UV-B不同剂量辐照下生菜生长和代谢组学分析

以奶油生菜为研究材料,在植物工厂人工光源中设置3种紫外线B(UV-B)剂量[0、8.64、17.28 kJ/(m^(2)·d)]处理,利用广靶代谢组学技术,分析不同剂量UV-B辐照下生菜叶片中的差异代谢物质,研究UV-B辐照对生菜生物量、光合参数和次生代谢物的影响。结果表明,与0剂量相比,低剂量UV-B处理对生菜生物量、光合参数均未产生显著影响,代谢组检测到30种差异代谢产物,主要为生物碱、酚类、萜类等物质,其中9种上调表达,21种下调表达;高剂量UV-B处理显著降低了生菜地上部干重、地下部干重、气孔导度和蒸腾速率,但地上部鲜重、净光合速率均未呈现显著差异,共检测到35个差异表达代谢物,其中21种上调表达,14种下调表达,上调表达的代谢物主要为黄酮类、单萜等,生菜叶片槲皮素含量在低剂量、高剂量UV-B处理下均显著增加。研究结果可为利用UV-B辐照提高设施生菜营养品质提供理论依据和参考。

UV-B照射时长对酿酒葡萄果实品质及类黄酮代谢产物的影响

为探明UV-B照射时长对赤霞珠酿酒葡萄果实品质及类黄酮物质的影响,试验设立UV-B每天分别照射2、4、6、8 h共4个梯度,以不进行UV-B照射为对照(CK),对不同UV-B照射时长葡萄果实品质及类黄酮物质进行检测分析。结果表明,短时间的UV-B照射会增加果实中可溶性糖含量,UV-B不同照射时长处理的总酚、单宁、总类黄酮、黄烷-3-醇和总花色苷含量均增加;UV-B不同照射时长对酿酒葡萄果皮中的类黄酮代谢产物影响显著,筛选出差异代谢物13个,其中5种物质显著上调、8种物质显著下调;在类黄酮和次生代谢产物合成通路上分别富集了7个差异代谢物,占代谢物总数的77.78%。利用主成分对果实品质和果皮类黄酮产物测定值进行综合评价,得分从高到低依次为UV-B照射2 h>UV-B照射8 h>UV-B照射4 h>UV-B照射6 h>CK。UV-B照射酿酒葡萄赤霞珠2 h时,果实品质和类黄酮代谢产物表现最佳。

Are TrkB receptor agonists the right tool to fulfill the promises for a therapeutic value of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor?

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling via its receptor tro pomyosin receptor kinase B regulates several crucial physiological processes.It has been shown to act in the brain,promoting neuronal survival,growth,and plasticity as well as in the rest of the body where it is involved in regulating for instance aspects of the metabolism.Due to its crucial and very pleiotro pic activity,reduction of brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels and alterations in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor/tropomyosin receptor kinase B signaling have been found to be associated with a wide spectrum of neurological diseases.Howeve r,because of its poor bioavailability and pharmacological properties,brain-derived neurotrophic factor itself has a very low therapeutic value.Moreover,the concomitant binding of exogenous brain-derived neurotrophic factor to the p75 neurotrophin receptor has the potential to elicit several unwanted and deleterious side effects.Therefo re,developing tools and approaches to specifically promote tropomyosin receptor kinase B signaling has become an important goal of translational research.Among the newly developed tools are different categories of tropomyosin receptor kinase B receptor agonist molecules.In this review,we give a comprehensive description of the diffe rent tro pomyosin receptor kinase B receptor agonist drugs developed so far and of the res ults of their application in animal models of several neurological diseases.Moreover,we discuss the main benefits of tropomyosin receptor kinase B receptor agonists,concentrating especially on the new tropomyosin receptor kinase B agonist antibodies.The benefits observed both in vitro and in vivo upon application of tropomyosin receptor kinase B receptor agonist drugs seem to predominantly depend on their general neuroprotective activity and their ability to promote neuronal plasticity.Moreover,tro pomyosin receptor kinase B agonist antibodies have been shown to specifically bind the tropomyosin receptor kinase B receptor and not p75 neurotrophin receptor.Therefore,while,based on the current knowledge,the tropomyosin receptor kinase B receptor agonists do not seem to have the potential to reve rse the disease pathology per se,promoting brainderived neurotrophic factor/tro pomyosin receptor kinase B signaling still has a very high therapeutic relevance.

外源褪黑素对UV-B胁迫下水稻幼苗生理特性及抗氧化系统的影响

褪黑素作为一种广谱的抗氧化剂,已被证明在植物的多种逆境胁迫中发挥重要的保护作用。为探讨外源褪黑素(MT)对UV-B胁迫下水稻幼苗生理特性及抗氧化系统的影响,以日本晴为试验材料,待水稻幼苗生长至22 d时,于22:00时对其叶面喷施100μmol/L MT,置于黑暗中进行暗处理,预处理2 d后,每天09:00—20:00进行UV-B+100μmol/L MT处理,探究UV-B胁迫(80 W)下外源喷施100μmol/L MT对水稻幼苗生长、叶绿素含量、活性氧水平以及MDA含量、抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,UV-B+100μmol/L MT处理3 d后,水稻幼苗的株高、根长、鲜重和干重与UV-B处理相比分别提高25.8%、12.3%、21.6%和20.6%;叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素含量与UV-B处理相比分别提高52.6%、39.6%、44.4%;UV-B处理后水稻幼苗中的丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化氢(H2O2)、超氧阴离子自由基(O_(2)^(-)·)、游离脯氨酸含量以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性均显著高于对照,可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量显著低于对照,用UV-B+100μmol/L MT处理后,水稻幼苗中的MDA、H_(2)O_(2)、O_(2)^(-)·含量以及游离脯氨酸含量均较UV-B处理显著降低,SOD、POD活性以及可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量均较UV-B处理显著提高。相关性分析结果表明,MDA含量与游离脯氨酸、H2O2含量之间呈显著正相关,叶绿素a(Chl a)、类胡萝卜素(Car)含量与可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量以及CAT活性之间互呈显著正相关。由此可见,外源喷施MT可以使水稻在紫外胁迫下保持良好的长势,降低膜脂过氧化损伤程度,提高抗氧化酶活性,有效缓解UV-B胁迫对水稻幼苗造成的氧化损伤。

UV-B增强后秸秆还田分解对土壤氮转化微生物及酶活性的影响

为明确UV-B辐射增强对水稻秸秆化学成分的影响,阐释UV-B辐射增强后秸秆还田分解特征及其对稻田土壤氮素转化的间接效应,本研究在元阳梯田(海拔1600 m)开展大田试验,以当地水稻品种白脚老粳为研究对象,研究UV-B辐射增强(5.00kJ·m^(-2))对水稻秸秆化学成分及其还田后秸秆降解、土壤氮素转化的影响。结果表明:UV-B辐射增强显著降低水稻秸秆纤维素含量,增加木质素含量,提高秸秆木质素/氮;并导致秸秆纤维素、木质素、总氮的降解速率总体降低,最大降幅分别达38.7%、18.1%、25.8%。与自然光照秸秆相比,UV-B辐射后的秸秆还田显著降低土壤固氮细菌、氨化细菌、硝化细菌和反硝化细菌数量,增加土壤蛋白酶、氨单加氧酶、硝酸还原酶活性,提高土壤硝化和反硝化速率。相关性分析表明,秸秆木质素/氮与秸秆降解速率呈极显著负相关;秸秆纤维素、木质素、总氮降解速率与硝酸还原酶活性呈显著正相关,后者又与N_(2)O排放通量呈显著正相关;硝化细菌数量与NO_(3)^(-)-N含量呈负相关。研究表明,UV-B辐射增强通过提高秸秆木质素/氮,抑制秸秆纤维素、木质素、总氮降解,减少土壤氨化细菌数量,增加氨单加氧酶和硝酸还原酶活性,从而促进土壤NH_(4)^(+)-N向NO_(3)^(-)-N转化,导致N2O排放通量增加。

模拟增强UV-B辐射下台农一号芒果抗氧化响应机理

【目的】研究增强UV-B辐射下台农一号芒果果肉抗氧化还原性成分的响应机理,为全球气候变化下芒果生产提供理论参考。【方法】以自然光照射为对照,设人工模拟增强UV-B辐射,强度为96 k J/(m^(2)·d)处理。2021年花后30 d(12月18日)至花后90 d(2022年2月17日)、2022年花后40 d(12月1日)至花后90 d(2023年1月21日),每隔10 d取芒果果肉样本1次,分别取样共7和6次。在果肉中测定各采样时期的总黄酮、总酚、超氧阴离子、过氧化氢(H_(2)O_(2))和丙二醛(MDA)含量,以及苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)酶活性、相对电导率(REC)的动态变化。【结果】经增强UV-B辐射处理后,第1和2年活性氧(ROS)中超氧阴离子含量随时间的增加均呈逐渐升高趋势,超氧阴离子在第1年花后90 d、翌年花后70~90 d,辐射处理显著高于对照(P<0.05,下同);辐射处理的H_(2)O_(2)变化趋势则为第1年先下降后上升,仅花后90 d辐射处理显著高于对照,翌年总体上下降,花后70~90 d辐射处理均显著高于对照。芒果果肉中总酚和总黄酮含量2年动态变化均整体呈下降趋势,总酚在第1年花后50 d、翌年花后50和60 d,辐射处理显著高于对照;总黄酮在第1年花后40和50 d、翌年花后50和60 d,辐射处理显著高于对照。MDA含量和REC的2年变化趋势均为下降后上升,其中MDA含量在第1年花后40 d、翌年花后50 d,对照显著高于辐射处理,而2年在花后90 d MDA含量和REC均表现为辐射处理显著高于对照。芒果果肉辐射处理的PAL活性在第1年呈下降—上升—下降的变化趋势,花后40 d辐射处理显著高于对照,花后90 d时无显著差异;翌年呈上升—下降—上升的变化趋势,辐射处理50~70 d均表现为显著差异。PPO活性2年测定中的动态变化均呈先降后升的变化趋势,第1年在辐射处理40、60、70和80 d PPO活性显著高于对照,翌年花后60和90 d辐射处理显著高于对照。【结论】增强UV-B辐射处理下的芒果主要通过调节PAL活性来控制合成以黄酮为主的酚类化合物,并作为应对UV-B辐射的高效抗氧化剂。

彩色马铃薯响应UV-B辐射的转录组分析

[目的]探究彩色马铃薯对UV-B辐射具有较强耐受性的机理,通过转录组分析马铃薯对UV-B辐射响应的分子机制,为筛选马铃薯耐UV-B辐射相关基因提供理论依据。[方法]以彩色马铃薯‘花心洋芋’为试验材料,对全生育期进行UV-B辐射处理,选取成熟期的块茎,采用Illumina HiseQ2500平台进行测序分析。[结果]共得到232 285 320个有效测序读长数,且与参考基因组比对率超过78.5%,GC含量均超过42.1%。通过分析筛选到843个差异表达基因(DEGs),包括544个上调基因和299个下调基因。GO功能分析表明,‘花心洋芋’的DEGs主要富集在代谢过程、细胞组分和催化活性。KEGG富集分析发现,‘花心洋芋’主要通过代谢途径中的碳水化合物代谢通路来响应UV-B辐射,转录因子主要是ARR-B、AP2-EREBP、MADS、bHLH和NAC等,与响应光信号和环境胁迫相关。[结论]‘花心洋芋’响应UV-B辐射的主要通路为代谢途径中的碳水化合物代谢通路,转录因子ARR-B、AP2-EREBP、MADS、bHLH和NAC均起到一定的调控作用。

Role of bitter contributors and bitter taste receptors:a comprehensive review of their sources,functions and future development

Bitterness,one of the 5“basic tastes”,is usually undesired by humans.However,abundant literature reported that bitter fruits and vegetables have beneficial health effects due to their bitter contributors.This review provided an updated overview of the main bitter contributors of typical bitter fruits and vegetables and their health benefits.The main bitter contributors,including phenolics,terpenoids,alkaloids,amino acids,nucleosides and purines,were summarized.The bioactivities and wide range of beneficial effects of them on anti-cancers,anti-inflammations,anti-microbes,neuroprotection,inhibiting chronic and acute injury in organs,as well as regulating behavior performance and metabolism were reported.Furthermore,not only did the bitter taste receptors(taste receptor type 2 family,T2Rs)show taste effects,but extra-oral T2Rs could also be activated by binding with bitter components,regulating physiological activities via modulating hormone secretion,immunity,metabolism,and cell proliferation.This review provided a new perspective on exploring and explaining the nutrition of bitter foods,revealing the relationship between the functions of bitter contributors from food and T2Rs.Future trends may focus on revealing the possibility of T2Rs being targets for the treatment of diseases,exploring the mechanism of T2Rs mediating the bioactivities,and making bitter foods more acceptable without getting rid of bitter contributors.

外源褪黑素提高马铃薯幼苗UV-B辐射耐性的转录组学分析

随着人类活动对大气层臭氧的破坏,导致到达地面的UV-B辐射增强,而严重的UV-B辐射会直接导致马铃薯产量、品质大幅度降低。马铃薯作为云南省重要的粮食作物,由于云南省具有特殊的地理位置,使马铃薯面临的UV-B辐射较为严峻。为探究褪黑素对增强马铃薯耐UV-B辐射的分子机制,以马铃薯品种合作88为试验材料,对外源褪黑素处理UV-B辐射下的马铃薯叶片进行转录组测序,并进行基因本体(gene ontology, GO)功能聚类分析及京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, KEGG)功能聚类分析。结果表明,褪黑素可以促进马铃薯植株中缬氨酸、亮氨酸和异亮氨酸生物合成及精氨酸、脯氨酸代谢,提高内质网上蛋白质的加工水平,促进抗氧化物质编码基因的表达,激活UVR8等UV-B辐射的响应基因,从而缓解UV-B辐射对马铃薯植株的危害。综上所述,适量浓度的褪黑素对提高马铃薯耐UV-B辐射有积极作用,研究结果可为马铃薯抗UV-B辐射机制解析提供新的证据,并为其抗UV-B辐射研究提供一定的分子基础。

Precision targeting in hepatocellular carcinoma:Exploring ligandreceptor mediated nanotherapy

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most common primary liver cancer and poses a major challenge to global health due to its high morbidity and mortality.Conventional chemotherapy is usually targeted to patients with intermediate to advanced stages,but it is often ineffective and suffers from problems such as multidrug resistance,rapid drug clearance,nonspecific targeting,high side effects,and low drug accumulation in tumor cells.In response to these limitations,recent advances in nanoparticle-mediated targeted drug delivery technologies have emerged as breakthrough approaches for the treatment of HCC.This review focuses on recent advances in nanoparticle-based targeted drug delivery systems,with special attention to various receptors overexpressed on HCC cells.These receptors are key to enhancing the specificity and efficacy of nanoparticle delivery and represent a new paradigm for actively targeting and combating HCC.We comprehensively summarize the current understanding of these receptors,their role in nanoparticle targeting,and the impact of such targeted therapies on HCC.By gaining a deeper understanding of the receptor-mediated mechanisms of these innovative therapies,more effective and precise treatment of HCC can be achieved.

Transient receptor potential channels as predictive marker and potential indicator of chemoresistance in colon cancer

Transient receptor potential(TRP)channels are strongly associated with colon cancer development and progression.This study leveraged a multivariate Cox regression model on publicly available datasets to construct a TRP channels-associated gene signature,with further validation of signature in real world samples from our hospital treated patient samples.Kaplan-Meier(K-M)survival analysis and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were employed to evaluate this gene signature’s predictive accuracy and robustness in both training and testing cohorts,respectively.Additionally,the study utilized the CIBERSORT algorithm and single-sample gene set enrichment analysis to explore the signature’s immune infiltration landscape and underlying functional implications.The support vector machine algorithm was applied to evaluate the signature’s potential in predicting chemotherapy outcomes.The findings unveiled a novel three TRP channels-related gene signature(MCOLN1,TRPM5,and TRPV4)in colon adenocarcinoma(COAD).The ROC and K-M survival curves in the training dataset(AUC=0.761;p=1.58e-05)and testing dataset(AUC=0.699;p=0.004)showed the signature’s robust predictive capability for the overall survival of COAD patients.Analysis of the immune infiltration landscape associated with the signature revealed higher immune infiltration,especially an increased presence of M2 macrophages,in high-risk group patients compared to their low-risk counterparts.High-risk score patients also exhibited potential responsiveness to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy,evident through increased CD86 and PD-1 expression profiles.Moreover,the TRPM5 gene within the signature was highly expressed in the chemoresistance group(p=0.00095)and associated with poor prognosis(p=0.036)in COAD patients,highlighting its role as a hub gene of chemoresistance.Ultimately,this signature emerged as an independent prognosis factor for COAD patients(p=6.48e-06)and expression of model gene are validated by public data and real-world patients.Overall,this bioinformatics study provides valuable insights into the prognostic implications and potential chemotherapy resistance mechanisms associated with TRPs-related genes in colon cancer.

Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B2:A promising biomarker for colorectal cancer

According to the latest global cancer statistics,colorectal cancer(CRC)has emerged as the third most prevalent malignant tumor across the globe.In recent decades,the medical field has implemented several levels of CRC screening tests,encompassing fecal tests,endoscopic examinations,radiological examinations and blood tests.Previous studies have shown that leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B2(LILRB2)is involved in inhibiting immune cell function,immune evasion,and promoting tumor progression in acute myeloid leukemia and nonsmall cell lung cancer.However,its interaction with CRC has not been reported yet.Recently,a study published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology revealed that LILRB2 and its ligand,angiopoietin-like protein 2,are markedly overexpressed in CRC.This overexpression is closely linked to tumor progression and is indicative of a poor prognosis.The study highlights the potential of utilizing the concentration of LILRB2 in serum as a promising biomarker for tumors.However,there is still room for discussion regarding the data processing and analysis in this research.

PRaG 3.0 therapy for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma:A case report

BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)is a highly fatal disease with limited effective treatment especially after first-line chemotherapy.The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER-2)immunohistochemistry(IHC)positive is associated with more aggressive clinical behavior and shorter overall survival in PDAC.CASE SUMMARY We present a case of multiple metastatic PDAC with IHC mismatch repair proficient but HER-2 IHC weakly positive at diagnosis that didn’t have tumor regression after first-line nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine and PD-1 inhibitor treatment.A novel combination therapy PRaG 3.0 of RC48(HER2-antibody-drug conjugate),radio-therapy,PD-1 inhibitor,granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-2 was then applied as second-line therapy and the patient had confirmed good partial response with progress-free-survival of 6.5 months and overall survival of 14.2 month.She had not developed any grade 2 or above treatment-related adverse events at any point.Percentage of peripheral CD8^(+) Temra and CD4^(+) Temra were increased during first two activation cycles of PRaG 3.0 treatment containing radiotherapy but deceased to the baseline during the maintenance cycles containing no radiotherapy.CONCLUSION PRaG 3.0 might be a novel strategy for HER2-positive metastatic PDAC patients who failed from previous first-line approach and even PD-1 immunotherapy but needs more data in prospective trials.

MicroRNA-630 alleviates inflammatory reactions in rats with diabetic kidney disease by targeting toll-like receptor 4

BACKGROUND Diabetic kidney disease(DKD)is a major complication of diabetes mellitus.Renal tubular epithelial cell(TEC)damage,which is strongly associated with the inflammatory response and mesenchymal trans-differentiation,plays a significant role in DKD;However,the precise molecular mechanism is unknown.The recently identified microRNA-630(miR-630)has been hypothesized to be closely associated with cell migration,apoptosis,and autophagy.However,the association between miR-630 and DKD and the underlying mechanism remain unknown.AIM To investigate how miR-630 affects TEC injury and the inflammatory response in DKD rats.METHODS Streptozotocin was administered to six-week-old male rats to create a hypergly cemic diabetic model.In the second week of modeling,the rats were divided into control,DKD,negative control of lentivirus,and miR-630 overexpression groups.After 8 wk,urine and blood samples were collected for the kidney injury assays,and renal tissues were removed for further molecular assays.The target gene for miR-630 was predicted using bioinformatics,and the association between miR-630 and toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)was confirmed using in vitro investigations and double luciferase reporter gene assays.Overexpression of miR-630 in DKD rats led to changes in body weight,renal weight index,basic blood parameters and histopathological changes.RESULTS The expression level of miR-630 was reduced in the kidney tissue of rats with DKD(P<0.05).The miR-630 and TLR4 expressions in rat renal TECs(NRK-52E)were measured using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.The mRNA expression level of miR-630 was significantly lower in the high-glucose(HG)and HG+mimic negative control(NC)groups than in the normal glucose(NG)group(P<0.05).In contrast,the mRNA expression level of TLR4 was significantly higher in these groups(P<0.05).However,miR-630 mRNA expression increased and TLR4 mRNA expression significantly decreased in the HG+miR-630 mimic group than in the HG+mimic NC group(P<0.05).Furthermore,the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),and IL-6 were significantly higher in the HG and HG+mimic NC groups than in NG group(P<0.05).However,the levels of these cytokines were significantly lower in the HG+miR-630 mimic group than in the HG+mimic NC group(P<0.05).Notably,changes in protein expression were observed.The HG and HG+mimic NC groups showed a significant decrease in E-cadherin protein expression,whereas TLR4,α-smooth muscle actin(SMA),and collagen IV protein expression increased(P<0.05).Conversely,the HG+miR-630 mimic group exhibited a significant increase in E-cadherin protein expression and a notable decrease in TLR4,α-SMA,and collagen IV protein expression than in the HG+mimic NC group(P<0.05).The miR-630 targets TLR4 gene expression.In vivo experiments demonstrated that DKD rats treated with miR-630 agomir exhibited significantly higher miR-630 mRNA expression than DKD rats injected with agomir NC.Additionally,rats treated with miR-630 agomir showed significant reductions in urinary albumin,blood glucose,TLR4,and proinflammatory markers(TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-6)expression levels(P<0.05).Moreover,these rats exhibited fewer kidney lesions and reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells.CONCLUSION MiR-630 may inhibit the inflammatory reaction of DKD by targeting TLR4,and has a protective effect on DKD.

P2Y1 receptor in Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer’s disease is the most frequent form of dementia characterized by the deposition of amyloid-beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles consisting of hyperphosphorylated tau.Targeting amyloid-beta plaques has been a primary direction for developing Alzheimer’s disease treatments in the last decades.However,existing drugs targeting amyloid-beta plaques have not fully yielded the expected results in the clinic,necessitating the exploration of alternative therapeutic strategies.Increasing evidence unravels that astrocyte morphology and function alter in the brain of Alzheimer’s disease patients,with dysregulated astrocytic purinergic receptors,particularly the P2Y1 receptor,all of which constitute the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease.These receptors are not only crucial for maintaining normal astrocyte function but are also highly implicated in neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease.This review delves into recent insights into the association between P2Y1 receptor and Alzheimer’s disease to underscore the potential neuroprotective role of P2Y1 receptor in Alzheimer’s disease by mitigating neuroinflammation,thus offering promising avenues for developing drugs for Alzheimer’s disease and potentially contributing to the development of more effective treatments.

青稞BBX基因家族鉴定及其对UV-B的响应

B-box(BBX)蛋白是植物中一类重要的转录因子,在控制植物生长发育、响应环境胁迫中起着重要作用。本研究从青稞(Hordeum vulgare L.var.nudum Hook.f.)全基因组中鉴定出18个青稞BBX基因家族成员,分析了它们的理化性质、基因结构、进化关系及UV-B照射幼苗后的表达特性等。结果表明:青稞BBX基因的编码序列(CDS)长度为636~2 223 bp;分子质量为22.07~54.29 kDa。系统发育分析将18个HvnBBX分为4个亚类。共线性分析表明青稞种内共产生4对片段复制形成的基因对,种间与玉米进化关系更近;HvnBBX启动子区域包含与逆境胁迫、激素、生长发育等相关顺式作用元件。转录组测序结果显示UV-B照射后青稞叶片中有5个BBX基因(HvnBBX2/4/5/6/17)的表达量显著下调,qRT-PCR验证结果与转录组测序一致。上述结果为深入研究HvnBBX基因的抗紫外功能提供参考。

UV-B irradiation enhances the accumulation of beneficial glucosinolates induced by melatonin in Chinese kale sprout

Cruciferous sprout is a new form of vegetable product rich in bioactive compounds,especially glucosinolates.Previous studies have focused on increasing the accumulation of glucosinolates in cruciferous sprouts by applying different chemical regulators,with a particular focus on their contribution to nutritional quality and health benefits.Nevertheless,the effects of melatonin and UV-B irradiation on glucosinolate biosynthesis remain unclear.In this study,it was found that changes in melatonin concentrations significantly affected the contents of individual as well as total aliphatic and indolic glucosinolates.The 5μmol·L^(-1)melatonin was decided as the optimum concentration that could increase the content of beneficial glucosinolates including glucoraphanin and 4-methoxy glucobrassicin in Chinese kale sprouts.Notably,the enhancement of glucosinolate accumulation by melatonin treatment could be further amplified by UV-B irradiation.Furthermore,our results showed that R2R3-MYB transcription factor BoaMYB28 and BoaMYB51,which are central regulators of aliphatic and indolic glucosinolate biosynthesis respectively,were both involved in the regulation of glucosinolate biosynthesis by melatonin and UV-B irradiation.Additionally,the expression of glucosinolate biosynthetic genes,including BoaCYP79F1,BoaCYP83A1,BoaSUR1,BoaUGT74B1,BoaCYP79B2,BoaCYP79B3,and BoaCYP83B1 participated in the formation of core structures and BoaFMOGS-OX5,BoaAOP2,BoaCYP81F2,and BoaIGMT1 involved in the sidechain modification of aliphatic and indolic glucosinolate,was regulated by melatonin or UV-B irradiation.Taken together,these findings provide a potential strategy for improving the nutritional quality and resistance of Chinese kale sprouts.

Melanocortin 3,5 receptors immunohistochemical expression in colonic mucosa of inflammatory bowel disease patients:A matter of disease activity?

BACKGROUND Melanocortin 3 and 5 receptors(i.e.,MC3R and MC5R)belong to the melanocortin family.However,data regarding their role in inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD)are currently unavailable.AIM This study aims to ascertain their expression profiles in the colonic mucosa of Crohn’s disease(CD)and ulcerative colitis(UC),aligning them with IBD disease endoscopic and histologic activity.METHODS Colonic mucosal biopsies from CD/UC patients were sampled,and immunohisto-chemical analyses were conducted to evaluate the expression of MC3R and MC5R.Colonic sampling was performed on both traits with endoscopic scores(Mayo endoscopic score and CD endoscopic index of severity)consistent with inflamed mucosa and not consistent with disease activity(i.e.,normal appearing mucosa).RESULTS In both CD and UC inflamed mucosa,MC3R(CD:+7.7 fold vs normal mucosa,P<0.01;UC:+12 fold vs normal mucosa,P<0.01)and MC5R(CD:+5.5 fold vs normal mucosa,P<0.01;UC:+8.1 fold vs normal mucosa,P<0.01)were significantly more expressed compared to normal mucosa.CONCLUSION MC3R and MC5R are expressed in the colon of IBD patients.Furthermore,expression may differ according to disease endoscopic activity,with a higher degree of expression in the traits affected by disease activity in both CD and UC,suggesting a potential use of these receptors in IBD pharmacology.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists:A new hope towards the management of alcoholic liver disease

In this editorial,we examine a paper by Koizumi et al,on the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor(PPAR)agonists in alcoholic liver disease(ALD).The study determined whether elafibranor protected the intestinal barrier and reduced liver fibrosis in a mouse model of ALD.The study also underlines the role of PPARs in intestinal barrier function and lipid homeostasis,which are both affected by ALD.Effective therapies are necessary for ALD because it is a critical health issue that affects people worldwide.This editorial analyzes the possibility of PPAR agonists as treatments for ALD.As key factors of inflammation and metabolism,PPARs offer multiple methods for managing the complex etiology of ALD.We assess the abilities of PPARα,PPARγ,and PPARβ/δagonists to prevent steatosis,inflammation,and fibrosis due to liver diseases.Recent research carried out in preclinical and clinical settings has shown that PPAR agonists can reduce the severity of liver disease.This editorial discusses the data analyzed and the obstacles,advantages,and mechanisms of action of PPAR agonists for ALD.Further research is needed to understand the efficacy,safety,and mechanisms of PPAR agonists for treating ALD.

On the Impairment of Stress-Induced Changes in Triglyceride Levels via a Sub-Toxic Dose of Unmethylated Cytidine Phosphate Guanosine Oligodinucleotide (a Toll-Like Receptor 9 Ligand)

Changes in lipid metabolism have been implicated in protection against infectious diseases. In the first experiment of this study, we measured clinical lipid parameters in a murine model where the unmethylated cytidine phosphate guanosine (CpG) oligodinucleotide (ODN1826), a Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonist was administered in combination with D-galactosamine (GalN) that caused relatively liver-specific inflammation and toxicity. In the control mice group injected with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (acute psychological stress model associated with blood sampling), the serum triglyceride (TG) levels showed a rapid decrease followed by a rebound at 24 h as we have recently reported. However, such a TG rebound was impaired in the CpG/GalN- and solely CpG-treated groups of mice despite an absence of liver injury based on serum alanine aminotransferase levels in the latter group. Thus, the stress-associated serum TG rebound was abrogated by the injection of a sub-hepatotoxic CpG dose. In the second experiment, we simply measured the hepatic CD36 and SACRB1 (the gene for scavenger receptor B1 (SR-B1)) transcripts after the i.p. administration of PBS, CpG or CpG/GalN. There was a remarkable elevation of hepatic CD36 transcript expression in both the CpG- and CpG/GalN-treated mice at 8 h post-CpG injection whereas the increase in the PBS-treated mice was slower than the former two groups, suggesting that hepatic CD36 transcript expression is more pronounced in the combined stress models than under psychological stress alone. The individual mice data showed that the increase in CD36 expression was accompanied by a reduction in SCARB1 mRNA, showing reciprocal regulation between these two genes. Together with our previously reported findings, these data suggest that, in a murine model combining psychological stress with TLR-triggered hepatic inflammation, the psychological stress facilitates liver uptake of plasma TG (and its components fatty acids), but the subsequent re-esterification and/or release of TG-rich lipoproteins from the liver is impaired due to the concomitant TLR-signaling. We hypothesize that lipid metabolism during acute stress shifts toward an elevated hepatic uptake of lipids due to concomitant TLR signaling, facilitating the clearance of bacterial lipids by the liver.