青藏高原UTLS区域水汽输送特征分析

研究水蒸气的分布和变化对全球气候变化具有一定的现实意义。基于欧洲中心(ECMWF)30年(1982年1月—2012年12月)0.5°×0.5°逐月比湿,纬向风和经向风资料的资料,初步分析了青藏高原UTLS(上对流层至下平流层)区域水汽分布及变化特征。结果显示:青藏高原地区上空对流层区域水汽分布存在明显的季节变化,在春季,对流层水汽含量增加;夏季,水汽的含量也达到了最高,同时,在反气旋环流的作用下,使对流层的水汽不断的向平流层输送;秋季,高原对流层水汽含量减少;冬季,水汽的含量下降至较低值,并且向平流层的水汽输送也逐渐减少。

Gravity Wave Activity and Stratosphere-Troposphere Exchange During Typhoon Molave(2020)

To investigate the stratosphere-troposphere exchange(STE)process induced by the gravity waves(GWs)caused by Typhoon Molave(2020)in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere,we analyzed the ERA5 reanalysis data provided by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts and the CMA Tropical Cyclone Best Track Dataset.We also adopted the mesoscale forecast model Weather Research and Forecasting model V4.3 for numerical simulation.Most of the previous studies were about typhoon-induced STE and typhoon-induced GWs,while our research focused on the STE caused by typhoon-induced gravity waves.Our analysis shows that most of the time,the gravity wave signal of Typhoon Molave appeared below the tropopause.It was stronger on the east side of the typhoon center(10°-20°N,110°-120°E)than on the west side,suggesting an eastward tilted structure with height increase.When the GWs in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere region on the west side of the typhoon center broke up,it produced strong turbulence,resulting in stratosphere-troposphere exchange.At this time,the average potential vorticity vertical flux increased with the average ozone mass mixing ratio.The gravity wave events and STE process simulated by the WRF model were basically consistent with the results of ERA5 reanalysis data,but the time of gravity wave breaking was different.This study indicates that after the breaking of the GWs induced by typhoons,turbulent mixing will also be generated,and thus the STE.

不同类型和强度的东亚切断低压过程中UTLS区域臭氧变化对比分析

利用ERA-Interim高分辨率臭氧资料和NCEP再分析资料,对比分析了不同类型(浅薄型和深厚型)、不同强度(针对深厚型)的东亚切断低压过程中伴随平流层空气入侵引起的上对流层-下平流层UTLS(Upper Troposphere-Low er Stratosphere)区域臭氧变化情况,结果表明:(1)深厚型和浅薄型切断低压过程中均出现了平流层臭氧入侵现象。在300 h Pa上,存在浅薄型切断低压引起的臭氧增量与深厚型切断低压相当的情况。在垂直分布上,深厚型个例臭氧浓度升高范围集中在对流层中上层至平流层下层区域,而浅薄个例中的臭氧浓度上升只集中发生在对流层中上层。(2)切断低压引起的UTLS区域臭氧浓度高值分布范围及臭氧含量大小与系统本身强度存在一定的联系。强度较强的深厚型切断低压过程中动力学对流层顶下降深度和入侵的臭氧浓度均远大于强度较弱的深厚型切断低压。(3)在选取11年臭氧平均值和11年当月臭氧平均值分别作为距平基准进行对比分析时发现,不同类型和强度的切断低压对比结果不受不同臭氧基准态选取的影响。

青藏高原地区一次强对流过程中UTLS大气成分分析

青藏高原是对流层水汽和污染物进入平流层的一个重要通道,这些大气成分会对全球气候产生重要影响。利用MLS探测资料和ERA-Interim资料,对2012年7月5日发生在青藏高原中部的一次强对流活动中对流层上部平流层下部(UTLS)H_2O、O_3、CO和IWC的分布特点进行分析,并通过Wei公式估算穿越对流层顶的臭氧和水汽通量。分析结果表明:(1)O_3混合比在100hPa附近相对多年平均略微增加,从0.3×10^(-6)(V)增加到0.9×10^(-6)(V);CO混合比在150hPa以下最大值增加了0.08×10^(-6)(V);H_2O混合比在215hPa附近增加了80×10^(-6)(V);IWC在对流过程中增加明显,在215hPa处的含量最大达到了0.027g/m^3,比多年平均值增加2倍多。(2)对流活动开始前,向上穿过对流层顶的运动逐渐增强,且总的臭氧和水汽通量输送主要由垂直方向的瞬时运动变化贡献。因此高原上的强对流活动对对流层低层大气的抬升作用会使UTLS的大气成分发生相应变化。

Workshop on Dynamics, Transport and Chemistry of the UTLS Asian Monsoon

1. Overview The upper troposphere-lower stratosphere （UTLS） of the Asian summer monsoon （ASM） region is characterized by a continental-scale anticyclonic circulation, which is dynami- cally active and coupled to monsoonal convection. The monsoon anticyclone exhibits anomalous chemical and aerosol characteristics, linked to the outflow of deep convection and the large-scale circulation, and strongly influences the global UTLS composition during boreal summer.

上对流层/下平流层GPS掩星资料与我国探空温度对比

本文使用CDAAC(COSMIC Data Analysis and Archival Center)提供的1995—2010年GPS掩星干反演大气温度和我国无线电探空温度资料,选择临近的廓线进行匹配,以掩星资料为基准,分析上对流层/下平流层区域(200～30 hPa)探空温度与掩星温度之间的偏差。分析多种时空匹配条件下总的温度偏差和标准差的结果表明,匹配条件对偏差平均值影响较小,主要影响偏差标准差,选择探空和掩星廓线时间差小于3 h、距离小于200 km作为匹配条件。就全国平均而言,探空温度和掩星温度相差很小,其中在上对流层的偏差大于下平流层,偏差的标准差随高度增加而变大。在上对流层昼夜偏差都为正,下平流层白天为正、夜间为负,温度偏差和标准差在白天大于夜间,说明掩星资料具有足够的精度可以识别出太阳辐射对我国探空温度的影响。偏差在低纬较大,随纬度升高逐渐减小,与使用掩星资料计算的大气垂直减温率有较好的对应关系,其变化特征与探空滞后误差比较一致,说明使用掩星资料可以辨别滞后误差对探空资料的影响。就全国平均而言,L波段探空仪和59型探空仪的平均温度偏差都相对较小,但在不同纬度表现不同;在低纬地区二者偏差对比明显,59型探空仪具有较大的偏差,L波段探空仪偏差较小,高纬地区二者偏差相对都较小;59型探空仪的偏差标准差始终大于L波段探空仪。结果说明掩星资料可以分辨仪器换型对温度偏差的影响,探空仪的升级使我国探空资料的精准度提高,特别在纬度较抵的区域,偏差的改进更加明显。

The Impact of the South Asia High Bimodality on the Chemical Composition of the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere

The South Asia High （SAH） is the dominant feature of the circulation in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere （UTLS） during the boreal summer, and the upper tropospheric anticyclonic circulation extends into the lower stratosphere. The preferred locations of the center of the SAH occur in two different regions, and the center can be located over the Iranian Plateau or over the Tibetan Plateau. This bimodality has an impact on the distribution of chemical constituents in the UTLS region. We analyzed water vapor （H20）, carbon monoxide （CO）, and ozone （03） data derived from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder （MLS） and total column ozone data from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument （OMI）. For the Iranian Plateau mode of the SAH, the tropospheric tracers exhibited a positive anomaly over the Iranian Plateau and a negative anomaly over the Tibetan Plateau, whereas the stratospheric tracer exhibited a negative and a positive anomaly over the Iranian Plateau and the Tibetan Plateau, respectively. For the Tibetan Plateau mode, however, the distribution of the anomaly was the reverse of that found for the chemical species in the UTLS region. Furthermore, the locations of the extrema within the anomaly seemed to differ across chemical species. The anomaly extrema for H20 occurred in the vicinity of the SAH ridgeline, whereas CO and O3 exhibited a northward shift of 4-8 degrees. These impacts of the variation in the SAH on the chemical constitutes in the UTLS region can be attributed in part to the dynamical structure delineated by the tropopause field and the temperature field at 100 hPa.

青藏高原上空臭氧时空分布特征

平流层臭氧对全球的气候变化具有十分重要的影响。为了研究青藏高原地区上对流层下平流层(UTLS)区域臭氧的时空分布特征,利用ECMWF臭氧再分析资料,通过经验正交函数(EOF)和回归分析的方法,分析了1979-2015年青藏高原UTLS区域臭氧在时间和空间上的变化特征。结果表明:整体上青藏高原UTLS区域的臭氧含量呈现南部低、北部高的空间分布特征,但南亚高压的顺时针环流也会将高纬度高浓度臭氧输送到低纬地区;青藏高原UTLS区域的臭氧含量在冬、春较高,夏、秋偏低,其中200 h Pa和150 h Pa上的臭氧变化基本一致。200 h Pa上的臭氧在高原33°N以南区域臭氧呈显著减少趋势,100 h Pa上整个高原地区的臭氧都呈现出显著性减少趋势;青藏高原地区夏季100 h Pa上的臭氧变化存在两个主要的模态,第一和第二模态的解释方差分别为59%和14.8%,第一主模态在空间上表现为全区一致性,第二主模态则表现出南-北反向特征。