Despite known effects of urban heat island(UHI)on building energy consumption such as increased cooling energy demand,typical building energy simulation(BES)practices lack a standardized approach to incorporate UHI in...Despite known effects of urban heat island(UHI)on building energy consumption such as increased cooling energy demand,typical building energy simulation(BES)practices lack a standardized approach to incorporate UHI into building energy predictions.The seasonal and diurnal variation of UHI makes the task of incorporating UHI into BES an especially challenging task,often limited by the availability of detailed hourly temperature data at building location.This paper addresses the temporal variation of UHI by deriving four normalized UHI indicators that can successfully capture the seasonal and diurnal variation of UHI.The accuracy of these indicators was established across four climate types including hot and humid(Miami,FL),hot and dry(Los Angeles,CA),cold and dry(Denver,CO),and cold and humid(Chicago,IL),and three building types including office,hospital,and apartments.These four indicators are mean summer daytime UHI,mean summer nighttime UHI,mean winter daytime UHI,and mean winter nighttime UHI,which can accurately predict cooling,heating,and annual energy consumption with mean relative error of less than 1%.Not only do these indicators simplify the application of UHI to BES but also,they provide a new paradigm for UHI data collection,storage,and usage,specifically for the purpose of BES.展开更多
Under the influence of anthropogenic and climate change,the problems caused by urban heat island(UHI)has become increasingly prominent.In order to promote urban sustainable development and improve the quality of human...Under the influence of anthropogenic and climate change,the problems caused by urban heat island(UHI)has become increasingly prominent.In order to promote urban sustainable development and improve the quality of human settlements,it is significant for exploring the evolution characteristics of urban thermal environment and analyzing its driving forces.Taking the Landsat series images as the basic data sources,the winter land surface temperature(LST)of the rapid urbanization area of Fuzhou City in China was quantitatively retrieved from 2001 to 2021.Combing comprehensively the standard deviation ellipse model,profile analysis and GeoDetector model,the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of the winter urban thermal environment were systematically analyzed.The results showed that the winter LST presented an increasing trend in the study area during 2001–2021,and the winter LST of the central urban regions was significantly higher than the suburbs.There was a strong UHI effect from 2001 to 2021with an expansion trend from the central urban regions to the suburbs and coastal areas in space scale.The LST of green lands and wetlands are significantly lower than croplands,artificial surface and unvegetated lands.Vegetation and water bodies had a significant mitigation effect on UHI,especially in the micro-scale.The winter UHI had been jointly driven by the underlying surface and socio-economic factors in a nonlinear or two-factor interactive enhancement mode,and socio-economic factors had played a leading role.This research could provide data support and decision-making references for rationally planning urban layout and promoting sustainable urban development.展开更多
In recent decades, Urban Heat Island Effects have become more pronounced and more widely examined. Despite great technological advances, our current societies still experience great spatial disparity in urban forest a...In recent decades, Urban Heat Island Effects have become more pronounced and more widely examined. Despite great technological advances, our current societies still experience great spatial disparity in urban forest access. Urban Heat Island Effects are measurable phenomenon that are being experienced by the world’s most urbanized areas, including increased summer high temperatures and lower evapotranspiration from having impervious surfaces instead of vegetation and trees. Tree canopy cover is our natural mitigation tool that absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis, protects humans from incoming radiation, and releases cooling moisture into the air. Unfortunately, urban areas typically have low levels of vegetation. Vulnerable urban communities are lower-income areas of inner cities with less access to heat protection like air conditioners. This study uses mean evapotranspiration levels to assess the variability of urban heat island effects across the state of Tennessee. Results show that increased developed land surface cover in Tennessee creates measurable changes in atmospheric evapotranspiration. As a result, the mean evapotranspiration levels in areas with less tree vegetation are significantly lower than the surrounding forested areas. Central areas of urban cities in Tennessee had lower mean evapotranspiration recordings than surrounding areas with less development. This work demonstrates the need for increased tree canopy coverage.展开更多
本文基于419篇Web of ScienceTM和176篇中国知网数据库的相关文献,借助CiteSpace可视化图谱分析工具,对城市冷却效应领域的研究现状以及热点趋势进行定量和辅助定性分析。同时梳理热岛效应的3种研究方法,并探讨城市绿色、蓝色、蓝绿协...本文基于419篇Web of ScienceTM和176篇中国知网数据库的相关文献,借助CiteSpace可视化图谱分析工具,对城市冷却效应领域的研究现状以及热点趋势进行定量和辅助定性分析。同时梳理热岛效应的3种研究方法,并探讨城市绿色、蓝色、蓝绿协同空间的冷却效应机制,以及城市蓝绿空间对周边环境的冷却幅度,以期为营造健康的人居环境提供参考。结果显示:2002—2022年城市热岛领域的发文量呈递增态势,国外研究时间较国内起步较早且数量较多,如何设计城市的景观因子来达到更好的冷却效应是今后的研究趋势。气象监测、遥感卫星技术和计算机数值模拟3种研究方法目前均具有不同优缺点和适应性,应多种研究方法相结合。以往研究内容的探讨多集中在城市蓝色、绿色、蓝绿协同以及城市蓝绿空间对周围冷却幅度等4个方面,文献计量分析表明由于冷却效应的影响因素众多,故绿色空间冷却效应机制、周边环境影响冷却幅度的研究尚存在矛盾。而蓝色、绿色空间冷却强度还未确定,应深入研究。本文为城市规划者最大化实现冷却效应提供理论依据。展开更多
After an international contest announced by the City of Abu Dhabi “Cool Abu Dhabi Challenge”<sup>1</sup> and the article published as a digest of a paper titled A Nature-based Solution [1], the decision ...After an international contest announced by the City of Abu Dhabi “Cool Abu Dhabi Challenge”<sup>1</sup> and the article published as a digest of a paper titled A Nature-based Solution [1], the decision has been made to take part in improving thermal comfort in public spaces by mitigating the impact of the effect of Urban Heat Islands (UHI)<sup>2</sup> in the city of the Belgrade. The basic research aims at achieving the balance between the conflicting impacts when the buildings with their infrastructure and water-green surrounding area are in such correlation that it fulfils acceptable living and heating standards and reduces the use of fossil fuels for cooling the urban areas (buildings). By implementing the remote detection it is possible to analyze and quantify the impact of over-building on the temperature rise in urban areas as well as the disturbance of the heating comfort and the increased demand for additional cooling. Now it is possible to create virtual models that will incorporate this newly-added urban vegetation into urban plans, depending on the evaporation potential that will affect the microclimate of the urban area. Such natural cooling can be measured and adapted and hence aimed at a potential decrease in areas with UHI emissions [2]. Suitable greenery in the summer season can be a useful improvement which concurrently enables and complements several cooling mechanisms—evaporative cooling and evapotranspiration, i.e. natural cooling systems. The remote detection shall establish and map the “healthy” and “unhealthy” greenery zones—that is the vegetation zones with the highest evaporative potential with the “cooling by evaporation” effect and also, by implementing the urban prediction model, it shall propose green infrastructure corridors aimed at a potential decrease in the Urban Heat Island Emission.展开更多
This study aims to evaluate measures against the Urban Heat Island (UHI) regarding artificial exhaust heat of road traffic using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in the Tokyo Ward Area where the degree of UHI is p...This study aims to evaluate measures against the Urban Heat Island (UHI) regarding artificial exhaust heat of road traffic using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in the Tokyo Ward Area where the degree of UHI is particularly strong. We developed a GIS database that reflected road traffic conditions, and calculated the volume of artificial exhaust heat of road traffic to evaluate measures against the UHI. The findings of this study can be summarized in the following three points. 1) Artificial exhaust heat volume for moving targets was remarkably higher than that of stationary targets and, in particular, artificial exhaust heat volume was high on roads with remarkable numbers of vehicles and running speeds such as expressways and ring roads. 2) In UHI- related policy for moving targets, the suppression of waste heat through choice of fuel burned, improvement of traffic flow by securing space for cyclists and pedestrians, development of bypasses, and upgrading signal control managed to reduce artificial exhaust heat volume, even though there were differences in degree of reduction. 3) In UHI-related policy for stationary targets, special road surfaces and the increase in efficiency of energy consumption equipment achieved a reduction ratio of around 30% in artificial exhaust heat volume, more than moving targets as well as making it possible to expect a reduction in artificial exhaust heat volume on a wide scale.展开更多
文摘Despite known effects of urban heat island(UHI)on building energy consumption such as increased cooling energy demand,typical building energy simulation(BES)practices lack a standardized approach to incorporate UHI into building energy predictions.The seasonal and diurnal variation of UHI makes the task of incorporating UHI into BES an especially challenging task,often limited by the availability of detailed hourly temperature data at building location.This paper addresses the temporal variation of UHI by deriving four normalized UHI indicators that can successfully capture the seasonal and diurnal variation of UHI.The accuracy of these indicators was established across four climate types including hot and humid(Miami,FL),hot and dry(Los Angeles,CA),cold and dry(Denver,CO),and cold and humid(Chicago,IL),and three building types including office,hospital,and apartments.These four indicators are mean summer daytime UHI,mean summer nighttime UHI,mean winter daytime UHI,and mean winter nighttime UHI,which can accurately predict cooling,heating,and annual energy consumption with mean relative error of less than 1%.Not only do these indicators simplify the application of UHI to BES but also,they provide a new paradigm for UHI data collection,storage,and usage,specifically for the purpose of BES.
基金Under the auspices of the Social Science and Humanity on Young Fund of the Ministry of Education of China(No.21YJCZH100)the Scientific Research Project on Outstanding Young of the Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(No.XJQ201920)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation Special Fund Project of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(No.CXZX2021032)the Forestry Peak Discipline Construction Project of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(No.72202200205)。
文摘Under the influence of anthropogenic and climate change,the problems caused by urban heat island(UHI)has become increasingly prominent.In order to promote urban sustainable development and improve the quality of human settlements,it is significant for exploring the evolution characteristics of urban thermal environment and analyzing its driving forces.Taking the Landsat series images as the basic data sources,the winter land surface temperature(LST)of the rapid urbanization area of Fuzhou City in China was quantitatively retrieved from 2001 to 2021.Combing comprehensively the standard deviation ellipse model,profile analysis and GeoDetector model,the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of the winter urban thermal environment were systematically analyzed.The results showed that the winter LST presented an increasing trend in the study area during 2001–2021,and the winter LST of the central urban regions was significantly higher than the suburbs.There was a strong UHI effect from 2001 to 2021with an expansion trend from the central urban regions to the suburbs and coastal areas in space scale.The LST of green lands and wetlands are significantly lower than croplands,artificial surface and unvegetated lands.Vegetation and water bodies had a significant mitigation effect on UHI,especially in the micro-scale.The winter UHI had been jointly driven by the underlying surface and socio-economic factors in a nonlinear or two-factor interactive enhancement mode,and socio-economic factors had played a leading role.This research could provide data support and decision-making references for rationally planning urban layout and promoting sustainable urban development.
文摘In recent decades, Urban Heat Island Effects have become more pronounced and more widely examined. Despite great technological advances, our current societies still experience great spatial disparity in urban forest access. Urban Heat Island Effects are measurable phenomenon that are being experienced by the world’s most urbanized areas, including increased summer high temperatures and lower evapotranspiration from having impervious surfaces instead of vegetation and trees. Tree canopy cover is our natural mitigation tool that absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis, protects humans from incoming radiation, and releases cooling moisture into the air. Unfortunately, urban areas typically have low levels of vegetation. Vulnerable urban communities are lower-income areas of inner cities with less access to heat protection like air conditioners. This study uses mean evapotranspiration levels to assess the variability of urban heat island effects across the state of Tennessee. Results show that increased developed land surface cover in Tennessee creates measurable changes in atmospheric evapotranspiration. As a result, the mean evapotranspiration levels in areas with less tree vegetation are significantly lower than the surrounding forested areas. Central areas of urban cities in Tennessee had lower mean evapotranspiration recordings than surrounding areas with less development. This work demonstrates the need for increased tree canopy coverage.
文摘本文基于419篇Web of ScienceTM和176篇中国知网数据库的相关文献,借助CiteSpace可视化图谱分析工具,对城市冷却效应领域的研究现状以及热点趋势进行定量和辅助定性分析。同时梳理热岛效应的3种研究方法,并探讨城市绿色、蓝色、蓝绿协同空间的冷却效应机制,以及城市蓝绿空间对周边环境的冷却幅度,以期为营造健康的人居环境提供参考。结果显示:2002—2022年城市热岛领域的发文量呈递增态势,国外研究时间较国内起步较早且数量较多,如何设计城市的景观因子来达到更好的冷却效应是今后的研究趋势。气象监测、遥感卫星技术和计算机数值模拟3种研究方法目前均具有不同优缺点和适应性,应多种研究方法相结合。以往研究内容的探讨多集中在城市蓝色、绿色、蓝绿协同以及城市蓝绿空间对周围冷却幅度等4个方面,文献计量分析表明由于冷却效应的影响因素众多,故绿色空间冷却效应机制、周边环境影响冷却幅度的研究尚存在矛盾。而蓝色、绿色空间冷却强度还未确定,应深入研究。本文为城市规划者最大化实现冷却效应提供理论依据。
文摘After an international contest announced by the City of Abu Dhabi “Cool Abu Dhabi Challenge”<sup>1</sup> and the article published as a digest of a paper titled A Nature-based Solution [1], the decision has been made to take part in improving thermal comfort in public spaces by mitigating the impact of the effect of Urban Heat Islands (UHI)<sup>2</sup> in the city of the Belgrade. The basic research aims at achieving the balance between the conflicting impacts when the buildings with their infrastructure and water-green surrounding area are in such correlation that it fulfils acceptable living and heating standards and reduces the use of fossil fuels for cooling the urban areas (buildings). By implementing the remote detection it is possible to analyze and quantify the impact of over-building on the temperature rise in urban areas as well as the disturbance of the heating comfort and the increased demand for additional cooling. Now it is possible to create virtual models that will incorporate this newly-added urban vegetation into urban plans, depending on the evaporation potential that will affect the microclimate of the urban area. Such natural cooling can be measured and adapted and hence aimed at a potential decrease in areas with UHI emissions [2]. Suitable greenery in the summer season can be a useful improvement which concurrently enables and complements several cooling mechanisms—evaporative cooling and evapotranspiration, i.e. natural cooling systems. The remote detection shall establish and map the “healthy” and “unhealthy” greenery zones—that is the vegetation zones with the highest evaporative potential with the “cooling by evaporation” effect and also, by implementing the urban prediction model, it shall propose green infrastructure corridors aimed at a potential decrease in the Urban Heat Island Emission.
文摘This study aims to evaluate measures against the Urban Heat Island (UHI) regarding artificial exhaust heat of road traffic using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in the Tokyo Ward Area where the degree of UHI is particularly strong. We developed a GIS database that reflected road traffic conditions, and calculated the volume of artificial exhaust heat of road traffic to evaluate measures against the UHI. The findings of this study can be summarized in the following three points. 1) Artificial exhaust heat volume for moving targets was remarkably higher than that of stationary targets and, in particular, artificial exhaust heat volume was high on roads with remarkable numbers of vehicles and running speeds such as expressways and ring roads. 2) In UHI- related policy for moving targets, the suppression of waste heat through choice of fuel burned, improvement of traffic flow by securing space for cyclists and pedestrians, development of bypasses, and upgrading signal control managed to reduce artificial exhaust heat volume, even though there were differences in degree of reduction. 3) In UHI-related policy for stationary targets, special road surfaces and the increase in efficiency of energy consumption equipment achieved a reduction ratio of around 30% in artificial exhaust heat volume, more than moving targets as well as making it possible to expect a reduction in artificial exhaust heat volume on a wide scale.
