Overvoltage Suppression for UHV Transmission Lines

The overvoltage phenomena of ultra high voltage (UHV) transmission lines are analyzed and verified by EMTDC/PSCAD simulation. Referring to the theoretical analyses and operating experiences of extra high voltage (EHV) transmission lines in China and UHV transmission lines in Russia and Japan, the methods to suppress the internal overvoltage in UHV transmission lines by protection and control strategies are discussed. Through the cooperation among the recloser, shunt reactor, tripping and closing resistance, and metal oxide varistor(MOV), the overvoltage can be restrained within an acceptable level.

Measurement and Simulation of Induced Voltage and Current on 110 KV Crossing Transmission Lines under UHV AC Transmission Lines

The induced electricity of 110 kV transmission lines which cross the UHV AC transmission lines may threaten personal safety of the maintenance staff. In this paper, field measurement of the induced voltage and induced current on a 110 kV crossing line inside Jinhua in Zhejiang province is performed. The electrostatic induced voltage on the measured line is 12.24 kV. The power frequency electromagnetic field simulation model is established, and the calculation results are consistent with the measured. Influence factors analysis shows that the electrostatic induced voltage on the 110 kV line is 12.78 kV, the electromagnetic induced voltage is 12.3 V, the induced current through ground wire is less than 1A when the UHV lines operate at full load. The induced voltage and current decrease while the crossing distance increases. Parallel lines induction is much higher than crossing lines. The electromagnetic induced voltage after ground knife-switch shut down would exceed the human safety voltage 36 V while the crossing angle is less than 30?, so the temporary ground wire must be hanged to ensure safety of the maintenance staff.

Effects of Un-transposed UHV Transmission Line on Fault Analysis of Power Systems

The conventional fault analysis method based on symmetrical components supposes that the three-phase parameters of un-transposed transmission line are symmetrical in case of fault. The errors caused by the method with the symmetrical distributed parameter circuit model as the equivalent circuit of the un-transposed ultra high voltage(UHV) transmission line were studied under both normal operation and fault,and the corresponding problems arising were pointed out. By contrast with electromagnetic transient and power electronics(EMTPE) simulation results with the asymmetrical distributed parameter circuit model of un-transposed line, it is shown that the conventional method cannot show the existence of negative and zero sequences before fault happening and there are many errors on voltage and current after fault happening which are different with fault types. The error ranges of voltage and current are 2.13%-81.13% and -7.82%- -86.15%, respectively.

Modeling of Lightning Shielding Failure in UHV Transmission Line Based on Randomness Theory

The operation data obtained abroad indicates that shielding failure in UHV transmission lines mostly accounts for the tripping-out accidents introduced by lightning striking the transmission line.Based on the discharge theories of long air gap and randomness theory,a leader progression model of lightning shielding failure is presented in this paper.The random characteristics of the downward and upward leader are simulated in this model.The ground slope angel is also considered in this model by using coordinate transformation.Moreover,the system voltage is also taken into consideration in this model.The simulation results show that the good agreement between this model and the field data.And the results suggest that return striking exist obviously in UHV transmission line.

Digital simulation studies on long transmission line protection based on balance of energy

The protection based balance of energy is a new technique specially proposed for long transmission lines. This technique depends upon the calculation of net energy into the transmission line by two independent methods and comparing them to indicate healthy and faulty conditions. In order to study the performance and feasibility of the protection based on balance of energy, the new protection has been extensively tested by using EMTP on a long transmission line with various configurations and operating conditions (including single pole line, double circuit lines and two phase operation). The results calculated by EMTP show that under any condition of a power system, the proposed technique has excellent performance,the viability even for high resistance ground faults and a short operation time.

Fault location of untransposed double-circuit transmission lines based on an improved Karrenbauer matrix and the QPSO algorithm

Some double-circuit transmission lines are untransposed,which results in complex coupling relations between the parameters of the transmission lines.If the traditional modal transformation matrix is directly used to decouple the parameters,it can lead to large errors in the decoupled modal parameter,errors which will be amplified in the fault location equation.Consequently,it makes the fault location results of the untransposed double-circuit transmission lines less accurate.Therefore,a new modal transformation method is needed to decou-ple the parameter matrix of untransposed double-circuit transmission lines and realize the fault location according to the decoupled modal parameter.By improving the basis of the Karrenbauer matrix,a modal transformation matrix suitable for decoupling parameters of untransposed double-circuit transmission lines is obtained.To address the dif-ficulties in solving the fault location equation of untransposed double-circuit transmission lines,a new fault location method based on an improved Karrenbauer matrix and the quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization(QPSO)algorithm is proposed.Firstly,the line parameter matrix is decomposed into identical and inverse sequence compo-nents using the identical-inverse sequence component transformation.The Karrenbauer matrix is then transformed to obtain the improved Karrenbauer matrix for untransposed double-circuit transmission lines and applied to identi-cal and inverse sequence components to solve the decoupled modal parameter.Secondly,based on the principle that voltage magnitudes at both ends are equal,the fault location equation is expressed using sequence compo-nents at each end,and the QPSO algorithm is introduced to solve the equation.Finally,the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed method are verified by PSCAD simulation.The simulation results fully demonstrate that the innova-tive improvement on the basis of the traditional modal transformation matrix in this paper can realize the modal transformation of the complex coupling parameters of the untransposed double-circuit transmission lines.It causes almost no errors in the decoupling process.The QPSO algorithm can also solve the fault location equation more accu-rately.The new fault location method can realize the accurate fault location of untransposed double-circuit transmis-sion lines.

Statistical Analysis of Radio Interference of 1000 kV UHV AC Double-circuit Transmission Lines in Foul Weather

Analyzing the impact of radio interference(RI)variation during foul weather conditions is an area that has received limited study.This paper provides a statistical analysis of RI measurements obtained from a long-term observation station close to the world’s first commercially operating 1000 kV UHV AC double-circuit transmission line in China.During six months of observations,the impact of RI was studied on the line during fog,drizzle,and light snow and rain.It was found that RI increases linearly with the natural logarithm of the precipitation intensity.The Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm(LMA)is employed to fit the RI value with the precipitation intensity.The reasonable distribution of RI in different foul weather is verified by one-sample K-S test.This test is seen as beneficial for further RI prediction based on statistical weather mode.

UHV交流输电线路对调幅广播收音台防护间距

为研究特高压交流输电线路对调幅广播收音台的防护间距,通过特高压交流试验基地的实测数据,得到了特高压交流输电线路的无线电干扰水平,为有源干扰的计算提供了强有力的数据支持。利用NEC电磁计算软件,建立了特高压输电线路的实体模型,计算了无源干扰随频率、入射角度以及防护间距的变化规律,得到了特高压交流线路3种典型塔型的无源干扰水平。最后通过比较有源干扰和无源干扰影响,给出了特高压交流架空输电线路对调幅广播收音台的防护间距计算值。

UHVAC输电线路大跨越段的防雷保护

为确保特高压输电线路的耐雷可靠性,对晋东南-南阳-荆门UHV输电线路的黄河大跨越段和汉江大跨越段的雷电性能进行了研究并介绍了UHV输电线路大跨越段雷电性能评估的计算方法,同时根据我国输电线路大跨越段的运行情况,参考俄罗斯标准,以大跨越段在雷电过电压下的雷击无故障时间(耐雷指标)来确定防雷保护方案,还计算了UHV输电线路大跨越段的年绕击跳闸次数和年反击跳闸次数及雷击避雷线跨越档距中央的反击跳闸次数,提出了按雷电过电压要求的跨越塔塔头间隙。研究表明,我国特高压输电线路大跨越段的耐雷指标不宜<50 a。

对AC UHV输电线附近可听噪声预测公式的评估

特高压输电中,导线的选择是由输电线下的可听噪声大小决定的,所以可听噪声的预测十分重要。为了从不同机构总结出的多种半经验公式中选择最适合用来预测我国特高压交流输电线下可听噪声大小的公式,结合我国对特高压交流输电线的要求,将相导线水平和正三角排列方式下可听噪声大小的不同预测结果与测量结果进行对比和分析。结果表明:相导线水平排列大雨时可用ENEL公式或IREQ公式计算,小雨时可用ENEL或GE公式计算;相导线正三角排列大雨时可用ENEL公式或BPA公式计算,小雨时只有BPA公式最适合。所以,我国特高压交流输电线下可听噪声的计算在相导线水平排列时选用ENEL公式,相导线正三角方式排列时选用BPA公式。

UHV输电线路对中波导航台无线电信号的干扰

为分析1000kV特高压输电线路对中波航空导航台的无线电干扰情况,在国家电网特高压交流试验基地进行了飞行试验。利用机载全球卫星定位导航系统(global positioning system,GPS)和地面GPS连续采集直升机穿越特高压线路的飞行数据,采用精密单点定位技术确定飞机航迹,并与理论航迹进行比较。试验结果表明:1000kV特高压线路对中波航空导航台无线电的干扰与飞机距离特高压线路的远近和飞机飞行高度没有明显关系。

基于T区中低频衰减特性构成方向元件的特高压三端混合直流输电线路单端方向保护研究

将保护装置安装在T区两侧,基于T区中低频衰减特性构成方向元件,提出一种特高压三端混合直流输电线路单端方向保护方法。分析特高压三端混合直流输电系统整流侧、T区以及线路末端逆变侧三端边界频率特性,发现T区边界对故障电流暂态信号中低频分量有一定的衰减作用、整流侧边界和线路末端逆变侧边界对故障电流暂态信号高频分量有明显衰减作用。利用小波分解,根据T区两侧线路暂态电流中低频能量差判断故障方向,并提出故障方向判据。当T区左侧发生故障时,利用线路L1末端所检测到的高频暂态电流能量与低频暂态电流能量的比值来判别整流侧区内、外故障;当T区右侧发生故障时,利用线路L2首端所检测到的高频暂态电流能量与低频暂态电流能量的比值来判别线路末端逆变侧区内、外故障;T区发生故障时,判定为线路区外故障。给出基于T区中低频衰减特性构成方向元件的特高压三端混合直流输电线路单端方向保护方案,最后在PSCAD/EMTDC仿真平台搭建昆柳龙特高压三端混合直流输电系统模型并对所提保护方法进行验证,仿真表明该文所提保护方法能实现特高压三端混合直流输电线路全线速动保护。

直流UHV线路杆塔规划及经济档距的确定

为降低直流特高压(UHV)输电线路的工程投资,结合±500 kV和国外已建UHV的经验,分析了现有杆塔荷载和经济档距。根据工程实际情况,计算了塔型方案中各塔的摇摆角系数、水平档距、垂直档距、摇摆角角度及塔头间隙等。计算确定,在理想平地情况下的经济塔高为51 m、经济档距为510 m。研究结果已被应用于云广±800kV线路。

特高压输电线路磁场对电力金具材料摩擦磨损的影响

目的通过分析特高压直流线路工频磁场环境对电力金具材料磨损行为的影响,探究其磨损机理,为联接金具的磨损失效预测提供理论依据。方法分析线路实际运行参数,计算工频磁场强度,采用自制电磁线圈与M-2000型磨损试验机相结合,通过分组控制变量法研究额定工况下金具材料的磨损过程,以及不同磁场强度下材料的磨损行为。结果在磁场环境中材料的磨损程度远小于无磁场情况下。在0~800 A/m范围内,随着磁场强度的增加,摩擦因数稍降低,质量损失量和磨损率呈下降趋势。在不同磁场强度下磨损试样均呈现越贴近摩擦接触表面区域其显微硬度越高,且随着纵深向后呈递减趋势。在无磁场情况下,磨损接触表面的犁沟较深,遍布锯齿型边缘的凹坑和山脊型微凸峰。在磁场环境中试样的接触表面和磨屑表面更加光滑平整,且氧含量明显升高。结论在无磁场情况下,接触表面为严重的磨粒磨损和黏着磨损。在磁场环境中,磨损试样在短时间内经历了初期磨合阶段和磨损加剧阶段,从而加速过渡到稳定磨损阶段,由严重的磨粒磨损和黏着磨损加速向轻微磨损转变。稳定阶段的主要磨损机制为氧化磨损,并伴随着轻微的磨粒磨损、黏着磨损,以及两摩擦副与磨屑“阻隔层”之间的三体磨损。工频磁场环境对试样磨损起到了一定的减摩作用,磨损程度减轻。

±1100 kV特高压输电塔线体系风振响应分析

为研究角度风下长横担输电塔线体系动力响应,采用有限元时程方法分析准东—华东±1100 kV特高压输电线路单塔及塔线体系风振响应。首先,利用线性滤波法计算得到三维脉动风速场,并结合准定常理论得到单塔及输电塔线体系脉动风荷载。其次,建立单塔及输电塔线体系有限元模型,利用模态分析方法计算结构的动力特性,研究导地线及长横担结构对输电塔动力特性的影响。最后,利用有限元时程方法对单塔及塔线体系进行动力分析,研究了风向角、长横担结构及塔线耦合效应等因素对结构动力响应的影响。结果表明:长横担结构会导致扭转频率降低,扭转振型出现顺序前移;塔线耦合效应降低了塔架结构自振频率,提高了结构阻尼比;根据位移均值计算结果,最不利风向角为15°和75°;根据扭转角均方根计算结果,最不利风向角为0°;单塔顺风向响应主要受背景分量和1阶振型的影响,塔线体系还受到导地线低阶共振分量的影响,扭转角主要受扭转1阶振型影响。

特高压直流输电线路直线塔V型悬垂绝缘子串选型

在特高压直流输电线路工程中,直线塔通常采用导线V型悬垂绝缘子串,由于该金具串形式多样,受力复杂,在选型时往往又存在粗放设计的情况,因此会使工程存在一定的资源浪费情况。文章利用受力平衡原理对直线塔V型悬垂绝缘子串选型的数学模型进行分析,得到V型悬垂绝缘子串选型计算方法,给出计算程序编写流程图,将程序应用于某±800 kV特高压直流输电线路工程中,验证了该方法的正确性和可行性。

某特高压直流线路地线覆冰灾害分析与探讨

针对输电线路冰灾事故地点覆冰观测数据短缺的问题,以某±800 kV特高压直流线路地线覆冰断线的典型故障为例,尝试从气象要素、现场查勘、影像资料及现场覆冰调查等方面综合分析,结合覆冰形状,选取适当的计算方法估算覆冰量级,为覆冰资料短缺地区覆冰量级的快速确定提供一种简易的计算方法。通过采用不同覆冰条件下导线和地线弧垂间隙反算覆冰量级,验证了此种估算方法的可行性。

基于多传感技术的超高压输电线路带电作业预警

单一传感器在获取输电线路信息时存在局限性,无法全面准确地反映实际情况,存在误报风险。为此,提出一种基于多传感技术的超高压输电线路带电作业预警方法。利用多种传感器,全面采集超高压输电线路的相关信息;通过改进DS证据理论,融合多传感器采集的信息,从而准确估计作业人员位置以及身体健康状况。在此基础上,划分带电作业区域,确定作业区、安全区与预警区的界限;系统会根据作业人员的生命体征进行分析,一旦发现其心率小于60次/分钟或大于100次/分钟、血氧饱和度低于95%时,便会立即发出危险报警。同时,如果系统估计作业人员的生命体征状态不佳,也会及时发出体征报警。此外,若作业人员GPS偏离较大,系统会发出静默报警,提醒相关人员注意。实验证明,该方法可有效采集超高压输电线路相关信息,对作业人员带电作业风险进行预警监测。

特高压交直流输电线路带电作业安全防护及碳减排效应分析

特高压(ultra high voltage,UHV)交流与直流线路同廊道运行时带电作业区域电压高、场强大,交直流混合电场比单一电场更为复杂。为确保作业人员安全,结合实际±1100 kV直流和1000 kV交流线路,建立了包含输电导线、杆塔及带电作业人员的三维计算模型,通过分析开展带电作业时人员的体表混合场强、电位转移电流及暂态能量,对作业人员安全防护进行研究。结果表明:随着作业人员不断接近直流线路,体表场强受交流线路影响越明显,最高可使作业人员体表场强增大约9%,达到1920 kV/m;交流线路的存在将导致电位转移电流增长约7%,但对暂态能量影响较小。通过对特高压线路不停电检修所减少的碳排放量进行进一步计算,验证了特高压带电作业对减少碳排放具有促进作用。

基于ANSYS Maxwell建模的超高压输电线路工频电磁场分布研究

超高压交流输电线路产生的电磁辐射可能会对生物体造成危害。为探究超高压输电线路下方电磁场环境的问题,依据有限元仿真软件ANSYSMaxwell搭建500k V单回和双回输电线路的三维模型分析主要影响因素,重点仿真研究导线在不同的距地高度、排列方式、相序分布、相间距离、相导线分裂根数及子导线半径情况下对输电线路下方工频电场和工频磁感应强度分布规律的影响,并探讨了林地和墙体对磁场的抑制作用。