单位一 of 161 病人(82%) 两个而，试金测试了 negative 在重量的单位一 of 31 病人(16%) 两个为 anti-EMA 抗体的存在积极的测试的试金。在 EMA-ELISA 和 EMA-immunofluorescence 之间的差异(如果) 在仅仅 4 个病人(2%) 被发现。结论：如果，这 ELISA 能代替为 anti-EMA 抗体的察觉并且向临床医生提供一个优秀工具与胃肠的抱怨在病人为乳糜泻屏蔽。

Immunofluorescence on paraffin embedded renal biopsies:Experience of a tertiary care center with review of literature

AIM To describe the technique of immunofluorescence on paraffin embedded tissue sections and discuss the potential pitfalls with an in depth review of literature.METHODS Immunofluorescence is integral to diagnostic renal pathology. Immunofluorescence on paraffin embedded renal biopsies(IF-P) after enzyme treatment has been described in literature, however has not found widespread use in renal pathology laboratories. In our laboratory proteinase K digestion of paraffin embedded renal biopsy material was standardized and applied prospectively in cases where immunofluorescence on fresh frozen tissue was non contributory or not possible. Diagnostic utility was assessed and in a cohort of cases comparison of intensity of staining with routine immunofluorescence was performed. RESULTS Over the 5-year study period, of the 3141 renal biopsies received IF-P was performed on 246 cases(7.7%) and was interpretable with optimal digestion in 214 cases(6.8%). It was of diagnostic utility in the majority of cases, which predominantly included glomerular disease. Nondiagnostic IF-P was found in membranous nephropathy(2 of 11 cases), membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis(2 of 32 cases), lupus nephritis(1 of 25 cases), post infectious glomerulonephritis(1 of 11 cases) and chronic glomerulonephritis(3 of 8 cases). Comparing cases with both routine IF and IF-P, 35 of 37 showed either equal intensity or a minor difference in intensity of staining(1+) for the diagnostic immunoglobulin/complement. Technically assessment of immunofluorescence on the paraffin embedded tissue was found to be easier with clearly observed morphology, however a false positive staining pattern was observed in under-digested tissue. CONCLUSION As a "salvage" technique, immunofluorescence on paraffin embedded renal biopsies is of great diagnostic utility, however not without pitfalls.

The Application of Quantum Dots Double-Labeling Immunofluorescence Technology in Detection of PR and CD146 in Paraffin-Embedded Tissue Sections of Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma

Objective: The aim was to detect the expression of PR and CD146 in paraf-fin-embedded tissue sections of endometrioid adenocarcinoma by using QDs double-labeling immunofluorescence, and evaluate the applied value of QDs double-labeling immunofluorescence in endometrioid adenocarcinoma. Methods: To detect the expression of PR and CD146 on 140 cases of paraffin-embedded tissue sections of endometrioid adenocarcinoma by using QDS double-labeling immunofluorescence. Results: The co-expression of PR and CD146 in the endometrioid adenocarcinoma can be detected by QDs double-labeling immunofluorescence, and there was no correlation between them (P > 0.05). Conclusion: QDs double-labeling immunofluorescence can detect the localization and co-expression of PR and CD146 in the endometrioid adenocarcinoma.

Comparison of indirect immunofluorescence and western blot method in the diagnosis of hantavirus infections

BACKGROUND Serologic cross-reactivity between hantaviruses often complicates the interpretation of the results.AIM To analyze the diagnostic value of indirect immunofluorescence assay(IFA)and western blot(WB)in the diagnosis of hantavirus infections.METHODS One hundred eighty-eight serum samples from Puumala(PUUV)and Dobrava(DOBV)orthohantavirus infected patients were analyzed.Serology was performed using commercial tests(Euroimmun,Lübeck,Germany).RESULTS Using IFA,49.5%of acute-phase samples showed a monotypic response to PUUV,while 50.5% cross-reacted with other hantaviruses.The overall cross-reactivity was higher for immunoglobulin G(IgG)(50.0%)than for immunoglobulin M(IgM)(25.5%).PUUV IgM/IgG antibodies showed low/moderate reactivity with orthohantaviruses Hantaan(12.3%/31.5%),Seoul(7.5%/17.8%),DOBV(5.4%/28.1%),and Saaremaa(4.8%/15.7%).Both DOBV IgM and IgG antibodies were broadly reactive with Hantaan(76.2%/95.2%),Saaremaa(80.9%/83.3%),and Seoul(78.6%/85.7%)and moderate with PUUV(28.5%/38.1%).Using a WB,serotyping was successful in most cross-reactive samples(89.5%).CONCLUSION The presented results indicate that WB is more specific than IFA in the diagnosis of hantavirus infections,confirming serotype in most IFA cross-reactive samples.

COMPARISON BETWEEN IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE AND PCR IN DETECTING HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS IN CONDYLOMA ACUMINATA

Objective To compare the effectiveness of immunofluorescence and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in detecting human papilloma virus (HPV) in condyloma acuminata (CA). Methods HPVs in CA tissues from 60 patients were detected by immunofluorescence and PCR, respectively. Different subtypes of HPVs were also identified with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Results The positive detective rates of immunofluorescence and PCR were 56.67% (34/60) and 96.67% (58/60), respectively (P<0.01). RFLP results showed HPV6 and HPV11 were the main subtypes in the detected virus, which accounted for 98.28%. Conclusion The sensibility of PCR is superior to that of immunofluorescence.

High-throughput sorting of two-color fluorescent-labeled zebrafish embryos

The zebrafish embryos were widely employed in genetics,development and drug discovery studies as miniatured animal models.Sorting of two-color fluorescent embryos is often required in large-scale experiments but it is challenging to manually sort with high efficiency.Here,we reported a high-throughput sorting system for two-color fluorescent zebraflsh embryos.The embryos can be automatically loaded from a sample pool and sorted based on the average fluorescent intensity.The two-color fluorescent signals were split into two lines and detected by an area array camera.The system achieves the sorting of 100 embryos in less than 10 min with an accuracy of greater than 95%.

Effect of laser focus in two-color synthesized waveform on generation of soft x-ray high harmonics

Synthesis of multi-color laser pulses has been developed as a promising way to improve low conversion efficiency of high-order harmonic generation(HHG). Here we systematically study the effect of laser focus in a two-color waveform on generation of macroscopic HHG in soft x-rays. We find that the dependence of HHG yields on laser focus at low or high gas pressure is sensitive to the characteristics of single-atom harmonic response, in which “short”-or “long”-trajectory emissions can be selectively controlled by changing the waveform of two-color synthesized laser pulse. We uncover the phase-matching mechanism of HHG in the gas medium by examining the propagation of the two-color waveform and the evolution of time-frequency emissions of high-harmonic field. We further reveal that the nonlinear effects, such as geometric phase, atomic dispersion, and plasma defocusing, are responsible for modification of two-color waveform upon propagation. This work can be used to find better macroscopic conditions for generating soft x-ray HHG by employing two-color optimized waveforms.

Generation of quasi-chirp-free isolated attosecond pulses from atoms under the action of orthogonal two-color combined pulse of fundamental frequency and higher intensity second harmonic fields

The intrinsic chirp of high-order harmonic generation is an important factor limiting the production of ultrashort attosecond pulses.Based on numerically solving the time-dependent Schrodinger equation,the generation process of highorder harmonic from the He atom under the action of orthogonal two-color combined pulse of fundamental frequency and higher intensity second harmonic fields is studied.In this paper,we propose to achieve quasi-chirp-free isolated attosecond pulses by superimposing a higher second-harmonic field on the orthogonal direction of the fundamental frequency field.It is found that the high-energy part of its harmonic emission exhibits small chirp characteristics,which can be used to synthesize isolated attosecond pulses.Through the analysis of the wave packets evolution and the classical motion trajectories of the electron,it is demonstrated that the quasi-chirp-free harmonic can be attributed to the simultaneous return of electrons ionized at different times to the parent particle.The influence of the relative phase of the two pulses on the harmonics is further analyzed,and it is observed that this phenomenon is sensitive to the relative phase,but it can still generate isolated attosecond pulses within a certain phase.

真菌病毒Beauveria bassiana chrysovirus 2(BbCV2)外壳蛋白多克隆抗体制备及应用

球孢白僵菌Beauveriabassiana是一种在害虫生物防治中应用广泛的虫生真菌,真菌病毒能够影响球孢白僵菌的致病力和生物学性状,但真菌病毒相关蛋白的抗体制备和利用其进行病毒检测和定位鲜有报道。本研究原核表达了一株普遍流行并且造成寄主球孢白僵菌毒力下降的双链RNA(double stranded RNA,dsRNA)病毒Beauveria bassiana chrysovirus 2(Bb CV2)的外壳蛋白(Coat protein,CP),并制备了多克隆抗体,进行了病毒在寄主球孢白僵菌胞内和胞外的检测,以及利用间接免疫荧光进行病毒在寄主内的定位。结果表明,表达的BbCV2-CP蛋白主要以包涵体的形式存在,相对分子质量约为85.7kD;经间接ELISA方法测定,制备的BbCV2-CP兔源多抗效价达到1:8192000;Westernblot结果显示,制备的BbCV2兔源多抗能与抗原蛋白进行特异性结合,且能检测出感染寄主球孢白僵菌的BbCV2;ELISA测定结果表明病毒BbCV2可在寄主真菌体内复制,并能够游离到寄主体外;经间接免疫荧光观察,发现BbCV2病毒定位于真菌细胞核中。本研究建立了球孢白僵菌真菌病毒的血清学检测体系,为球孢白僵菌-真菌病毒互作机制研究提供材料。

果胶酶对灵武长枣果实发育中阿拉伯半乳糖蛋白分布的影响

以3种不同浓度的果胶酶处理灵武长枣(Ziziphus jujuba‘Lingwu Changzao’)4个不同发育时期的果实,采用免疫细胞化学技术,在细胞水平上对果实阿拉伯半乳糖蛋白(AGPs)表位进行原位分析,探讨果胶酶对其不同发育时期的果实中AGPs分布的影响,为明确果胶酶对果实成熟软化的影响提供解剖学依据。结果表明:JIM13、JIM8和MAC204抗体所标记的抗原荧光强弱在各时期果实的不同组织存在一定的差异。当果肉组织用较低浓度的果胶酶0.028 U·mL^(-1)(E1)处理,果皮组织结构没有明显的变化,果皮及内部薄壁细胞细胞壁表面和细胞间隙中的AGPs抗原表位减少;0.056 U·mL^(-1)(E2)和0.084 U·mL^(-1)(E3)浓度果胶酶处理的果实,果实组织细胞壁解体程度增加,果皮及内部薄壁细胞细胞壁中AGPs抗原表位检测量逐渐降低,果胶酶浓度的增加导致AGPs在果实所有表位排列的更大影响和较低的荧光信号。经果胶酶最高浓度0.084 U·mL^(-1)(E3)处理后,Calcofluor White染色显示细胞壁区域荧光也不同程度减弱或降低,AGPs分布的紊乱和抗原表位的缺失与细胞中纤维素组装的变化有关。比较分析表明,不同发育时期的果实AGPs碳水化合物的分布不同,这与组织结构的变化有关;果胶酶作用下AGPs聚糖链的缺失导致细胞壁组分之间的相关性建立和细胞壁结构的重塑受阻,诱导了整个细胞壁结构的改变,影响了果实的成熟。

不同途径感染禽网状内皮组织增殖病病毒的动态监测

为明确鸡群经不同途径感染禽网状内皮组织增殖病病毒(REV)的排毒动态,本试验通过设立无特定病原体(SPF)鸡胚6胚龄卵黄囊感染组、1日龄SPF鸡腹腔感染组以及对上述两组SPF鸡分别加入感染鸡的卵黄囊感染同居组和腹腔感染同居组,建立SPF鸡感染REV模型,同时设置空白对照组,在不同日龄记录各组鸡的体重和死亡情况,并综合运用反转录PCR(RT-PCR)、实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)和间接免疫荧光试验(IFA)3种检测方法对各感染组进行REV的动态监测。结果显示:(1)与空白对照组相比,腹腔感染组和卵黄囊感染组SPF鸡体重增长在感染后第21~70天均受到显著抑制(P<0.05),卵黄囊感染组SPF鸡的死亡率在感染后第49和63天显著升高(P<0.05),腹腔感染组SPF鸡的死亡率在感染后第42天显著升高(P<0.05),卵黄囊感染组SPF鸡血浆中REV病毒载量在感染后第21天显著高于腹腔感染组(P<0.05);(2)卵黄囊感染组SPF鸡自出壳即可检测到病毒血症阳性,并在感染后第21天时达到排毒高峰,腹腔感染组SPF鸡在感染后第14天时达到排毒高峰;(3)卵黄囊感染同居组的10只SPF鸡在感染后第7天时即检测到2只鸡呈病毒血症阳性,腹腔感染同居组SPF鸡在感染后第21天时检测到1只鸡呈阳性;(4)3种检测方法中,RT-qPCR和IFA检出REV效果更好。本试验通过分析不同途径感染REV后鸡群血浆中的带毒状态,为REV感染的科学防控和净化提供参考数据。

免疫荧光技术在近视相关生物标志物检测中的应用进展

免疫荧光(IF)技术亦称荧光抗体技术,是通过结合荧光团标记的特定抗原或抗体在紫外线发出荧光来实现的一种示踪技术。IF具有极高的灵敏度和信号放大能力,被广泛应用于细菌病毒和寄生虫的鉴别诊断、部分疾病免疫学机制的研究、器官移植的鉴定、抗原组织定位等方面。近视作为一种屈光不正性疾病,严重影响着人们的视力健康,IF在近视机制及治疗措施的研究中发挥了重要作用。本文就近年来IF在近视相关生物标志物检测中的应用进展进行综述。

毒害艾美耳球虫谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶EnGPX的原核表达与分析

旨在研究毒害艾美耳球虫谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶EnGPX的反应原性及其在虫体内的亚细胞定位。提取毒害艾美耳球虫(扬州株)配子体总RNA,RT-PCR扩增En GPX的ORF编码序列,构建原核表达质粒pET-28a(+)-En GPX,转化至BL21(DE3)进行体外诱导表达,同时制备鼠抗rEnGPX多克隆抗体,对重组蛋白进行Western blot反应原性分析和激光共聚焦免疫荧光定位分析。结果表明,En GPX ORF序列全长753 bp,编码250个氨基酸,体外重组表达蛋白大小约30 ku,主要以包涵体形式存在。该重组蛋白能被6×HIS标签单克隆抗体,鼠抗rEnGPX多克隆抗体,毒害艾美耳球虫、巨型艾美耳球虫和柔嫩艾美耳球虫病鸡康复血清所识别,表明其具有较好的反应原性和交叉反应原性。在天然配子体蛋白中检测出EnGPX,其编码蛋白主要分布于配子体内的Ⅱ型成壁体(WFBII)及卵囊壁上。本研究成功克隆表达了毒害艾美耳球虫谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶EnGPX,验证其具有良好的反应原性,并定位于配子体及卵囊壁上。以期为研究En GPX参与卵囊壁形成的分子机制提供新的线索,也为研制新型球虫亚单位疫苗提供新的靶标。

Deflagration characteristics of freely propagating flames in magnesium hydride dust clouds

The flame propagation processes of MgH_(2)dust clouds with four different particle sizes were recorded by a high-speed camera.The dynamic flame temperature distributions of MgH_(2)dust clouds were reconstructed by the two-color pyrometer technique,and the chemical composition of solid combustion residues were analyzed.The experimental results showed that the average flame propagation velocities of 23μm,40μm,60μm and 103μm MgH_(2)dust clouds in the stable propagation stage were 3.7 m/s,2.8 m/s,2.1 m/s and 0.9 m/s,respectively.The dust clouds with smaller particle sizes had faster flame propagation velocity and stronger oscillation intensity,and their flame temperature distributions were more even and the temperature gradients were smaller.The flame structures of MgH_(2)dust clouds were significantly affected by the particle sinking velocity,and the combustion processes were accompanied by micro-explosion of particles.The falling velocities of 23μm and 40μm MgH_(2)particles were 2.24 cm/s and 6.71 cm/s,respectively.While the falling velocities of 60μm and 103μm MgH_(2)particles were as high as 15.07 cm/s and 44.42 cm/s,respectively,leading to a more rapid downward development and irregular shape of the flame.Furthermore,the dehydrogenation reaction had a significant effect on the combustion performance of MgH_(2)dust.The combustion of H_(2)enhanced the ignition and combustion characteristics of MgH_(2)dust,resulting in a much higher explosion power than the pure Mg dust.The micro-structure characteristics and combustion residues composition analysis of MgH_(2)dust indicated that the combustion control mechanism of MgH_(2)dust flame was mainly the heterogeneous reaction,which was affected by the dehydrogenation reaction.

用于多重免疫荧光染色的小鼠肺组织冰冻切片制备方法优化研究

目的优化小鼠肺组织冰冻切片制作方法,提高肺组织冰冻切片质量,有利于提高免疫荧光染色的特异性,获得更准确可靠的实验结果。方法使用C57BL/6小鼠,分别采用传统冷冻后固定法、冷冻前固定法、改良灌注冷冻前固定法3种方法制作冰冻切片,经免疫荧光染色后使用激光扫描共聚焦荧光显微镜观察肺组织染色情况。使用荧光显微镜对肺组织切片进行全片扫描,计算单位面积内完整气道数量。结果传统冷冻后固定法制作的小鼠肺组织冰冻切片,肺泡结构破坏,气道壁断裂严重,存在非特异性染色;冷冻前固定法制作的小鼠肺组织切片,肺泡和气道结构相对完整,但肺泡塌陷,部分气道结构破坏;改良灌注冷冻前固定法制作的小鼠肺组织切片,肺泡和气道结构形态均完整、清晰,多重免疫荧光染色定位准确。改良灌注冷冻前固定法制作的小鼠肺组织冰冻切片单位面积内完整气道(直径≥100μm)数量高于冷冻前固定法((0.66±0.15)/mm^(2) vs(0.33±0.14)/mm^(2),P<0.05),也显著高于传统冷冻后固定法((0.66±0.15)/mm^(2) vs(0.02±0.04)/mm^(2),P<0.01)。结论使用改良灌注冷冻前固定法制作冰冻切片,利于保持小鼠肺组织形态完整,利于获得高质量的多重免疫荧光染色结果。

南京地区健康人群血清可溶性程序性死亡蛋白-1参考区间的建立

目的探讨健康人群血清可溶性程序性死亡蛋白-1(soluble programmed cell death protein-1,sPD-1)水平及其影响因素,初步建立南京地区健康人群血清sPD-1水平的参考区间。方法本研究纳入2023年5月至9月在南京鼓楼医院及句容人民医院进行体检的健康人群375例,其中男性194例,女性181例。留取健康人群的血清标本,采用基于新型探针生物传感器的全自动荧光免疫分析法(tests-on-probes,TOP法)检测血清sPD-1水平,并分析性别、年龄及其他实验室指标对sPD-1的影响;采用非参数法计算总体及不同年龄段健康人群血清sPD-1水平的参考区间。结果健康人群血清sPD-1水平为108.82(92.80,134.95)pg/mL,男性和女性健康人群血清sPD-1水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。进一步将健康人群按照年龄分为<65岁和≥65岁2组,其血清sPD-1水平分别为106.65(90.35,130.60)pg/mL,113.20(95.60,144.83)pg/mL,组间差异有统计学意义(P=0.014);而将健康人群根据年龄分成3组(<40岁,40~64岁,≥65岁)时,其血清sPD-1水平分别为112.00(98.68,137.23)pg/mL,99.07(82.38,119.60)pg/mL,113.20(95.60,144.83)pg/mL,3组间差异亦有统计学意义(P<0.001)。多因素线性回归分析显示,γ-谷氨酰基转移酶(γ-glutamyl transpeptidase,GGT)是健康人群血清sPD-1水平的影响因素。根据临床与实验室标准协会(Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institutes,CLSI)C28-A3文件推荐的非参数法计算sPD-1参考区间,健康人群总体血清sPD-1水平的参考区间(第2.5%~97.5%百分位的浓度范围)为66.7~214.7 pg/mL;将健康人群分为<40岁、40~64岁、≥65岁3个年龄段,其对应的血清sPD-1在第2.5%~97.5%百分位的浓度范围分别为71.9~202.7 pg/mL、59.4~220.0 pg/mL、69.6~229.0 pg/mL。结论本研究初步建立了南京地区血清sPD-1健康人群以及分为3个年龄段的参考区间。