MULTIPLE INTERSECTIONS OF SPACE-TIME ANISOTROPIC GAUSSIAN FIELDS

Let X={X(t)∈R^(d),t∈R^(N)}be a centered space-time anisotropic Gaussian field with indices H=(H_(1),…,H_(N))∈(0,1)~N,where the components X_(i)(i=1,…,d)of X are independent,and the canonical metric√(E(X_(i)(t)-X_(i)(s))^(2))^(1/2)(i=1,…,d)is commensurate with■for s=(s_(1),…,s_(N)),t=(t_(1),…,t_(N))∈R~N,α_(i)∈(0,1],and with the continuous functionγ(·)satisfying certain conditions.First,the upper and lower bounds of the hitting probabilities of X can be derived from the corresponding generalized Hausdorff measure and capacity,which are based on the kernel functions depending explicitly onγ(·).Furthermore,the multiple intersections of the sample paths of two independent centered space-time anisotropic Gaussian fields with different distributions are considered.Our results extend the corresponding results for anisotropic Gaussian fields to a large class of space-time anisotropic Gaussian fields.

{1012}twin–twin intersection-induced lattice rotation and dynamic recrystallization in Mg–6Al–3Sn–2Zn alloy

This study investigated the formation mechanism of new grains due to twin–twin intersections in a coarse-grained Mg–6Al–3Sn–2Zn alloy during different strain rates of an isothermal compression.The results of electron backscattered diffraction investigations showed that the activated twins were primarily{1012}tension twins,and 60°<1010>boundaries formed due to twin–twin intersections under different strain rates.Isolated twin variants with 60°<1010>boundaries transformed into new grains through lattice rotations at a low strain rate(0.01 s^(−1)).At a high strain rate(10 s^(−1)),the regions surrounded by subgrain boundaries through high-density dislocation arrangement and the 60°<1010>boundaries transformed into new grains via dynamic recrystallization.

The prediction of projectile-target intersection for moving tank based on adaptive robust constraint-following control and interval uncertainty analysis

To improve the hit probability of tank at high speed,a prediction method of projectile-target intersection based on adaptive robust constraint-following control and interval uncertainty analysis is proposed.The method proposed provides a novel way to predict the impact point of projectile for moving tank.First,bidirectional stability constraints and stability constraint-following error are constructed using the Udwadia-Kalaba theory,and an adaptive robust constraint-following controller is designed considering uncertainties.Second,the exterior ballistic ordinary differential equation with uncertainties is integrated into the controller,and the pointing control of stability system is extended to the impact-point control of projectile.Third,based on the interval uncertainty analysis method combining Chebyshev polynomial expansion and affine arithmetic,a prediction method of projectile-target intersection is proposed.Finally,the co-simulation experiment is performed by establishing the multi-body system dynamic model of tank and mathematical model of control system.The results demonstrate that the prediction method of projectile-target intersection based on uncertainty analysis can effectively decrease the uncertainties of system,improve the prediction accuracy,and increase the hit probability.The adaptive robust constraint-following control can effectively restrain the uncertainties caused by road excitation and model error.

Proactive Platooning Based on C-V2X to Relieve Congestion at a Signalized Intersection

Nowadays urban traffic congestion becomes a major issue due to the increase in vehicles that lead to more commuting time,accidents,traffic violations,and high fuel consumption.Platooning is a good way to solve traffic congestion because it drives with a smaller inter-vehicle distance than human-driving.This paper proposes proactive platooning based on C-V2X(cellular vehicle-to-everything)to relieve congestion.Proactive platooning reduces the inter-vehicle distance and increases the throughput of signalized intersections through integrating the networked control platooning and computation-centralized platooning.Model and simulation experiments of proactive platooning were conducted to verify the impact of inter-vehicle distance on platooning latency,platooning safety,and traffic throughput.Simulation results show that the optimal inter-vehicle distance under proactive platooning is less than half of human-driving at a signalized intersection.

Novel Distance Measures on Hesitant Fuzzy Sets Based on Equal-Probability Transformation and Their Application in Decision Making on Intersection Traffic Control

The purpose of this study is to reduce the uncertainty in the calculation process on hesitant fuzzy sets(HFSs).The innovation of this study is to unify the cardinal numbers of hesitant fuzzy elements(HFEs)in a special way.Firstly,a probability density function is assigned for any given HFE.Thereafter,equal-probability transformation is introduced to transform HFEs with different cardinal numbers on the condition into the same probability density function.The characteristic of this transformation is that the higher the consistency of the membership degrees in HFEs,the higher the credibility of the mentioned membership degrees is,then,the bigger the probability density values for them are.According to this transformation technique,a set of novel distance measures on HFSs is provided.Finally,an illustrative example of intersection traffic control is introduced to show the usefulness of the given distance measures.The example also shows that this study is a good complement to operation theories on HFSs.

Automatic Lane-Level Intersection Map Generation using Low-Channel Roadside LiDAR

A lane-level intersection map is a cornerstone in high-definition(HD) traffic network maps for autonomous driving and high-precision intelligent transportation systems applications such as traffic management and control, and traffic accident evaluation and prevention. Mapping an HD intersection is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and expensive with conventional methods. In this paper, we used a low-channel roadside light detection and range sensor(LiDAR) to automatically and dynamically generate a lane-level intersection, including the signal phases, geometry, layout, and lane directions. First, a mathematical model was proposed to describe the topology and detail of a lane-level intersection. Second, continuous and discontinuous traffic object trajectories were extracted to identify the signal phases and times. Third, the layout, geometry, and lane direction were identified using the convex hull detection algorithm for trajectories. Fourth, a sliding window algorithm was presented to detect the lane marking and extract the lane, and the virtual lane connecting the inbound and outbound of the intersection were generated using the vehicle trajectories within the intersection and considering the traffic rules. In the field experiment, the mean absolute estimation error is 2 s for signal phase and time identification. The lane marking identification Precision and Recall are96% and 94.12%, respectively. Compared with the satellite-based,MMS-based, and crowdsourcing-based lane mapping methods,the average lane location deviation is 0.2 m and the update period is less than one hour by the proposed method with low-channel roadside LiDAR.

Analysis of Stopping Behavior at Rural T-Intersections Using Naturalistic Driving Study Data

Rural intersections account for around 30% of crashes in rural areas and 6% of all fatal crashes, representing a significant but poorly understood safety problem. Crashes at rural intersections are also problematic since high speeds on intersection approaches are present which can exacerbate the impact of a crash. Additionally, rural areas are often underserved with EMS services which can further contribute to negative crash outcomes. This paper describes an analysis of driver stopping behavior at rural T-intersections using the SHRP 2 Naturalistic Driving Study data. Type of stop was used as a safety surrogate measure using full/rolling stops compared to non-stops. Time series traces were obtained for 157 drivers at 87 unique intersections resulting in 1277 samples at the stop controlled approach for T-intersections. Roadway (i.e. number of lanes, presence of skew, speed limit, presence of stop bar or other traffic control devices), driver (age, gender, speeding), and environmental characteristics (time of day, presence of rain) were reduced and included as independent variables. Results of a logistic regression model indicated drivers were less likely to stop during the nighttime. However presence of intersection lighting increased the likelihood of full/rolling stops. Presence of intersection skew was shown to negatively impact stopping behavior. Additionally drivers who were traveling over the posted speed limit upstream of the intersection approach were less likely to stop at the approach stop sign.

Law and Literature: Exploring the Intersection of Two Fields

This article aims to explore the intersection of law and literature,analyzing their connections and influences.First,the article introduces the definitions and basic characteristics of law and literature,emphasizing their similarities and differences.Then,the article discusses how literary works involve legal issues and how law becomes the subject and background of literary works.In addition,the article studies the interaction between law and literature,exploring the impact of novels on legal practice,and how legal texts are rewritten and interpreted in literary works.Finally,the article summarizes the relationship between law and literature and offers some prospects and reflections.

Mechanical analysis of the femoral neck dynamic intersection system with different nail angles and clinical applications

BACKGROUND The femoral neck dynamic intersection system(FNS)is mechanically more stable than other internal fixation techniques.Current studies have confirmed that the structural design of FNS has good biomechanical properties in European and American populations.However,whether the suitability of the FNS's 130°main nail angle design for Asian populations has been thoroughly investigated remains unclear.AIM To compare the biomechanical stability differences among different main nail angles of the FNS in the treatment of femoral neck fractures in Asian populations.METHODS Computed tomography data of the femur of healthy adult male volunteers were imported into Mimics software to create a three-dimensional model of the femur.The model was adapted to the curve using Geomagic software and imported into Solidworks software to construct the Pauwels I femoral neck fracture model and design the FNS internal fixation model using different main nail angles.Afterward,the models were assembled with the FNS fracture model and meshed using the preprocessing Hypermesh software.Subsequently,they were imported into Abaqus software to analyze and evaluate the biomechanical effects of different angles of the FNS main nail on the treatment of femoral neck fractures.RESULTS The peak displacement of the proximal femur under different angles of FNS fixation under stress was 7.446 millimeters in the 120°group and 7.416 millimeters in the 125°group;in the 130°,135°,and 140°FNS fixation groups,the peak displacement was 7.324 millimeters,8.138 millimeters,and 8.246 millimeters,respectively.In the 120°and 125°FNS fixation groups,the maximum stresses were concentrated at the main nail and the anti-rotation screw,which intersected the fracture line of the femur neck,resulting in peak stresses of 200.7 MPa and 138.8 MPa,respectively.Peak stresses of 208.8 MPa,219.8 MPa,and 239.3 MPa were observed on the angular locking plate distal to the locking screw in the 130°,135°,and 140°fixation groups.CONCLUSION FNS has significant stress distribution properties,a minimal proximal femoral displacement,and an optimal stability for treating femoral neck fractures in Asian populations when performed with a 130°main nail angle.

改进K-shell算法的城市道路网关键交叉口识别

交叉口重要性不仅与自身属性相关,还受相邻路段属性的影响,针对城市道路网中关键交叉口识别方法准确率不足的问题,提出一种考虑城市道路网特性的改进K-shell算法。即在传统K-shell算法基础上,综合考虑交叉口及其相邻路段的结构特性与交通特性,提出交叉口重要度的概念,利用CRITIC法确定交叉口重要度中相关指标的权重系数,对城市道路网中的交叉口进行重要性排序。以哈尔滨市二环内道路网为例,构建级联失效模型,分析随着失效交叉口比例的增加,不同排序方法下的网络效率、网络最大连通子图比率、故障节点比率的波动情况,结果表明,改进K-shell算法能够更加有效地识别城市道路网关键交叉口。

基于驾驶员脑电微状态分析的草原公路交叉口交通设施组合研究

为解决典型草原公路交叉口交通标志组合设置现存问题,针对性优化交叉口交通工程设施组合设置。通过模拟试验,采集40名驾驶员的脑电信号,聚类为5种(MS1—MS5)微状态地形图,并对驾驶员的反应时间和微状态的持续时间、覆盖率、出现频率、转换概率进行统计分析。试验结果表明,在草原公路交叉口交通设施组合的认知过程中,驾驶员脑电微状态中的默认网络和背侧注意网络发挥主要作用;MS4的持续时间和MS1—MS3的转换概率随交通设施增多呈上升趋势,可以作为评估驾驶员认知负荷的直接指标;微状态指标和反应时趋势分析发现在信息量等级C,即4种交通工程设施组合时驾驶员大脑状态具有最佳表现,认知能力最强,负荷较小且反应最快。

单轴压缩条件下单裂隙花岗岩力学特性及破坏特征

为研究含贯通单裂隙花岗岩的力学特性及破坏特征,以我国高放废物地质处置甘肃北山预选区完整花岗岩及含倾角30°、45°和60°贯通裂隙的花岗岩为研究对象,开展单轴压缩试验研究.结果表明:裂隙倾角越大,试样的单轴抗压强度、损伤应力以及弹性模量越低;与完整岩石相比,倾角30°、45°和60°裂隙花岗岩的抗压强度分别下降7.97%、29.17%和71.68%,损伤应力分别下降9.35%、24.26%和69.79%,弹性模量分别下降5.89%、23.32%和60.49%.裂隙倾角不同,试样的应力-应变曲线呈现出显著的差别;裂隙倾角越大,损伤应力至峰值应力之间的屈服阶段越明显,发生沿裂隙面滑移破坏特征越显著;裂隙倾角影响花岗岩的破坏模式,试样的破坏形式主要表现为穿裂隙面破坏(倾角30°)、穿裂隙面破坏和沿裂隙面滑移并存的复合破坏(倾角45°)以及沿裂隙面滑移破坏(倾角60°);倾角60°的裂隙花岗岩的抗压强度与试验前后裂隙面的分形维数差符合幂函数增长关系.

浅埋暗挖交叉相贯隧道施工力学行为试验研究

为完善浅埋暗挖交叉相贯隧道在施工过程中的受力形式及变形特征,依托青岛某地铁工程,根据所选地铁车站的地质条件及衬砌结构特点浇筑衬砌模型并配制围岩相似材料,利用模型试验对采用全断面法在Ⅴ级围岩环境下进行的风道和车站主体开挖过程的力学行为展开研究,并从隧道衬砌结构变形及地层内部位移变化规律两方面分析了浅埋暗挖交叉相贯隧道全断面开挖施工的力学行为。结果表明:对于交叉相贯位置处的隧道结构,已有隧道结构将改变后续施工隧道衬砌结构应变最大值及其出现位置;位于交叉相贯隧道结构附近不同象限内的围岩分别处于水平变形累加区和往复区;地表竖向变形最大点位于后续施工的车站上方且与交叉相贯位置存在一定距离,而在交叉相贯位置处的地表竖向变形值稍小;模型试验明确了交叉相贯隧道在施工过程中围岩及衬砌结构的变形特征,给出了隧道结构地表最大变形与施工步序间的时空关系;研究结果可为相关交叉相贯隧道结构的施工及设计提供依据。

医工交叉背景下眼视光专业大学生双创项目选题调查分析

目的:探索“医工交叉”理念在促进大学生“双创”项目实施中的作用。方法:向安徽医科大学眼视光医学专业2019级-2023级五个年级共151位在校学生以问卷星形式发放调查问卷,调查学生在2019-2023年间所参与实施的“双创”项目选题和立项情况,以及学生对“医工交叉”相关领域的了解情况。结果:在151位参与问卷调查的学生中,仅有18.54%的同学主持或参与过大学生“双创”项目;仅有9.27%的同学主持或参与过涉及“医工交叉”的项目;54.3%的学生认为“医工交叉”有利于眼视光医学专业大学生双创选题;涉及“医工交叉”项目数量和学生对“医工交又”了解的程度有关。结论:眼视光医学生“双创”项目普及程度低,学生参与度不高;有必要将“医工交叉”理念融入眼视光医学生“双创”教育体系。

基于车速引导和感应控制的干线协调优化方法

干线信号协调通常基于固定带速和时段性统计流量,但实际运行中,车辆的行驶车速和交通流量往往呈波动变化,导致信号方案与实际最优带速和交通流需求不相匹配,影响交叉口的通行效率。基于车路协同环境,运用Maxband模型,以绿波带宽最大、干线车辆延误、干线停车次数与次路方向延误最小为优化目标,建立了干线信号协调多目标优化模型,并采用改进的多目标粒子群算法对模型求解,获得协调路口全局控制方案参数;根据交叉口进口道车辆位置和信号状态提出了车速引导模型;根据干线交叉口进口道的车辆饱和度情况,应用感应控制策略在全局协调的基础上对各路口绿灯时间进行实时调整。仿真结果表明:优化模型将车速引导和信号协调相结合,考虑主线路口负荷度情况,动态调整绿灯时间,降低了交叉口处的延误和停车次数,有效提升了干线协调控制效率。

基于生态驾驶的自动驾驶汽车交叉路口控制策略研究

为了进一步提高自动驾驶汽车在交叉路口行驶时的燃油经济性,基于模型预测控制(MPC)理论,量化分析了车辆安全性、经济性、舒适性等多性能指标函数及约束,并设计了以经济性为主的交叉路口自动驾驶汽车生态驾驶控制器。仿真结果表明,所提出的控制策略能够保证良好的安全性和舒适性,与LQR控制器相比,在有前车影响和无前车影响工况下的百公里油耗分别降低15.83%和34.98%。

基于轨迹数据的非机动车左转信号灯安全效应评估

【目的】对城市交叉口采用的左转非机动车信号灯设施进行交通安全性量化评估。【方法】提出一种基于拓展碰撞时间(extended time to collision,ETTC)指标的左转非机动车信号灯安全效应评估方法。针对现有的碰撞时间(time to collision,TTC)指标不适于评估交叉口左转非机动车冲突的问题,考虑非机动车车辆尺寸与加速度对交通冲突的影响,采用拓展碰撞时间指标,评估交叉口非机动车交通冲突。收集长沙市4个信号交叉口的视频大数据,利用视频软件Tracker提取车辆微观轨迹后,开展案例分析。【结果】左转非机动车信号灯在时间上明确了非机动车的通行权,其设置能显著降低非机动车冲突率,在平峰、高峰时段非机动车冲突率分别降低了40.11%、25.27%。在直行相位末期、左转相位即将启亮时,设置组的左转非机动车在待行区等待,冲突率降为0;而对比组近50%的非机动车违规左转,冲突严重。设置左转非机动车信号灯的改善效果随非机动车流量的增大呈先增加后降低趋势,而随机动车流量的增大呈逐步波动下降趋势。【结论】本研究揭示了非机动车左转信号灯的设置对减少交叉口交通冲突的影响,可为城市交叉口非机动车交通安全管控提供有益参考。

无信控交叉口驾驶人潜在危险感知能力评估

为量化无信控交叉口驾驶人潜在危险的感知能力,组织驾驶人实车驾驶试验,实时采集驾驶人眼动特征参数。解析熟练和非熟练驾驶人直行通过无信控交叉口模式下的扫视和注视规律,引入马尔科夫链模型,阐释驾驶人注视转移特性,揭示驾驶人视觉搜索与潜在危险感知特性的内在联系。结合熟练和非熟练驾驶人各映射指标下的统计学分析,萃取驾驶人潜在危险感知能力表征参数。基于灰色近优综合评价法,构建驾驶人在无信控交叉口场景下的潜在危险感知能力评估模型。研究表明:直行条件下,无信控交叉口下非熟练驾驶人的水平搜索广度、垂直搜索深度和扫视强度显著低于熟练驾驶人;相较于熟练驾驶人,非熟练驾驶人兼顾道路两侧信息的能力较弱,且注视概率的适时调配机制不够灵活;熟练驾驶人在无信控交叉口的潜在危险感知得分比非熟练驾驶人高31.2%;熟练驾驶人中,男性潜在危险感知能力明显强于女性,而性别对非熟练驾驶人感知绩效无显著影响。研究结果可丰富防御性驾驶相关理论体系,为无信控交叉口交通设施的优化和完善,驾驶人安全教育及评估等提供重要参考。

一种基于验证的量子私有集合计算协议

私有集合计算是安全多方计算的重要组成部分,可以在不暴露合法参与者私有信息的情况下解决参与者之间的某些集合计算问题(如交集、并集)。然而现有的量子私有集合计算协议基本上没有考虑验证性,参与者无法确定计算结果是否正确。针对此问题,提出了一种基于验证的量子私有集合计算协议。此外,该协议还能够可选择地求解私有交集或并集问题。性能分析中通过实例证明了该协议的正确性与可验证性,并通过外部攻击和参与者攻击证明了协议的安全性。

一种交叉倍压型高增益DC/DC变换器

针对光伏发电、燃料电池发电等领域对高增益直流变换器的需求,以两相交错并联升压变换器为研究对象,由2个含有电感的倍压单元组合设计出实现电压提升的交叉倍压结构,据此提出了一种新颖的交叉倍压型高增益DC/DC变换器。该变换器可实现(3n+4)/(1-d)倍的高电压增益(1∶n为耦合电感匝数比,d为变换器占空比),且具有电路器件的低电压应力特性。对于漏感引起的开关管电压尖峰问题,引入了钳位电容构成释放漏感能量通道,同时提升了输出电压。介绍了新型交叉倍压型高增益变换器的拓扑结构,分析了变换器各模态的工作过程,推导了电压增益、输入电流纹波及各器件电压应力等稳态特性,并搭建样机进行实验研究,验证了该直流变换技术方案的可行性和先进性。