Ghrelin regulates insulin resistance by targeting insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor via miR-455-5p in hepatic cells

Objective: To explore the mechanism by which ghrelin regulates insulin sensitivity through modulation of miR-455-5p in hepatic cells. Methods: HepG2 cells were treated with or without DAG (1 μM). Glucose consumption, intracellular glycogen content, phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt stimulated by insulin, expression of miR-455-5p, as well as IGF-1R protein level were analyzed. In addition, bioinformatic analysis, dual luciferase reporter assay, miR- 455-5p mimic or inhibitor treatment was conducted to investigate the molecular mechanisms. Results: High glucose treatment upregulated miR-455-5p expression but reduced glucose consumption and glycogen content. DAG reversed the effect of high glucose on glucose metabolism, increased protein level of IGF-1R and phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt stimulated by insulin, as well as downregulated miR-455-5p expression. Bioinformatic analysis indicated IGF-1R was the target of miR-455-5p. Dual luciferase reporter assay, as well as transfection with miR-455-5p mimic/inhibitor confirmed that DAG activated IGF-1R/PI3K/Akt signaling via inhibiting miR-455-5p. Conclusion: DAG improves insulin resistance via miR-455-5p- mediated activation of IGF-1R/PI3K/Akt system, suggesting that suppression of miR-455-5p or activation of DAG may be potential targets for T2DM therapy.

UV-阳离子杂化体系及其在喷墨阻焊中的应用研究

喷墨打印是一种较为新颖的无接触式印刷技术,高效、经济、环保的特点使其在阻焊制程中有广泛的发展前景。本研究通过对比紫外光固化涂层的固化速度、附着力和硬度等性能,从市售的5种阳离子单体中,优选出脂环族环氧单体3,4-环氧环己基甲酸-3’,4’-环氧环己基甲酯(TTA-21)作为杂化体系的阳离子单体。选择质量比为2∶3的TTA-21/1,6-己二醇二丙烯酸酯(HDDA)混杂体系配方为研究对象,对其反应转化率、固化程度、热性能、热稳定性以及所制备油墨在阻焊中的应用进行研究。研究结果表明:(1)在LED光照下,自由基组分和阳离子组分均会发生聚合反应,自由基体系的反应速度快,且反应转化率更高;阳离子反应速度慢,且转化率相对低,短时间内持续的光照并不能显著提升阳离子的反应转化率;在光-热双重固化下,阳离子环氧开环聚合与自由基双键加成反应的反应程度增加,固化进行得更彻底。(2)杂化体系的固化产物存在两相,但是热重曲线显示只有一个失重曲线,说明杂化体系经过LED加热烘烤后,体系中可能形成了互穿交联网络结构;环氧组分和丙烯酸组分存在一定的微相分离结构,这种微相分离结构提升了固化膜的综合性能。(3)应用研究表明,制备的合格阻焊墨水黏度为8~14 mPa·s(45℃),表面张力在22 mN/m左右,粒径在135~150 nm范围,耐溶剂、耐酸碱和耐焊锡性能均可以满足阻焊墨水的要求。

UV-LED耐黄变木器辊涂面漆的制备及性能研究

本研究围绕UV-LED固化光源的应用,探究了一种耐黄变涂料的制备工艺,以优化UV涂料的耐黄性为重点,探讨多官能团单体、光引发剂、二苯甲酮等助剂对涂料性能的影响。对比不同组分对涂层的附着力、硬度和耐黄变性能的影响。结果表明,适量的多官能团单体对涂层的硬度、附着力有增强作用,但过量则会产生负作用;氧磷类光引发剂有利于提高抗黄性;使用二苯甲酮需要在抗黄性和成本之间平衡。添加紫外光吸收剂、阻胺光稳定剂,可使涂层耐黄变性保持长期稳定。

在UV/H_(2)O_(2)去除对乙酰氨基酚工艺中Br^(-)的影响及其转化规律

Br^(-)是水和废水中常见的卤素离子,在高级氧化过程(advanced oxidation processes, AOPs)中通过形成不同种类的Br相关物种来发挥多种作用。在Br^(-)存在条件下,采用对乙酰氨基酚(acetaminophen, AAP)模拟废水进行UV/H_(2)O_(2)对其降解效能、机理以及Br^(-)转化规律的研究。结果表明,UV/H_(2)O_(2)降解AAP过程中,最佳去除率达到99.1%,但Br^(-)的加入抑制了AAP的降解和矿化,O~·_(2)和OH~·是UV/H_(2)O_(2)降解含Br^(-)的AAP模拟废水中主要活性物质,贡献率分别为45.5%和34.0%。当Br^(-)存在时,中性条件下,AAP降解速率最快,其一级动力学常数为0.048 4 min~(-1);其中活性溴物种(reactive bromide species, RBSs)对AAP降解的贡献率为14.1%。自由基浓度模拟结果表明,Br^(·-)_(2)可能在有机溴的形成过程中发挥着重要的作用。H_(2)O_(2)的直接还原作用导致Br^(-)转化率仅为18.0%。此外,由于溴自由基的加成,容易生成一些具有生态毒性的副产物,并通过分析溴代产物推测了AAP的降解路径。

UV/SO_(3)^(2-)工艺去除水体中溴酸盐的效果

紫外/亚硫酸盐(UV/SO_(3)^(2-))工艺是一种通过产生强还原性的活性自由基来降解污染物的高级还原工艺(ARPs)。文章研究了UV/SO_(3)^(2-)工艺降解溴酸盐(BrO_(3)^(-))的效能与机制。结果表明,UV/SO_(3)^(2-)工艺还原BrO_(3)^(-)符合拟一级动力学模型;增大UV光照强度、SO_(3)^(2-)投加量、溶液pH,去除溶液中的溶解氧(DO),可有效提高Br O_(3)^(-)的去除率;水体中的HCO_(3)^(-)、Cl^(-)和天然有机物会不同程度地抑制BrO_(3)^(-)的降解;自由基淬灭试验显示水合电子(eaq)是UV/SO_(3)^(2-)工艺降解BrO_(3)^(-)的主要活性物质,并由此推断出可能的BrO_(3)^(-)降解路径。

Identification and Evaluation of Insect and Disease Resistance in Transgenic Cry1Ab13-1 and NPR1 Maize

PCR detection,quantitative real-time PCR(q-RTPCR),outdoor insect resistance,and disease resistance identification were carried out for the detection of genetic stability and disease resistance through generations(T2,T3,and T4)in transgenic maize germplasms(S3002 and 349)containing the bivalent genes(insect resistance gene Cry1Ab13-1 and disease resistance gene NPR1)and their corresponding wild type.Results indicated that the target genes Cry1Ab13-1 and NPR1 were successfully transferred into both germplasms through tested generations;q-PCR confirmed the expression of Cry1Ab13-1 and NPR1 genes in roots,stems,and leaves of tested maize plants.In addition,S3002 and 349 bivalent gene-transformed lines exhibited resistance to large leaf spots and corn borer in the field evaluation compared to the wild type.Our study confirmed that Cry1Ab13-1 and NPR1 bivalent genes enhanced the resistance against maize borer and large leaf spot disease and can stably inherit.These findings could be exploited for improving other cultivated maize varieties.

Relationship Between Serum microRNA-372-3p and Glucose Transporter 4 Levels and Insulin Resistance in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Objective:To observe the changes in insulin resistance in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)based on the detection of serum microRNA-372-3p and glucose transporter protein 4(GLUT4)levels.Methods:We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 42 patients who were diagnosed with GDM and hospitalized in our hospital during the period from January 2017 to December 2021 and another 42 patients who had normal pregnancy during the same period by collecting their clinical data.We analyzed their serum microRNA expression profiles and miR-372-3p levels to study the relationship between GDM and insulin resistance.Results:The relative expression of miR-372-3p in the serum of patients in the GDM group was significantly higher than that of patients in the control group,but the GLUT 4 level of the GDM group was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the GDM group had significantly higher levels of fasting blood glucose(FBG),fasting insulin(FINS),2-hour postprandial blood glucose(2h-BG),total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)index but significantly lower homeostasis model assessment ofβ-cell function(HOMA-β)index(P<0.05).The relative expression of miR-372-3p in serum was independently and positively correlated with HOMA-IR,while the level of GLUT4 was independently and negatively correlated with HOMA-IR(P<0.05).Conclusion:Glycosylated hemoglobin test in the early stages of pregnancy(12–13 weeks of gestation)is important to ensure the health of pregnant women and fetuses.The screening and intervention for elevated glucose in pregnant women act as a guideline for the treatment of GDM.Patients with insulin resistance and related complications such as hyperinsulinemia and hypoglycemia should be given priority.

Genetic Study on JS399-19 Resistance in Hyphal Fusion of Fusarium graminearum by Using Nitrate Nonutilizing Mutants as Genetic Markers

Twenty-two nitrate nonutilizing （nit） mutants were recovered from five wild-type isolates of Fusarium graminearum and fifty nit mutants were recovered from three JS399-19-resistant mutants of F. graminearum cultured on MMC medium. Some biological properties were compared between nit mutants and their parental isolates. The results showed that there were no significant differences in growth rate, cultural characters or pathogenicity between JS399-19-resistant nit mutants and their parental isolates. But the conidial production and the sexual reproduction ability changed to some extent. There was no cross resistance toward chlorate and JS399-19 in F. graminearum and the resistance could be stable through 20-time subcultures. Therefore, the nit could be used as a genetic marker for studying the genetics of JS399-19 resistance in E graminearum, which was used to study JS399-19 resistance transferability in hyphal fusion. Resistance in JS399-19 could not be transferred by hyphal fusion or could be transferred with low chance between two compatible isolates, which would delay the development of JS399-19 resistance in the field.

装饰用UV延迟固化环保型胶粘剂制备及性能分析

针对传统热固化技术中效率低、材料强度低等问题,制备一种UV延迟固化胶粘剂,并对其工艺进行优化,研究其强度、热稳定性、耐化学性等。试验结果表明,选择25%EP3作为活性稀释剂,1%TR-PAG-20101作为阳离子光引发剂,光固化时间为10 s;试验制备的25%EP3UV延迟固化胶粘剂的粘接强度为(3.52±0.16)MPa,拉伸剪切强度为3.6 MPa,固化反应时间在5 min之内,热分解温度在300℃以上;材料在沸水和酸性溶液(pH=2)环境下,强度依然较好,其中,酸性溶液浸泡后强度为(3.36±0.40)MPa。因此,试验制备的UV延迟固化胶粘剂具备良好的力学性能。

UV引发硫醇-烯反应制备OLED屏封装用八乙烯基倍半硅氧烷/聚氨酯丙烯酸酯液态光学胶

有机发光器件(OLED)是新一代显示屏,其中用于显示屏组件间粘接的液态光学透明胶(LOCA)是OLED的关键材料之一,高折射率、高导热性及高稳定性的LOCA对OLED性能尤为重要。文中采用八乙烯基倍半硅氧烷(OvPOSS)作为增强填料、三羟甲基丙烷三(3-巯基丙酸酯)(TTMP)作为交联剂,通过简单的UV引发硫醇-烯反应将OvPOSS接枝到具有良好黏附性和光学性能的聚氨酯丙烯酸酯(PUA)树脂中,制备出高透明性高折射率的LOCA。研究表明,制备的LOCA在365 nm UV照射20 s内即可固化,相比商用UV胶几分钟的固化时间,固化速度更快、能耗更低;当OvPOSS的质量分数为7%时,相比纯的PUA,折射率提高到1.525以上,热分解温度(T_(d5%))比纯PUA提高了30℃,玻璃化转变温度提高了5.3℃,导热系数从0.0609 W/(m·K)提高到0.1710 W/(m·K),粘接强度从3.16 MPa提高到3.48 MPa,室温日照1440 h后仍可达到99%以上的可见光透过率,水中浸渍3600 h后吸水率仅为0.52%,低于目前文献中的0.70%(24 h),在光电器件封装中具有较大应用前景。

高卤染料废水采用UV/SO_(3)^(2-)工艺减毒过程中的中间产物及其毒性变化规律研究

染料废水含有大量难降解有机污染物,其中的有机卤代物通常具有较大的毒性和生态风险,但这类物质在常规的生物处理和化学处理工艺中的去除效果不佳。针对染料废水的脱卤困境,研究采用UV/SO_(3)^(2-)高级还原工艺对染料废水进行还原脱卤。在初始pH为8.5,SO_(3)^(2-)投加量为40 mmol·L^(-1)的条件下,废水中52.2%的可吸附有机卤素(adsorbable organic halogens,AOX)可以在反应开始6 h后被去除,更高的初始pH和更大的SO_(3)^(2-)投加量均有利于提升AOX的去除率。中间体的定性和半定量研究揭示了染料废水中部分氯代苯胺类物质的还原脱卤路径,发现苯胺很可能是这些物质还原脱卤的主要产物。废水中有机物的平均预测毒性揭示了还原过程中废水急性毒性的变化趋势。这一趋势与T_(3)发光杆菌和小球藻的急性毒性评价结果一致。此外,染料废水的AOX浓度与T_(3)发光杆菌的发光抑制率呈现正相关关系,而且染料废水经过还原脱卤后,尽管水中盐含量有所增加,其EC_(50)由1.26 mg·L^(-1)增加到5.94 mg·L^(-1),这也证明了还原脱卤过程可以降低出水的急性毒性。因此,UV/SO_(3)^(2-)过程可以通过对水中有机卤代物的还原脱卤降低出水中的AOX,降低废水急性毒性和生态风险。

超声波联合UV-LED对耐四环素大肠杆菌的灭活效能

采用超声波-UV-LED联合工艺以期实现对污水中抗生素耐药菌(ARB)的去除,通过逐一分析不同频率超声波(33,120,200kHz)、不同波长UV-LED(255,275nm)对耐四环素大肠杆菌的灭活以及膜损伤效能,从而确定超声波联合UV的工艺参数.结果表明,单独超声波作用时,33kHz超声波效果最佳,在输入功率为50W、输入剂量为1080kJ/L时,大肠杆菌的灭活率为2.30log,细胞膜损伤百分比为61.09%;单独UV-LED作用下,辐照剂量为19.92mJ/cm^(2)的255nm UV-LED对细菌的灭活率为5.32log,细胞膜的损伤百分比为2.52%;275nm UV-LED对细菌的灭活率为4.63log,膜损伤百分比为34.95%;但是二者联合使用未产生协同效应.超声波联合UV-LED可使消毒效能显著提升至7.45log,细胞膜损伤提高至68.74%,且能够有效抑制大肠杆菌的复活,复活率降低至0.4%,超声波联合UV-LED在细菌耐药性控制方面显现出巨大的潜力.

海藻酸钠-纳米氧化锌复合膜的制备及表征

为改善海藻酸钠膜的性能,并赋予其一定的抑菌性。以海藻酸钠为成膜基材,添加不同含量的纳米氧化锌作为抗菌、抗紫外物质,制备一种具有抗菌、抗紫外双重功能的复合包装薄膜。借助紫外光谱、X射线衍射图谱等对复合膜结构进行表征,对复合膜的机械性能、阻湿性能及光学性能进行测试并分析。结果表明,纳米氧化锌的加入没有改变海藻酸钠膜的结构,复合膜有较强的抗紫外性能,纳米氧化锌与海藻酸钠相容性良好;复合膜具有抗菌性,对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效果强于大肠杆菌。纳米氧化锌的加入提高了复合膜的机械性能与阻湿性能,当纳米氧化锌含量为5%时,有最大的拉伸强度17.13 MPa,最小的水蒸气透过系数8.05×10^(-11) g/(m·s·Pa)。ALG-5%ZnO为最佳配比的复合膜。研究为纳米氧化锌在包装薄膜领域的应用提供参考。

Activity of the Fungicide JS399-19 Against Fusarium Head Blight of Wheat and the Risk of Resistance

This report reviews the characteristics of JS399-19, a novel cyanoacrylate fungicide. JS399-19 strongly inhibits the mycelial growth of the fungal plant pathogens of the genus Fusarium and exhibits great potential in controlling Fusarium head blight （FHB） on wheat and other cereals. The mode of action of JS399-19 is evidently different from that of benzimidazole （for example, carbendazim） and other sort of fungicides, making it a possible replacement for carbendazim in China to manage carbendazim-resistant subpopulations of Fusarium graminearum and F. asiaticum. JS399-t9 has excellent protective and curative activity against these pathogens. Incorrect use of this fungicide, however, is likely to select for resistance. Among JS399-19-resistant mutants of F. asiaticum induced in the laboratory, the resistant level of mutants was high and the phenotype of resistance against JS399-19 was conferred by a major gene by genetic analysis. The fitness of laboratory-induced JS399-19-resistant mutants of F. asiaticum was nearly equal to that of their parents. JS399-19 lacks cross resistance with other sort fungicides. To control FHB with JS399-19 and to delay the development of the fungicide-resistance, farmers should use tank mixtures containing JS399-19 and carbendazim, metconazole, tebuconazole, or prothioconazole.

Identification of candidate genes for aphid resistance in upland cotton by QTL mapping and expression analysis

Lignin is one of the main components of cell walls and is essential for resistance to insect pests in plants.Cotton plants are damaged by aphid(Aphis gossypii) worldwide but resistant breeding is undeveloped due to scarce knowledge on resistance genes and the mechanism. This study reported a lignin biosynthesisrelated gene identified in the F_(2) population derived from the cross between cotton cultivars Xinluzao 61(resistant to aphid) and Xinluzao 50(susceptible to aphid). A quantitative trait locus was mapped on chromosome D04 with a logarithm of odds(LOD) score of 5.99 and phenotypic effect of 27%. RNA-seq analysis of candidate intervals showed that the expression level of GH_D04G1418 was higher in the resistant cultivar than in the susceptible cultivar. This locus is close to AtLAC4 in the phylogenetic tree and contains a conserved laccase domain. Hence, it was designated GhLAC4-3. Silencing of GhLAC4-3 in Xinluzao 61 via virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS) resulted in decreased lignin content and increased susceptibility to aphids. These results suggest that GhLAC4-3 might enhance aphid resistance by regulating lignin biosynthesis in cotton.

疏水耐磨UV固化聚硅氧烷涂层的制备及性能

以含氢硅油、1,2-环氧-5-己烯和烯丙基苯基醚为原料,通过硅氢加成,采用一锅法合成了可UV固化的前驱体并固化得到了一系列无氟聚硅氧烷涂层。通过静态水接触角、耐磨擦、透过率、附着力及硬度的测试,考察了交联密度和芳香基团含量对UV固化聚硅氧烷涂层的性能影响。结果表明,提高交联密度有利于涂层的附着力,然而过高的交联密度会影响其透明性。芳香基团由于极性较低,可以提高涂层的疏水性,但其含量过高也会导致涂层附着力下降。当环氧基团和苯环数量为1∶1时,即涂层PSO-3,附着力水平为1级,在800 nm处透过率为86.71%,静态水接触角可达104°。同时,由于刚性的芳香基团的引入,涂层PSO-3还具有良好的耐磨性能,经20次摩擦循环后水接触角仍达98°。

Structure of Micro-nano WC-10Co4Cr Coating and Cavitation Erosion Resistance in NaCl Solution

Cavitation erosion （CE） is the predominant cause for the failure of overflow components in fluid machinery. Advanced coatings have provided an effective solution to cavitation erosion due to the rapid development of surface engineering techniques. However, the influence of coating structures on CE resistance has not been sys- tematically studied. To better understand their relationship, micro-nano and conventional WC-10Co4Cr cermet coat- ings are deposited by high velocity oxygen fuel spray- ing（HVOF）, and their microstructures are analyzed by OM, SEM and XRD. Meanwhile, characterizations of mechan- ical and electrochemical properties of the coatings are carried out, as well as the coatings＇ resistance to CE in 3.5 wt % NaC1 solution, and the cavitation mechanisms are explored. Results show that micro-nano WC-10Co4Cr coating possesses dense microstructure, excellent mechanical and electrochemical properties, with very low porosity of 0.26 4-0.07% and extraordinary fracture toughness of 5.58 4-0.51 MPa.m1/2. Moreover, the CE resistance of micro-nano coating is enhanced above 50% than conventional coating at the steady CE period in 3.5 wt % NaC1 solution. The superior CE resistance of micro- nano WC-10Co4Cr coating may originate from the unique micro-nano structure and properties, which can effectively obstruct the formation and propagation of CE crack. Thus,a new method is proposed to enhance the CE resistance of WC-10Co4Cr coating by manipulating the microstructure.

Influence of rare earth elements on corrosion resistance of BFe10-1-1 alloys in flowing marine water

The corrosion behavior of BFe10-1-1 alloy with different rare earth （RE） contents in simulated flowing marine water was investigated by X-ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscope （SEM）. It was demonstrated that the corrosion rate of BFel0-1-1 alloy with the same chemical compositions in faster flow velocity of marine water was higher than that in a lower flow velocity of marine water. Fixing the flow velocity, BFe 10-1-1 alloy had the best flushing corrosion resistance when the RE content was 0.04wt.%. The consequence of such good corrosion resistance was attributed to the formation of compact protective film on alloy surface containing RE phase such as CeNis. The RE-contained film combines with other corrosion products firmly, which was difficult to fall off from the alloy surface in the flowing marine water. Additionally, SEM analysis confirmed that pitting mechanism, which would be transformed to spalling mechanism gradually with further increasing RE content, was the prevalent mechanism when the alloy contained 0.04wt.%RE.

Characterization and functional analysis of β-1,3-galactosyltransferase involved in Cry1Ac resistance from Helicoverpa armigera(Hübner)

Carbohydrate chains are the principal antigens by which Bacillus thuringiensis（Bt） identify receptor proteins. The interaction between the antigen and Bt causes a pore in the membrane of midgut epithelial cells of insects. Receptor proteins, such as aminopeptidase N and alkaline phosphatase, are glycoproteins. Cadherin is another cell surface receptor protein which has potential glycosylation sites. Glycosyltransferase is very important for the synthesis and modification of receptor proteins. It can indirectly influence the function of Bt. The 1 950 bp full-length c DNA encoding β-1,3-galactosyltransferase was cloned from the the midgut of Helicoverpa armigera by degenerative PCR combined with RACE techniques（GAL-Harm, Gen Bank accession no.： GQ904195.1） with two potential N-glycosylation sites（^157NNTI^160 and ^272NKTL^275）. Protein sequence alignments revealed that H. armigera β-1,3-galactosyltransferase shared high identity with β-1,3-galactosyltransferase in other insect species. The expression level of the β-1,3-galactosyltransferase gene in Cry1Ac-resistant H. armigera larvae was 9.2-fold higher than that in susceptible strain. The function of β-1,3-galactosyltransferase was investigated using RNAi technique. The result showed Cry1 Ac enhanced the toxicity against the si RNA-treated larvae compared with non-si RNA-treated ones, which indicated β-1,3-galactosyltransferase played an important role for the insecticidal toxicity of Cry1 Ac in H. armigera.

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定塑料食品接触材料中受阻胺光稳定剂UV4050的迁移量

以水、4%(体积分数)乙酸溶液、异辛烷以及体积分数分别为10%,20%,50%,95%的乙醇溶液作食品模拟物,按照GB 5009.156-2016和GB 31604.1-2015的规定进行迁移试验。除异辛烷外的其余6种食品模拟物的浸泡液直接进样分析;取异辛烷浸泡液10 mL,加入10 mL 40%(体积分数)甲醇溶液,振摇1 min,静置30 min,取下层甲醇溶液,过0.22μm有机滤膜,滤液上机测定。色谱分析采用ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18色谱柱作固定相,含0.1%(体积分数)甲酸的50%(体积分数)甲醇溶液作流动相进行等度洗脱分离。质谱分析采用电喷雾离子源正离子(ESI+)和多反应监测(MRM)模式进行检测。结果显示,不同食品模拟物中受阻胺光稳定剂UV4050的质量浓度在5~200μg·L^(-1)内和对应的峰面积呈线性关系,测定下限(10S/N)为0.6~2.4μg·L^(-1)。按照标准加入法进行回收试验,回收率为88.1%~109%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为0.90%~8.9%,并成功用于实际塑料食品接触材料样品的分析。