OBJECTIVE Ginsenoside Rg1(Rg1),a purified compound from Panax ginseng,has been well documented to be effective against ischemia/reperfusion(I/R) neurotoxicity.However,the underlying mechanism is stil obscure.METHODS T...OBJECTIVE Ginsenoside Rg1(Rg1),a purified compound from Panax ginseng,has been well documented to be effective against ischemia/reperfusion(I/R) neurotoxicity.However,the underlying mechanism is stil obscure.METHODS The anti-I/R effect of Rg1 were investigated in vitro and in vivo,and the dynamics of nuclear accumulation and the transcriptional activity of NF-E2-related factor 2(Nrf2) determined by Western blotting and Dual Luciferase Reporter Assay,respectively.Nrf2 siRNA was employed to investigate Nrf2′s role in the protective effect of Rg1 against I/R.Furthermore,the role of miR-144,which could regulate post-translational Nrf2 levels,was investigated in the anti-I/R effect of Rg1 by injection of AAV-hypoxia-inducible factor miR-144-shRNA in the predicted ischemic penumbra.RESULTS It was found that the anti-I/R effect of Rg1 was related to its anti-oxidative capacity,which is mainly regulated by the Nrf2/antioxidant response element(ARE) pathway.Further study suggested that Rg1 contributes to the enhancement of the Nrf2/ARE pathway,as manifested by increasing the dynamic peak content of Nrf2,which prolonged the maintenance stage,and promoting the expression of ARE-target genes after oxygen glucose deprivation/reperfusion(OGD/R) in PC12 cells.Nrf2-siRNA application significantly reduced these changes.Furthermore,the enhancement of the Nrf2/ARE pathway by Rg1 was independent of disassociation from Keap1;rather it was a result of posttranslational regulations.It was found that Rg1 significantly reduced the expression of miR-144,which down-regulates Nrf2 production by targeting its 3′-untranslated region,after OGD/R.Knockdown of Nrf2 showed no effect on the expression of miR-144,indicating that miR-144 is an upstream regulator of Nrf2.Moreover,direct binding between Nrf2 and miR-144 in the PC12 cells was identified.Application of anti-miR-144 significantly reduced Rg1′s anti-OGD/R capacity.Final y,the role of miR-144 in Rg1′ s anti-I/R effect was tested by inhibiting miR-144 in the predicted ischemic penumbra when hypoxia-inducible-factor was activated.The results showed that loss of miR-144 abolished the anti-I/R effect of Rg1,which included reduced infarct volume,improved neurological scores,attenuated oxidative impairment,as well as activation of the Nrf2/ARE pathway.CONCLUSION Oxidative stress after I/R is alleviated by Rg1 through inhibition of miR-144 activity and subsequent promotion of the Nrf2/ARE pathway at the post-translational level.展开更多
目的建立可用于人参Panax ginseng中6个成分的一测多评法(QAMS)。方法采用高效液相色谱法,使用Phenomenex Luna C_(18)色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以乙腈-0.1%磷酸水为流动相,梯度洗脱,体积流量1.0 m L/min,柱温25℃,检测波长203...目的建立可用于人参Panax ginseng中6个成分的一测多评法(QAMS)。方法采用高效液相色谱法,使用Phenomenex Luna C_(18)色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以乙腈-0.1%磷酸水为流动相,梯度洗脱,体积流量1.0 m L/min,柱温25℃,检测波长203 nm。以人参皂苷Rb_1为参照物,建立其与人参皂苷Rg_1、Re、Rc、Rb_2、Rd的相对校正因子,外标法与QAMS分别测定6个成分含量,t检验评价QAMS的可行性和适用性。结果在一定线性范围内,人参皂苷Rb_1相对人参皂苷Rg_1、Re、Rc、Rb_2、Rd的相对校正因子重复性好,2种方法所得6个成分的含量无明显差异,实验得相对校正因子可供参考。结论该法用于人参多种成分的同步质量评价是准确、可行的,可作为一种新的质量评价模式为中药及中药制剂实现多成分同时监控提供有益借鉴。展开更多
In this paper,we summarize the existing methods of solving the evolution equation of the leading-twist B-meson LCDA.Then,in the Mellin space,we derive a factorization formula with next-to-leading-logarithmic(NLL)resum...In this paper,we summarize the existing methods of solving the evolution equation of the leading-twist B-meson LCDA.Then,in the Mellin space,we derive a factorization formula with next-to-leading-logarithmic(NLL)resummation for the form factors FA,V in the B→γℓνdecay at leading power inΛ/mb.Furthermore,we investigate the power suppressed local contributions,factorizable non-local contributions(which are suppressed by 1/Eγand 1/mb),and soft contributions to the form factors.In the numerical analysis,which employs the two-loop-level hard function and the jet function,we find that both the resummation effect and the power corrections can sizably decrease the form factors.Finally,the integrated branching ratios are also calculated for comparison with future experimental data.展开更多
基金The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81603315 81730096+4 种基金 81373551 81730093U1402221)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS)(2016-I2M-1-004)the Opening Program of Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy(CME-OP-2017001)
文摘OBJECTIVE Ginsenoside Rg1(Rg1),a purified compound from Panax ginseng,has been well documented to be effective against ischemia/reperfusion(I/R) neurotoxicity.However,the underlying mechanism is stil obscure.METHODS The anti-I/R effect of Rg1 were investigated in vitro and in vivo,and the dynamics of nuclear accumulation and the transcriptional activity of NF-E2-related factor 2(Nrf2) determined by Western blotting and Dual Luciferase Reporter Assay,respectively.Nrf2 siRNA was employed to investigate Nrf2′s role in the protective effect of Rg1 against I/R.Furthermore,the role of miR-144,which could regulate post-translational Nrf2 levels,was investigated in the anti-I/R effect of Rg1 by injection of AAV-hypoxia-inducible factor miR-144-shRNA in the predicted ischemic penumbra.RESULTS It was found that the anti-I/R effect of Rg1 was related to its anti-oxidative capacity,which is mainly regulated by the Nrf2/antioxidant response element(ARE) pathway.Further study suggested that Rg1 contributes to the enhancement of the Nrf2/ARE pathway,as manifested by increasing the dynamic peak content of Nrf2,which prolonged the maintenance stage,and promoting the expression of ARE-target genes after oxygen glucose deprivation/reperfusion(OGD/R) in PC12 cells.Nrf2-siRNA application significantly reduced these changes.Furthermore,the enhancement of the Nrf2/ARE pathway by Rg1 was independent of disassociation from Keap1;rather it was a result of posttranslational regulations.It was found that Rg1 significantly reduced the expression of miR-144,which down-regulates Nrf2 production by targeting its 3′-untranslated region,after OGD/R.Knockdown of Nrf2 showed no effect on the expression of miR-144,indicating that miR-144 is an upstream regulator of Nrf2.Moreover,direct binding between Nrf2 and miR-144 in the PC12 cells was identified.Application of anti-miR-144 significantly reduced Rg1′s anti-OGD/R capacity.Final y,the role of miR-144 in Rg1′ s anti-I/R effect was tested by inhibiting miR-144 in the predicted ischemic penumbra when hypoxia-inducible-factor was activated.The results showed that loss of miR-144 abolished the anti-I/R effect of Rg1,which included reduced infarct volume,improved neurological scores,attenuated oxidative impairment,as well as activation of the Nrf2/ARE pathway.CONCLUSION Oxidative stress after I/R is alleviated by Rg1 through inhibition of miR-144 activity and subsequent promotion of the Nrf2/ARE pathway at the post-translational level.
文摘目的建立可用于人参Panax ginseng中6个成分的一测多评法(QAMS)。方法采用高效液相色谱法,使用Phenomenex Luna C_(18)色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以乙腈-0.1%磷酸水为流动相,梯度洗脱,体积流量1.0 m L/min,柱温25℃,检测波长203 nm。以人参皂苷Rb_1为参照物,建立其与人参皂苷Rg_1、Re、Rc、Rb_2、Rd的相对校正因子,外标法与QAMS分别测定6个成分含量,t检验评价QAMS的可行性和适用性。结果在一定线性范围内,人参皂苷Rb_1相对人参皂苷Rg_1、Re、Rc、Rb_2、Rd的相对校正因子重复性好,2种方法所得6个成分的含量无明显差异,实验得相对校正因子可供参考。结论该法用于人参多种成分的同步质量评价是准确、可行的,可作为一种新的质量评价模式为中药及中药制剂实现多成分同时监控提供有益借鉴。
基金Y.B.W is Supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(11675082,11735010)。
文摘In this paper,we summarize the existing methods of solving the evolution equation of the leading-twist B-meson LCDA.Then,in the Mellin space,we derive a factorization formula with next-to-leading-logarithmic(NLL)resummation for the form factors FA,V in the B→γℓνdecay at leading power inΛ/mb.Furthermore,we investigate the power suppressed local contributions,factorizable non-local contributions(which are suppressed by 1/Eγand 1/mb),and soft contributions to the form factors.In the numerical analysis,which employs the two-loop-level hard function and the jet function,we find that both the resummation effect and the power corrections can sizably decrease the form factors.Finally,the integrated branching ratios are also calculated for comparison with future experimental data.
