Objectives: To examine the cross-sectional associations of the separate subscales of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and tests measuring cognitive domains in older adults. Methods: 897 adults over the age of 70 free ...Objectives: To examine the cross-sectional associations of the separate subscales of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and tests measuring cognitive domains in older adults. Methods: 897 adults over the age of 70 free of amnestic mild cognitive impairment and dementia and enrolled in the Einstein Aging Study made up the study sample. The PSS-14 was used to measure stress. Three cognitive domains (language, episodic memory, and frontal-executive) had previously been found using principle component analysis. Linear regression analyses were used to determine the relationship between the PSS subscales and cognitive domain function. Results: The study sample had a mean age of 79.1 years and 62.8% were female. Bivariate correlations show that the PSS-14 positively worded subscale of the PSS (PSS-PW) was significantly associated with all three cognitive domains (language: r = -0.15, p < 0.001;episodic memory: r = -0.16, p < 0.001;frontal-executive: r = -0.21, p <0.001) while the negatively worded subscale of the PSS (PSS-NW) was not significantly associated with any cognitive domain. In linear regression analyses adjusted for age, white race, gender, years of education, and depressive symptoms, the PSS-PW remained significantly associated with each of the cognitive domains. The PSS-NW was not associated with any cognitive domains in any model. The PSS-14 was significantly associated with language and episodic memory, but not the frontal-executive domain. Conclusion: Worse PSS-PW scores are associated with reduced cognitive function in the executive, memory, and language domains in nondemented older adults. The PSS-PW subscale correlated better with cognitive function than the overall PSS-14. Future research should evaluate the temporality of the association and if stress reduction therapies improve cognitive performance.展开更多
目的:比较美国佛罗里达大学口腔医学院(university of florida college of dentistry,UFCD)儿童牙科和中国解放军总医院(301医院)(301 general hospital of PLA China)儿童牙病科就诊儿童的恐惧心理,以改进管理儿童患者就诊行为的方法...目的:比较美国佛罗里达大学口腔医学院(university of florida college of dentistry,UFCD)儿童牙科和中国解放军总医院(301医院)(301 general hospital of PLA China)儿童牙病科就诊儿童的恐惧心理,以改进管理儿童患者就诊行为的方法。方法:选取2006-09—2007-08在UFCD就诊儿童150例,2007-11—2008-03在解放军301医院儿童牙科就诊儿童270例,采用儿童畏惧调查表-牙科分量表(children's fear surveyschedule-dental subscale,CFSS-DS)调查儿童牙科畏惧情况,所得数据进行统计学分析。结果:CFSS平均得分≥2.5者,UFCD为19.7%,301医院为27.2%;两地区6岁前儿童DF值均明显高于6岁后儿童(P<0.05);301医院女性DF值明显低于男性(P<0.05),UFCD则无显著差异;与治疗无关的恐惧,UFCD为32%,301医院为39%;两地区家长对治疗恐惧经历均明显影响患儿牙科畏惧症(DF)的发生(P<0.05)。结论:父母不良的牙科经历是患儿DF发生的主要因素。年龄,性别也一定程度上影响儿童DF发生。展开更多
文摘Objectives: To examine the cross-sectional associations of the separate subscales of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and tests measuring cognitive domains in older adults. Methods: 897 adults over the age of 70 free of amnestic mild cognitive impairment and dementia and enrolled in the Einstein Aging Study made up the study sample. The PSS-14 was used to measure stress. Three cognitive domains (language, episodic memory, and frontal-executive) had previously been found using principle component analysis. Linear regression analyses were used to determine the relationship between the PSS subscales and cognitive domain function. Results: The study sample had a mean age of 79.1 years and 62.8% were female. Bivariate correlations show that the PSS-14 positively worded subscale of the PSS (PSS-PW) was significantly associated with all three cognitive domains (language: r = -0.15, p < 0.001;episodic memory: r = -0.16, p < 0.001;frontal-executive: r = -0.21, p <0.001) while the negatively worded subscale of the PSS (PSS-NW) was not significantly associated with any cognitive domain. In linear regression analyses adjusted for age, white race, gender, years of education, and depressive symptoms, the PSS-PW remained significantly associated with each of the cognitive domains. The PSS-NW was not associated with any cognitive domains in any model. The PSS-14 was significantly associated with language and episodic memory, but not the frontal-executive domain. Conclusion: Worse PSS-PW scores are associated with reduced cognitive function in the executive, memory, and language domains in nondemented older adults. The PSS-PW subscale correlated better with cognitive function than the overall PSS-14. Future research should evaluate the temporality of the association and if stress reduction therapies improve cognitive performance.
文摘目的:比较美国佛罗里达大学口腔医学院(university of florida college of dentistry,UFCD)儿童牙科和中国解放军总医院(301医院)(301 general hospital of PLA China)儿童牙病科就诊儿童的恐惧心理,以改进管理儿童患者就诊行为的方法。方法:选取2006-09—2007-08在UFCD就诊儿童150例,2007-11—2008-03在解放军301医院儿童牙科就诊儿童270例,采用儿童畏惧调查表-牙科分量表(children's fear surveyschedule-dental subscale,CFSS-DS)调查儿童牙科畏惧情况,所得数据进行统计学分析。结果:CFSS平均得分≥2.5者,UFCD为19.7%,301医院为27.2%;两地区6岁前儿童DF值均明显高于6岁后儿童(P<0.05);301医院女性DF值明显低于男性(P<0.05),UFCD则无显著差异;与治疗无关的恐惧,UFCD为32%,301医院为39%;两地区家长对治疗恐惧经历均明显影响患儿牙科畏惧症(DF)的发生(P<0.05)。结论:父母不良的牙科经历是患儿DF发生的主要因素。年龄,性别也一定程度上影响儿童DF发生。
