Unified numerical predictor-corrector guidance based on characteristic model

Aerocapture is one of the key technologies for low-cost transportation,with high demands of autonomy,accuracy,and robustness of guidance and control,due to its high reliability requirements for only one chance of trying.A unified numerical predictor-corrector guidance method based on characteristic models for aerocapture is proposed.The numerical predictor-corrector guidance method is used to achieve autonomy and high accuracy,and the characteristic model control method is introduced to achieve robustness.At the same time,by transforming path constraints,characteristic model equations including apogee deviation and altitude differentiation are established.Based on the characteristic model equations,a unified guidance law which can satisfy path constraints and guidance objectives simultaneously is designed.In guidance problems,guidance deviation is not directly obtained from the output of the dynamics at present,but is calculated through integral and algebraic equations.Therefore,the method of directly discretizing differential equations cannot be used to establish characteristic models,which brings great difficulty to characteristic modeling.A method for characteristic modeling of guidance problems is proposed,and convergence analysis of the proposed guidance law is also provided.Finally,a joint numerical simulation of guidance and control considering navigation deviation and various uncertainties is conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.The proposed unified method can be extended to general aerodynamic entry guidance designs,providing theoretical and methodological support for them.

Isotopic dependence of the yield ratios of light fragments from different projectiles and their unified neutron skin thicknesses

The yield ratios of neutron-proton(R(n/p))and^(3)H-^(3)He(R(^(3)H∕^(3)He))with reduced rapidity from 0 to 0.5 were simulated at 50 MeV/u even-even ^(36−56)Ca+^(40)Ca,even-even ^(48−78)Ni+^(58)Ni,and ^(100−139)Sn(every third isotopes)+112 Sn for full reduced impact parameters using the isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics(IQMD)model.The neutron and proton density distributions and root-mean-square radii of the reaction systems were obtained using the Skyrme-Hartree-Fock model,which was used for the phase space initialization of the projectile and target in IQMD.We defined the unified neutron skin thickness asΔRnp=<r^(2)>^(1∕2) n−<r^(2)>^(1∕2)p,which was negative for neutron-deficient nuclei.The unifiedΔRnp values for nuclei with the same relative neutron excess from different isotopic chains were nearly equal,except for extreme neutron-rich isotopes,which is a type of scaling behavior.The yield ratios of the three isotopic chain-induced reactions,which depended on the reduced impact parameter and unified neutron skin thickness,were studied.The results showed that both R(n/p)and R(^(3)H∕^(3)He)decreased with a reduced impact parameter for extreme neutron-deficient isotopes;however,they increased with reduced impact parameters for extreme neutron-rich isotopes,and increased with theΔRnp of the projectiles for all reduced impact parameters.In addition,a scaling phenomenon was observed betweenΔR np and the yield ratios in peripheral colli-sions from different isotopic chain projectiles(except for extreme neutron-rich isotopes).Thus,R(n/p)and R(^(3)H∕^(3)He)from peripheral collisions were suggested as experimental probes for extracting the neutron or proton skin thicknesses of non-extreme neutron-rich nuclei from different isotopic chains.

Unified deep learning model for predicting fundus fluorescein angiography image from fundus structure image

The prediction of fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA)images from fundus structural images is a cutting-edge research topic in ophthalmological image processing.Prediction comprises estimating FFA from fundus camera imaging,single-phase FFA from scanning laser ophthalmoscopy(SLO),and three-phase FFA also from SLO.Although many deep learning models are available,a single model can only perform one or two of these prediction tasks.To accomplish three prediction tasks using a unified method,we propose a unified deep learning model for predicting FFA images from fundus structure images using a supervised generative adversarial network.The three prediction tasks are processed as follows:data preparation,network training under FFA supervision,and FFA image prediction from fundus structure images on a test set.By comparing the FFA images predicted by our model,pix2pix,and CycleGAN,we demonstrate the remarkable progress achieved by our proposal.The high performance of our model is validated in terms of the peak signal-to-noise ratio,structural similarity index,and mean squared error.

Assessing the range of blasting-induced cracks in the surrounding rock of deeply buried tunnels based on the unified strength theory

Blasting-induced cracks in the rock surrounding deeply buried tunnels can result in water gushing and rock mass collapse,posing significant safety risks.However,previous theoretical studies on the range of blasting-induced cracks often ignore the impact of the in-situ stress,especially that of the intermediate principal stress.The particle displacement−crack radius relationship was established in this paper by utilizing the blasthole cavity expansion equation,and theoretical analytical formulas of the stress−displacement relationship and the crack radius were derived with unified strength theory to accurately assess the range of cracks in deep surrounding rock under a blasting load.Parameter analysis showed that the crushing zone size was positively correlated with in-situ stress,intermediate principal stress,and detonation pressure,whereas negatively correlated with Poisson ratio and decoupling coefficient.The dilatancy angle-crushing zone size relationship exhibited nonmonotonic behavior.The relationships in the crushing zone and the fracture zone exhibited opposite trends under the influence of only in-situ stress or intermediate principal stress.As the in-situ stress increased from 0 to 70 MPa,the rate of change in the crack range and the attenuation rate of the peak vibration velocity gradually slowed.

Unified Control Theory from PID to ACPID

To address the challenge of achieving unified control across diverse nonlinear systems, a comprehensive control theory spanning from PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) to ACPID (Auto-Coupling PID) has been proposed. The primary concept is to unify all intricate factors, including internal dynamics and external bounded disturbance, into a single total disturbance. This enables the mapping of various nonlinear systems onto a linear disturbance system. Based on the theory of PID control and the characteristic equation of a critically damping system, Zeng’s stabilization rules (ZSR) and an ACPID control force based on a single speed factor have been designed. ACPID control theory is both simple and practical, with significant scientific significance and application value in the field of control engineering.

CHINA’S PUSH FOR UNIFIED NATIONAL MARKET BRINGS NEW OPPORTUNITIES

In recent years,China has implemented measures to advance the building of a unified national market,aiming to boost domestic demand and consolidate the foundations of its economic recovery.In March 2022,the Chinese government issued a guideline on accelerating the construction of a unified national market.The issue was also a focus at the annual Central Economic Work Conference held in December 2023.

The Unified Field

This is a Unified Field description based on the holographic Time Dilation Cosmology, TDC, model, which is an eternal continuum evolving forward in the forward direction of time, at the speed of light, c, at an invariant 1 s/s rate of time. This is the Fundamental Direction of Evolution, FDE. There is also an evolution down time dilation gradients, the Gravitational Direction of Evolution, GDE. These evolutions are gravity, which is the evolutionary force in time. Gravitational velocities are compensation for the difference in the rate of time, dRt, in a dilation field, and the dRtis equal to the compensatory velocity’s percentage of c, and is a measure of the force in time inducing the velocity. In applied force induced velocities, the dRt is a measure of the resistance in time to the induced velocity, which might be called “anti-gravity” or “negative gravity”. The two effects keep the continuum uniformly evolving forward at c. It is demonstrated that gravity is already a part of the electromagnetic field equations in way of the dRt element contained in the TDC velocity formula. Einstein’s energy formula is defined as a velocity formula and a modified version is used for charged elementary particle solutions. A time dilation-based derivation of the Lorentz force ties gravity directly to the electromagnetic field proving the unified field of gravity and the EMF. It is noted how we could possibly create gravity drives. This is followed by a discussion of black holes, proving supermassive objects, like massive black hole singularities, are impossible, and that black holes are massless Magnetospheric Eternally Collapsing Objects (MECOs) that are vortices in spacetime. .

UPLC-Q-TOF MS^E技术结合UNIFI数据库筛查方法快速分析巴戟天化学成分

采用UPLC-Q-TOF MS^E技术结合UNIFI数据库筛查方法对巴戟天中的化学成分进行了快速鉴定。对于已知化合物,利用其名称、分子式、结构式等信息补充完善UNIFI数据库,进行数据筛查,依据其精确分子质量、特征离子、中性丢失、MS/MS裂解规律、色谱保留行为等信息,结合对照品信息和文献报道等对其进行验证;对于未知成分,根据其精确分子质量、质谱裂解碎片、色谱保留行为以及已知同类化合物的特征碎片,对其进行结构表征。本实验共鉴定出110个化合物,包括8个寡糖类、12个环烯醚萜类、58个蒽醌类化合物和32个其他类化合物;推断出8个未知化合物,包括1个有机酸、2个苷类化合物、5个环烯醚萜类成分,其中4个是潜在的新化合物,另外4个为巴戟天中首次发现的化合物。该方法可对巴戟天药材中的化学成分进行快速、全面的分析,为巴戟天药材的质量控制和药效物质基础研究奠定基础。

Unified Solution Method of Rectangular Plate Elastic Bending

The bending of rectangular plate is divided into the generalized statically determinate bending and the generalized statically indeterminate bending based on the analysis of the completeness of calculating condition at the corner point. The former can be solved directly by the equilibrium differential equation and the boundary conditions of four edges of the plate. The latter can be solved by using the superposition principle. Making use of the recommended method, the bending of the plate with all kinds of...

UPLC-Q-TOF-MS^E技术结合UNIFI数据库快速定性分析补气通络颗粒的化学成分

目的应用超高效液相色谱联用四级杆飞行时间质谱仪(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS^E)结合UNIFI数据平台对补气通络颗粒的化学成分进行快速定性分析。方法应用时间依赖型MSE法采集样品质谱数据,结合自动检出及人工核对方法分析补气通络颗粒的化学成分。结果通过UNIFI数据库自动检测结果、搜索在线和离线数据库以及人工核对相关文献,鉴定黄酮类、皂苷类、萜类、酯类、氨基酸和酚酸类共72种化合物。其中,7种来自红芪,14种来自三七,24种来自泽泻,9种来自当归,2种来自川芎,6种来自蝉蜕,6种来自郁金,4种来自桂枝。结论本方法可快速定性分析补气通络颗粒的多种化学成分,为补气通络颗粒的质量控制、药效物质基础解析、作用机制阐明和组分配伍中药的开发提供参考。

UPLC-Q-TOF-MS^(E)技术结合UNIFI筛查平台分析加味逍遥丸化学成分

目的运用高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间串联质谱法(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS^(E))对加味逍遥丸的化学成分进行分析与鉴定,为复方质量控制及药效物质基础研究提供理论依据。方法采用ACQUITY UPLC BEH C_(18)柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7μm,Waters),以0.1%甲酸水-乙腈为流动相,梯度洗脱,进样量5μL,流速0.3 mL·min^(-1),柱温40℃。采用电喷雾离子源,在正、负2种模式下进行复方质谱检测与分析,并且使用UNIFI平台对MS^(E)模式下采集的质谱数据,结合化合物准分子离子、质谱裂解途径及标准品进行结构确认。结果通过分析目标化合物的分子离子峰和二级质谱特征碎片离子,并且结合标准品裂解规律以及相关文献资料,共鉴定了其中78个化学成分,包括3个倍半萜类成分、4个苯丙素类成分、13个单萜类成分、7个酚类成分、5个环烯醚萜类成分、10个黄酮类成分、23个三萜类成分及13个其他类成分。结论运用UPLC-Q-TOF-MS^(E)技术可快速分析鉴定复方加味逍遥丸的主要化合物类型,可为复方质量控制及药效物质基础研究提供理论依据。

Analysis of plane strain bending of a strain hardening curved beam based on unified yield criterion

The analysis of plane strain elastic-plastic bending of a linear strain hardening curved beam with a narrow rectangular cross section subjected to couples at its end is conducted based on a unified yield criterion. The solutions for the mechanical properties of plane strain bending are derived, which are adapted for various kinds of non-strength differential materials and can be degenerated to those based on the Tresca, von Mises, and twin-shear yield criteria. The dependences of the two critical bending moments, the radii of the interfaces between the elastic and plastic regions and the radial displacements of the points at the symmetrical plane on different yield criteria and Poisson’s ratios are discussed. The results show that the influences of different yield criteria and Poisson’s ratio on the two critical bending moments, the radii of the interfaces between the elastic and plastic regions and the radial displacements of the points at the symmetrical plane of the curved beam are significant. Once the value of bis obtained by experiments, the yield criterion and the corresponding solution for the materials of interest are then determined.

基于OPC Unified Architecture的服务器研究

首先介绍现有OPC规范以及其存在的不足,然后介绍OPC基金会即将推出的OPCUnifiedArchitecture规范,并重点研究OPCUnifiedArchitecture服务器的实现机制及方法,通过与现有OPC规范的比较,揭示OPCUA在平台无关性、可互操作性、可靠性等方面的显著优势。

UPLC-Q-TOF-MS^E技术结合UNIFI筛查平台快速分析补骨脂化学成分

采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF-MSE)联用技术结合UNIFI筛查平台对补骨脂提取物的化学成分进行分析鉴定。利用UPLC-Q-TOF-MSE技术采集补骨脂甲醇提取物的质谱数据,并通过UNIFI筛查平台结合各化合物的相对保留时间、精确分子质量、分子式、特征碎片与文献数据及标准品信息,共鉴定出补骨脂提取物中的44种化合物,包括28种黄酮类、10种香豆素类、2种单萜类和4种其他成分化合物,其中12种成分为首次在补骨脂中发现。该方法可为进一步研究补骨脂的质量控制、药效物质基础、药理作用等奠定基础。

UPLC-Q-TOF/MS技术结合UNIFI数据库快速分析止痛化癥胶囊的化学成分

目的:对止痛化癥胶囊(简称"ZTHZC")中的化学成分进行快速鉴定,为进一步阐明其药效物质基础和全面质量控制提供参考。方法:采用超高效液相色谱与飞行时间质谱联用(UPLC-Q-TOF/MS)技术对ZTHZC中化学成分进行分离。通过查阅ZTHZC化学成分及其单味中草药的化学成分相关的文献报道,将化学成分的化学结构保存成.mol格式的文件,补充完善UNIFI数据库。通过UNIFI数据库筛查,对ZTHZC中化学成分进行定性分析,依据其精确分子质量、特征离子、中性丢失、二级质谱裂解规律、色谱保留行为以及结合对照品信息和文献报道等对其进行验证。结果:共鉴定出了70个化学成分,包括38个有机酸及有机酸酯类、8个生物碱类、9个黄酮类、5个三萜皂苷类、5个醛类、2个酮类、1个醌类、1个聚炔类和1个单萜类化合物。结论:建立的方法能快速检测、鉴定ZTHZC的化学成分,本研究结果为其质量控制、药效物质基础的阐明提供了科学依据。

UPLC-Q-TOF-MS^E技术结合UNIFI筛查平台快速分析刺梨籽中化学成分

采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS E)联用技术结合UNIFI筛查平台对刺梨籽提取物的化学成分进行分析鉴定。利用UPLC-Q-TOF-MS E技术采集刺梨籽甲醇提取物乙酸乙酯部位的质谱数据,并通过UNIFI筛查平台结合各化合物的相对保留时间、精确分子质量、分子式、特征性碎片离子以及相关文献数据,共鉴定出刺梨籽提取物中的55种化合物,包括19种黄酮和36种三萜类化合物。该方法可为进一步研究刺梨籽的药效物质基础及其作用机制提供数据支持。

UPLC-ESI-QTOF/MS^E结合UNIFI快速分析华蟾素注射液化学成分

采用超高效液相色谱-电喷雾离子源-四级杆飞行时间质谱(UPLC-ESI-QTOF/MS)结合UNIFI天然产物信息平台快速分析华蟾素注射液化学成分。利用QTOF/MS非信息依赖扫描的MS^E模式采集复杂组分质谱信息,将采集的质谱数据文件和自建化学成分库导入UNIFI,进行智能匹配,随后使用MassLynx工作站逐个核对。本实验共辨识76个化学成分,其中蟾蜍二烯羟酸内酯类36个、生物碱类12个(包括1种新成分)、小分子肽类13个、有机酸类7个、酰胺类4个、甾醇类2个、其他类2个。本方法能快速分离、分析华蟾素注射液复杂组分,为该制剂的毒-效成分及质量控制研究奠定了基础。

UPLC-Q-TOFMS^E技术结合UNIFI数据库快速分析桑黄化学成分

首次采用UPLC-Q-TOFMS^E技术结合UNIFI数据库筛查方法对桑黄中的化学成分进行快速鉴定。本实验共鉴定出58个化合物,包括11个有机酸及有机酸酯、7个苯丙素类、7个甾体、6个三萜、5个黄酮、5个酚类、4个二萜及其他化合物。该方法可对桑黄中的化学成分进行全面、快速地分析,为桑黄的质量控制和药效物质基础的阐明提供参考。

UPLC-Q-TOF/MS技术结合UNIFI平台快速鉴定鸡骨草化学成分

目的建立超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF/MS)结合UNIFI平台的分析方法,对鸡骨草的化学成分进行快速鉴定。方法采用ACQUITY PRM HSS T3 FIT色谱柱,以0.1%甲酸水溶液-乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速为0.3 mL/min,进样量为2μL;采用电喷雾离子源,以全信息串联质谱技术在正、负离子模式下分别采集鸡骨草化学成分的质谱数据。建立鸡骨草化学成分数据库,基于UNIFI平台进行靶向和非靶向分析,结合化合物的精确分子质量、二级碎片离子信息及与对照品和文献数据等比对进一步鉴定化学成分。结果共鉴定了鸡骨草的46种化合物,包括黄酮类19种、三萜类8种、生物碱类3种、有机酸类5种、其他类11种;其中11种化合物在鸡骨草中首次报道,9种化合物经对照品比对确证。结论UPLC-Q-TOF/MS结合UNIFI平台的分析方法可快速鉴定鸡骨草的化学成分。鸡骨草中主要以黄酮类、三萜类成分为主。

UPLC-QTOF/MS^E联合UNIFI筛选平台快速分析牛膝中三萜皂苷类成分

为明确牛膝三萜皂苷主要化学成分,采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱(UPLC-QTOF/MS)联合UNIFI科学信息系统对牛膝中的三萜皂苷进行快速定性分析。首先,经UPLC色谱分离后的牛膝三萜皂苷化学成分群在MS^E模式下采集质谱数据;然后,通过UNIFI平台自动检出并经过MassLynx工作站进行逐个核对,以快速完成牛膝三萜皂苷化学成分群的定性分析。本实验共分离、鉴定了40种三萜类皂苷类成分,其中以齐墩果酸为母核的化合物有38种,另有其它母核的三萜皂苷化合物2种。该方法可以快速的对牛膝中的三萜皂苷进行全面分析,将为牛膝皂苷的质量控制及后续药效物质研究提供参考。