Multi-Stage Metamorphism of the UHP Pelitic Gneiss from the Southern Altyn Tagh HP/UHP Belt,Western China:Petrological and Geochronological Evidence

The kyanite-bearing garnet pelitic gneiss from the Jianggalesavi area in southern Altyn Tagh high pressure/ultra-high pressure belt was proved to have been experienced UHP metamorphism (>12 GPa) by the discovery of kyanite and spinel exsolution microstructure in quartz (precursor stishovite). In this study, three stages of retrograded metamorphism (M2-M4) after the UHP metamorphism (Ml) were identified for the UHP pelitic gneiss. The HP granulite-facies stage (M2) was characterized by the mineral assemblage of garnet+kyanite+K?feldspar+nitile+qiiartz±ilinenite, recording the P-T condition of >1.12 GPa and ?850-930℃. The granulite-facies stage (M3) was represented by the mineral assemblage of garnet rim+K-feldspar+sillimanite (SillJ+biotite (Bti)+plagioclase (Pli)+ilmenite+quartz, and confined under P-T conditions of 0.5-0.8 GPa and^770-795℃. The late cooling stage M4 was accompanied by the appearance of fine-grained Pl2, Sill2 and Bt2 in the matrix, and the P-T conditions were 0.4-0.6 GPa and <675℃. A clockvvised P-T path was obtained for the pelitic gneiss in the P-T pseudosection, which showed a deep subduction/collision processes with subsequent exhumation and cooling. Com? bined with the corresponding multistage metamorphic assemblages, the age dating results implied that the zircons from the gneiss have integrated the recording peak metamorphic (Ml,484±3 Ma) and retrograded metamorphic ages (M2 to M3, 450±2 Ma). There was about 32 Ma interval during the first exhumation from the upper mantle depth (>350 km) to the lower crust depth (-40-20 km), resulting in an average exhumation rate of 9.11-9.70 mm/yr. In the southern Altyn Tagh region, the HP and UHP rocks from different areas had identical peak metamorphic ages. Therefore, contemporary UHP and HP rocks with different metamorphic evolutions were recognized coexisting in the same orogenic belt, which can be interpreted by the model of subduction channel. The continental crustal were subducted to different depths along the direction of the subduction channels at ~500 Ma, suffered different grade metamorphism, and then returned to the surface along the subduction channel.

Crustal structure in Dabieshan UHP metamorphic belt and its tectonic implication

The model of Dabieshan crustal structure has been obtained on the basis of the deep seismic sounding data in thisarea. The 2-D crustal structure shows the feature of the collision orogens and provides some deep geophysicalevidences of the ultra-high pressure (UHP) metamorphic belt. The 3-D upper-crustal velocity struCture reveals thatthe velocity distribution at 2 km deep obviously relates to the surface geological setting and the UHP metarnorphicbelt has the higher velocity at 5~10 km deep. The observed data of Bouguer gravity anomalies reveal a largerrange of negative anomalies in Dabieshan area while the positive anomalies in the UHP metamorphic belt is calculated from the 3-D upper-crustal velocity structure. The 2-D crustal model along the seismic profile shows thatthe 'root' beneath the orogen is only 4-5 km thick and the velocity in the uppermost mantle changes a little in thelateral direction. The inconsistency between the observed and calculated Bouguer gravity anomalies mainly resultsfrom the crust, and at least the middle-upper crust should yield the negative anomalies. The material density of thecrust in the UHP metamorphic belt should be lower than that in the surrounding areas. This material with lowerdensity relates to the collision processes in which Yangtze crust subducted nor'thward to 100 km deep and thenreturned to the crust.

Post-Collisional Ductile Extensional Tectonic Framework in the UHP and HP Metamorphic Belts in the Dabie-Sulu Region, China

The present-day observable tectonic framework of the ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) and high-pressure (HP) metamorphic belts in the Dabie-Sulu region was dominantly formed by an extensional process, mostly between 200 and 170 Ma, following the Triassic collision between the Sino-Korean and Yangtze cratons. The framework that controls the present spatial distribution of UHP and HP metamorphic rocks in particular displays the typical features of a Cordilleran-type metamorphic core complex, in which at least four regional-scale, shallow-dipping detachment zones are recognized. Each of these detachment zones corresponds to a pressure gap of 0.5 to 2.0 GPa. The detachment zones separate the rocks exposed in the region into several petrotectonic units with different P-T conditions. The geometry and kinematics of both the detachment zones and the petrotectonic units show that the exhumation of UHP and HP metamorphic rocks in the Dabie-Sulu region was achieved, at least in part, by non-coaxial ductile flow in the multi-layered detachment zones, and by coaxial vertical shortening and horizontal stretching in the metamorphic units, under amphibolite- to greenschist-facies conditions, and in an extensional regime. All ductile extensional deformations occurred at depths below 10 to 15 km, i.e. below the brittle/ductile deformation transition.

Structural Evidence for the in-situ Origin of the HP and UHP Eclogites in the Dabie-Sulu Orogenic Belt

Whether the HP and UHP metamorphic rocks of the Dabie-Sulu orogenic belt are of an "in-situ" or "foreign" origin is a long-standing dispute among geologists. Eclogites preserved today in the HP and UHP units constitute merely 5-10%, which are not isolated exotic bodies tectonically intruding into amphibolite facies gneiss, but remnants of once pervasive or widespread eclogite-facies terranes or slabs. The present spatial distribution and forms of the eclogites have resulted from polyphase and progressive deformation and strain partitioning of the HP and UHP slabs. From their formation in deep mantle to their exhumation to the surface, the eclogites have experienced long-term deformation with different strain regimes. The dominant regime responsible for the present spatial distribution and forms of the eclogites is the shear process. The deformation patterns of the eclogites and gneiss matrix also clearly show that the eclogites were metamorphosed in situ. The original distribution area of the eclogites

Interpretation of Aeromagnetic Anomalies of the Sulu Ultrahigh-Pressure(UHP) Metamorphic Belt,Eastern China

The Sulu ultra-high pressure(UHP)metamorphic belt in Eastern China is well known as the eastern extension of the Qingling-Dabie orogenic belt formed by subduction and collision between the Sino-Korean and Yangtze cratons.The main hole of the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling(CCSD)project is located at the southern segment of the Sulu UHP metamorphic belt(34°25′N/118°40′E),about 17 km southwest of Donghai County.Integrated geophysical investigations using gravity,magnetic,deep

Petrology of the Non-mafic UHP Metamorphic Rocks from a Drillhole in the Southern Sulu Orogenic Belt,Eastern-Central China

The Drillhole ZK703 with a depth of 558 m is located in the Donghai area of the southern Sulu ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic belt, eastern China, and penetrates typical UHP eclogites and various non-mafic rocks, including peridotite, gneiss, schist and quartzite. Their protoliths include ultramafic, mafic, intermediate, intermediate-acidic, acidic igneous rocks and sediments. These rocks are intimately interlayered, which are meters to millimeters thick with sharp and nontectonic contacts, suggesting in-situ metamorphism under UHP eclogite facies conditions. The following petrologic features indicate that the non-mafic rocks have experienced early-stage UHP metamorphism together with the eclogites: (1) phengite relics in gneisses and schists contain a high content of Si, up to 3.52 p.f.u. (per formula unit), while amphibolite-facies phengites have considerably low Si content (<3.26 p.f.u.); (2) jadeite relics are found in quartzite and jadeitite; (3) various types of symplectitic coronas and pseud

He Grenville Orogenesis Recorded by Monazite from the Paragneiss of North Qaidam UHP Metamorphic Belt, Western China

The poly-phase orogeny information included in one orogenic belt is the key for studying the regional tectonic evolution at different time period.It also has important significance of understanding the rock association and

两条不同类型的HP/LT和UHP变质带对祁连-阿尔金早古生代造山作用的制约

在祁连-阿尔金造山带的南北两侧,分别出露有北祁连-北阿尔金HP/LT变质带和柴北缘-南阿尔金UHP变质带。北祁连-北阿尔金HP/LT变质带主要由蓝片岩、低温榴辉岩和高压变沉积岩所组成,榴辉岩形成的温压条件为420～570℃和2.0～2.5GPa,形成时代为510～440Ma。含硬柱石榴辉岩和含纤柱石高压变沉积岩的存在显示洋壳俯冲把大量水带到地幔深处。与HP/LT变质带伴生的早古生代蛇绿岩、俯冲增生杂岩、岛弧、弧后盆地等显示北祁连-北阿尔金为典型的早古生代增生造山带。柴北缘-南阿尔金UHP变质带由榴辉岩、石榴橄榄岩、高压麻粒岩及具有陆壳性质的正副片麻岩所组成,它们遭受了超高压变质作用(T>700℃,P>2.8GPa),UHP变质时代为500～420Ma,榴辉岩的原岩时代为750～850Ma,形成于新元古代的大陆裂谷环境。野外地质关系、岩石学及年代学研究显示柴北缘-南阿尔金HP-UHP变质带为大陆深俯冲作用的产物。在柴北缘-南阿尔金UHP变质带中,超高压榴辉岩和高压麻粒岩同时形成在不同的构造热环境中,构成大陆俯冲及碰撞造山带中的"双变质带",同时也显示柴北缘-南阿尔金造山带具有典型碰撞造山带的特征。祁连-阿尔金造山带南北两侧几乎同时发生增生造山作用和碰撞造山作用,构成由不同造山类型所组成的复合造山带。南北两侧的HP/LT变质带和UHP变质带以及可能存在的不同类型双变质带制约了祁连-阿尔金造山带早古生代的造山性质、造山类型以及造山机制。

Zoned Zircon from Eclogite Lenses in Marbles from the Dabie-Sulu UHP Terrane,China: A Clear Record of Ultra-deep Subduction and Fast Exhumation

Eclogite lenses in marbles from the Dabie-Sulu ultrahigh-pressure （UHP） terrane are deeply subducted meta-sedimentary rocks. Zircons in these rocks have been used to constrain the ages of prograde and UHP metamorphism during subduction, and later retrograde metamorphism during exhumation. Inherited （detrital） and metamorphic zircons were distinguished on the basis of transmitted light microscopy, cathodoluminescence （CL） imaging, trace element contents and mineral inclusions. The distribution of mineral inclusions combined with CL imaging of the metamorphic zircon make it possible to relate zircon zones （domains） to different metamorphic stages. Domain 1 consists of rounded, oblong and spindly cores with dark-luminescent images, and contains quartz eclogite facies mineral inclusion assemblages, indicating formation under high-pressure （HP） metamorphic conditions of T = 571-668℃ and P =1.7-2.02 GPa. Domain 2 always surrounds domain 1 or occurs as rounded and spindly cores with white-luminescent images. It contains coesite eclogite facies mineral inclusion assemblages, indicating formation under UHP metamorphic conditions of T = 782-849℃ and P 〉 5.5 GPa. Domain 3, with gray-luminescent images, always surrounds domain 2 and occurs as the outermost zircon rim. It is characterized by low-pressure mineral inclusion assemblages, which are related to regional amphibolite facies retrograde metamorphism of T = 600- 710℃ and P = 0.7-1.2 GPa. The three metamorphic zircon domains have distinct ages; sample H1 from the Dabie terrane yielded SHRIMP ages of 245 ± 4 Ma for domain 1, 235 ± 3 Ma for domain 2 and 215± 6 Ma for domain 3, whereas sample H2 from the Sulu terrane yielded similar ages of 244 ± 4 Ma, 233 ± 4 Ma and 214 ± 5 Ma for Domains 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The mean ages of these zones suggest that subduction to UHP depths took place over 10-11 Ma and exhumation of the rocks occurred over a period of 19-20 Ma. Thus, subduction from - 55 km to 〉 160 km deep mantle depth took place at rates of approximately 9.5-10.5 km/Ma and exhumation from depths 〉160 km to the base of the crust at -30 km occurred at approximately 6.5 km/Ma. We propose a model for these rocks involving deep subduction of continental margin lithosphere followed by ultrafast exhumation driven by buoyancy forces after break-off of the UHP slab deep within the mantle.

桐柏—大别—苏鲁UHP和HP变质带的结构及流变学演化

在岩石圈流变学基本原理指导下 ,运用现代构造解析学方法 ,在不同尺度上判别和分析了桐柏—大别—苏鲁UHP和HP变质带内深俯冲、同碰撞构造及UHP和HP岩石折返过程中的变形特征 ,重点讨论同碰撞形成的高角度网结状榴辉岩相剪切带阵列、高角闪岩相剪切及有关变形组合以及碰撞期后伸展韧性薄化变形样式 ,强调指出不同地壳层次和物理条件下变形分解作用的重要性 ,而且 ,在UHP和HP变质带内最有效的应变体制是剪切作用 ,并在三维空间上形成不同格式的剪切带网状系统 .以构造学记录为主线 ,结合已有可利用的岩石学、变质作用 pT轨迹和同位素年代学资料 ,提出一个UHP和HP变质带尺度上的流变学演化模式 ,其中 ,UHP和HP变质岩石由地幔深度折返到地壳表层 ,经历了楔状挤出、碰撞期后地壳韧性薄化及晚造山伸展塌陷。

Northward subduction-related orogenesis of the southern Altaids:Constraints from structural and metamorphic analysis of the HP/UHP accretionary complex in Chinese southwestern Tianshan,NW China

The Chinese Tianshan belt of the southern Altaids has undergone a complicated geological evolution. Different theories have been proposed to explain its evolution and these are still hotly debated. The major subduction polarity and the way of accretion are the main problems. Southward, northward subduction and multiple subduction models have been proposed. This study focuses on the structural geology of two of the main faults in the region, the South Tianshan Fault and the Nikolaev Line. The dip direction in the Muzhaerte valley is southward and lineations all point towards the NW. Two shear sense motions have been observed within both of these fault zones, a sinistral one, and a dextral one, the latter with an age of 236-251 Ma. Structural analyses on the fault zones show that subduction has been northward rather than southward. The two shear sense directions indicate that the Yili block was first dragged along towards the east due to the cloclkwise rotation of the Tarim block. After the Tarim block stopped rotating, the Yili block still kept going eastward, inducing the dextral shear senses within the fault zones.

The Lanshantou Kyanite-bearing Eclogite with Coesite Inclusions in the Sulu Ultrahigh-Pressure Metamorphic Belt and Its PTt Path

Coesite inclusions are found in kyanite from the Lanshantou eclogite in the Sulu ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic belt. This discovery extends the stable region of kyanite to over 2.4 GPa. As an important UHP metamorphic belt in China, the Sulu eclogite belt is the product of A-subduction induced by strong compression of the Yellow Sea terrane to the Jiaodong-northereastern Jiangsu terrane during the interaction of the Eurasian plate and Palaeo-Pacific plate in the Indosinian. It stretches about 350 km and contains over 1000 eclogite bodies. Most eclogites in this belt belong to Groups B and C in the classification of Coleman et al., and commonly contain kyanite, while the Lanshantou eclogite belongs to Group A and contains coesite. The MgO, CaO and FeO contents in garnet and pyroxene show regular variation from the core to the rim, which reveals the PTt paths of progressive metamorphism during the Early Mesozoic (240-200 Ma) and retrogressive metamorphism during the Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic exhumation.

Pb Isotope Mapping in the Tongbai-Dabie Orogenic Belt, Central China

Tongbai-Dabie orogenic belt in Central China is a part of the collisional belt between the Yangtze and North China cratons. It represents one of the most extensive ultrahigh-pressure （UHP） and high-pressure （HP） metamorphic rocks in the world. The Pb isotope mapping in this area is a significant method to constrain the crustal structure and tectonic evolution and to identify the tectonic boundaries within the vertical tectonic stack. Based on the Pb isotope compositions of the Dabie complex （DBC）, the Tongbai complex （TBC）, UHP and HP metamorphic rocks and associated foliated granites, the lower metamorphosed rocks from North Huaiyang （NHY） tectonic belt, and Cretaceous granites in the Tongbai-Dabie orogenic belt, we determined the Pb isotope geochemical map of the Tongbai-Dabie orogenic belt. The Pb isotope map shows that the Pb isotope compositions are similar within each geological body or lithotectonic unit, but the Pb isotope compositions of different lithotectonic units show systematic variations in the Tongbai-Dabie orogenic belt. The NHY tectonic belt contrasts strongly with the Tongbai-Dabie UHP.HP metamorphic belt in Pb isotope compositions. It is suggested that the line along the Xiaotian-Mozitan fault, the north limit of the Tongbai-Dabie UHP and HP metamorphic rocks, represents an important tectonic boundary. Within the Tongbai-Dabie HP -UHP metamorphic belt, to the south of Xiaotian-Mozitan fault, the vertical variations of Pb isotope compositions in different lithotectonic units and the spatial relationship among different major lithotectonic units have been constrained.

Investigation of Curie Point Depth in Sulu Ultrahigh-Pressure Metamorphic Belt,Eastern China

The Curie point depth of continental crust can reflect the regional tectonic pattern and geothermal structures. Analysis of magnetism is an efficient way to obtain the Curie point depth on a regional scale. This study systematically investigated the Curie point depth of Sulu （苏鲁） ultrahigh pressure （UHP） metamorphic belt （33°40＇N to 36°20＇N and 118°E to 120°E, ca. 60 000 km^2）, eastern China using aeromagnetic data. The results show that the Curie point depth of the Sulu region varies from 18.5 to 27 km. The shallowest Curie point depth （ca. 18.5 km） is located in Subei （苏北） subsidence, where the estimated temperature gradient value is about 31.35℃/km, which is comparable with the measured value of 30 ℃/km. In addition, a two-dimensional numerical solution of the heat conduction was used to calculate the temperature field to a depth of 30 km along the profile from Tancheng （郯城） to Lianshui （涟水） with a length of 139 km. The steady state model solved using the finite element method shows that the temperature around the Curie point depth is about 585.36 ℃, which is close to the Curie temperature （580℃） of magnetite at atmospheric pressure. These results provide new insights into the tectonic and continuous thermal structures of the Sulu UHP metamorphic belt.

造山带榴辉岩的变质作用P-T-t轨迹研究进展

板块俯冲和折返是板块构造理论的重要组成部分,也是固体地球科学研究的一个前沿方向。俯冲/碰撞造山带内的高压-超高压变质岩经历了俯冲至地球深部而后折返至地壳浅部的复杂地质过程,反演它们的P-T-t轨迹是高压-超高压变质作用研究的重要课题,也是揭示造山带构造演化的一个重要途径。造山带榴辉岩作为高压-超高压变质岩中的一类典型代表,常保留多个变质阶段的矿物组合,较完整地记录了造山带演化的关键信息,是反演P-T-t轨迹的理想样品。根据详细的岩相学观察和矿物成分分析,能识别出榴辉岩不同变质阶段的矿物组合。在此基础上,选取合适的地质温压计或采用相平衡模拟,可获得岩石相应变质阶段的温压条件(P-T)。如何获得多阶段变质年龄(t)和如何匹配变质作用的温压条件和年龄信息,是反演榴辉岩P-T-t轨迹的两个关键问题。本文针对榴辉岩中的锆石、金红石、榍石和褐帘石这四个适用于U-Pb定年的副矿物,从结晶条件和封闭温度等角度评估它们可能记录的年龄信息。结果表明,受限于结晶的温压条件或结晶后的改造作用,单种矿物定年难以获得多阶段年龄,一些实际研究中需要采用多种矿物或多个同位素体系实施定年分析。对于将副矿物从岩石中分选出来再实施原位微区定年的方法,测定微量元素和包裹体矿物组合并不总能准确限定这些定年副矿物结晶于哪个变质阶段,这将影响副矿物年龄意义的解析。观察分析定年副矿物在榴辉岩中的结构,能够厘清它们与岩石主要组成矿物之间的成因联系,进而可通过主要组成矿物限定副矿物的结晶温压条件和年龄意义。因此,具有岩相学结构制约的副矿物原位定年分析(“岩石年代学”方法)是耦合变质岩石学(P-T)和地质年代学(t)结果的重要手段,应在今后的变质作用研究中得到更多的重视和运用。与此同时,进一步研究变质分解/重结晶、熔/流体交代、脆/韧性变形等地质作用对副矿物定年同位素体系的影响。变质作用的时间信息不仅包括通过同位素定年获得的绝对年龄,也包括变质作用所持续的时间。受制于定年测试的精度,一些短时间尺度(≤1Myr)的变质作用难以通过同位素年代学方法进行限制。基于矿物的成分扩散、结构演变、力学性质转变等模拟方法,可用于揭示和限定这类变质事件的时间尺度,以此精细刻画岩石的变质P-T-t轨迹,有助于深入理解造山带榴辉岩的形成过程和机制。

苏鲁超高压带北部中生代岩浆侵入活动与同碰撞—碰撞后构造过程:锆石 U-Pb 年代学

苏鲁超高压变质带北部威海地区发育大量中生代侵入体。本文报道了新的同位素稀释法和 SHRIMP 锆石 U-Pb 同位素年龄数据,确认该区中生代侵入岩浆活动主要有三期,分别是三叠纪晚期～210Ma,侏罗纪晚期160～140Ma 和白垩纪早期～110Ma。三叠纪晚期主要是橄榄安粗岩系列的侵入体,包括邢家碱性辉长岩(211±5Ma 和213±5Ma),甲子山辉石正长岩(211.9±1.5Ma 和209.0±6.5Ma),槎山正长花岗岩(205.7±1.4Ma),它们的形成可能指示深俯冲大陆的板片断离作用。侏罗纪晚期主要有垛崮山花岗闪长岩体(161±1Ma),文登花岗岩体(160±3Ma)和昆嵛山花岗岩体(142±3Ma)。大量700～800Ma 的继承锆石指示这些花岗岩是俯冲的扬子板块部分熔融的产物,它们可能起因于碰撞加厚地壳的拆沉作用。白垩纪早期的侵入体代表性的有六度寺辉石闪长岩(114.5±0.8Ma),秦薄顶钾长巨斑状花岗岩(114±1Ma),三佛山钾长斑状花岗岩(113±1Ma)和伟德山花岗岩(108±2Ma)。这些高钾钙碱系列侵入体,是中国东部普遍发育的岩石圈减薄过程中强烈的壳幔相互作用的产物。

大别造山带地壳速度结构与动力学

1994年完成的大别造山带深地震测深剖面（全长420km）穿越了华北地块，大别造山带和扬子地块三个构造单元．获得了垂向成层、横向分块的地壳纵、横波速度结构．结合地质、地球化学研究成果，大别山地壳可分为三层：上地壳是多重叠覆的构造岩石层，中地壳为韧性变形层，下地壳整体成分偏酸性．大别山地表及浅部的超高压变质岩石具有典型的薄皮构造特征．本文提出大别山不同期双向俯冲造山模式和超高压变质岩石的反向加楔退拔折返机制；大别山腹地至今仍保留6-8km厚的山根．

青藏高原拉萨地块中的大洋俯冲型榴辉岩:古特提斯洋盆的残留?

在西藏拉萨地块中新发现的榴辉岩为厚层状、块状,岩石新鲜,带宽500～600m,呈构造岩片产在含石榴子石云母石英片岩中。榴辉岩岩石类型简单,榴辉岩相矿物为石榴子石+绿辉石+金红石+多硅白云母+(石英)。Grt-Omp-Phe矿物温压计估算出榴辉岩的形成温压条件为T=730℃,p=2.7GPa,接近于柯石英和石英的转变线。岩石地球化学和Sr-Nd同位素表明其原岩为典型的MORB玄武岩,来自亏损地幔。榴辉岩锆石的SHRIMPU-Pb年龄介于(242.4±15.2)～(291.9±12.8)Ma之间,15个测点的平均值为261.7Ma±5.3Ma,结合矿物包裹体的研究,认为代表榴辉岩的变质年龄,与Sm-Nd同位素等时线年龄(305Ma)可以对比。结合区域地质资料,推测榴辉岩的原岩时代为石炭纪—二叠纪。二叠纪MORB榴辉岩和区域上同时代岛弧火山岩的产出,表明拉萨地块中可能存在一条石炭纪—二叠纪的古缝合带,其中榴辉岩代表古特提斯洋壳的残留。

青龙山超高压变质榴辉岩绿帘石化学成分与流体包裹体特征

青龙山超高压变质榴辉岩中的绿帘石经历了四个演化阶段:早期绿帘角闪岩相进变质阶段形成的绿帘石,其化学成分以含铁高为特征,Fe2O3为14．796-17．84％,XFe=0．413-0．486,而CaO和Al2O3含量较低;柯石英榴辉岩相变质阶段和石英榴辉岩相变质阶段形成的绿帘石,其化学成分呈现连续变化,核部相对富Fe2O3,为11．933～12．993％,XFe=0．322- 0．358,而CaO和Al2O3含量低,主要形成于柯石英榴辉岩相变质阶段;边部Fe2O3的含量低,为9．628-10．138％,XFe=0．275～0．286,而CaO和Al2O3的含量高,主要形成于石英榴辉岩相退变质阶段;晚期退变质角闪岩相阶段形成的绿帘石,其化学成分与绿帘角闪岩相变质阶段相似,也以富含Fe2O3为特征,XFe=0．433。绿帘石化学成分的变化反映了苏鲁超高压变质带快速俯冲快速折返的过程。绿帘石中存在三种不同盐度的含Mg2+、Fe2+等金属阳离子的NaCl水溶液包裹体,高盐度(22．5wt％NaCl至略大于23．2wt％NaCl)的水溶液包裹体形成于柯石英榴辉岩相变质阶段,中高盐度(12．6-16．0wt％NaCl)的水溶液包裹体形成于石英榴辉岩相变质阶段,而中等盐度(6．4—11．7 wt％NaCl)的溶液包裹体形成于角闪岩相退变质阶段。绿帘石中流体包裹体的研究证实超高压变质作用及后期的折返过程中并不存在大规模的流体作用,变质流体的活动限于矿物晶体颗粒范围。

柴达木盆地北缘新元古代-早古生代大洋的形成、发展和消亡

柴达木盆地北缘构造带是一条典型的早古生代造山带,是由陆壳深俯冲形成的高压/超高压变质带,产于其中的高压/超高压变质岩石原岩形成时代普遍大于750Ma,原岩的性质为陆壳属性,但柴北缘东段都兰沙柳河地区出露的含柯石英榴辉岩原岩的形成时代为516Ma,原岩的性质为洋壳属性,证实柴北缘局部地段还存在洋壳深俯冲,柴北缘地区可能记录了从大洋俯冲到大陆俯冲再到碰撞造山这一完整的演化历史。本文主要从岩石学、年代学、地球化学以及同位素地球化学等方面对柴北缘地区陆壳深俯冲前新元古代-早古生代大洋发展与演化的岩石记录进行了系统总结,认为柴北缘地区在700~850Ma时受Rodinia超大陆裂解事件的影响发生了裂解;535~700Ma时在裂解事件的基础上形成了一个新元古代-早古生代的大洋,沿柴北缘连续分布的岩石记录表明该洋盆可能在早古生代已具有一定的规模;460~535Ma时该洋壳发生了俯冲消减作用;450~460Ma期间洋盆闭合消失。这一认识对全面深入了解柴北缘高压/超高压变质带早古生代构造演化历史具有重要意义。