Re-understanding and Thinking about Environmental Impact of Coal-fired Power Plants under Ultra-low Emission

From the perspective of development background,concepts and related policies of ultra-low emission,according to work practice,some issues and difficulties that need to be paid attention to in the environmental impact assessment of ultra-low-emission thermal power projects were discussed from the aspects of evaluation criteria,evaluation grade and scope,pollution control technical lines,environmental benefit accounting,and total emission control,and corresponding recommendations were put forward.

Traditional Chinese Medicine-Based Subtyping of Early-Stage Type 2 Diabetes Using Plasma Metabolomics Combined with Ultra-Weak Photon Emission

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is increasing rapidly worldwide.Because of the limited success of generic interventions,the focus of the disease study has shifted toward personalized strategies,particularly in the early stages of the disease.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is based on a systems view combined with personalized strategies and has improved our knowledge of personalized diagnostics.From a systems biology perspective,the understanding of personalized diagnostics can be improved to yield a biochemical basis for such strategies;for example,metabolomics can be used in combination with other system-based diagnostic methods such as ultra-weak photon emission(UPE).In this study,we investigated the feasibility of using plasma metabolomics obtained from 44 pre-T2DM subjects to stratify the following TCM-based subtypes:Qi-Yin deficiency,Qi-Yin deficiency with dampness,and Qi-Yin deficiency with stagnation.We studied the relationship between plasma metabolomics and UPE with respect to TCM-based subtyping in order to obtain biochemical information for further interpreting disease subtypes.Principal component analysis of plasma metabolites revealed differences among the TCM-based pre-T2DM subtypes.Relatively high levels of lipids(e.g.,cholesterol esters and triglycerides)were important discriminators of two of the three subtypes and may be associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease.Plasma metabolomics data indicate that the lipid profile is an essential component captured by UPE with respect to stratifying subtypes of T2DM.The results suggest that metabolic differences exist among different TCM-based subtypes of pre-T2DM,and profiling plasma metabolites can be used to discriminate among these subtypes.Plasma metabolomics thus provides biochemical insights into system-based UPE measurements.

The Role of Consciousness in Healing Therapies: A Brief History of Ancestral Energies, Biofield and Ultra-Weak Photon Emission

Healing therapies are a set of techniques used with the aim of transfusing healthy “bioenergy” to other people in order to restore physical, mental, and emotional balance. It is necessary that something is donated from the healer, that is, something results from his organic metabolism. Also, based on your physical, mental, and emotional health, the energy resulting from your metabolism is assumed to be healthy for the healing of patients. On the other hand, also in many cases, healing does not occur due to the “vicious” quality of the energy to be transfused and the low receptivity of the patient. However, in most cases, it depends not only on the healer but also on the receiver, but usually on other healers, such as higher order consciousnesses. In fact, in many cases of healing, the effect is almost instantaneous with just the healer’s “magnetic energy”, especially in painful crises. Without a doubt, I believe that biophoton is an anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antibacterial and immunomodulatory bioenergy. The healing effectiveness of these therapies is well established. It is a cell-restoring product that can rebuild tissues and organs in a short time, which in many cases leads to the restoration of the patient’s health and well-being. The aim of this study is to address a brief history of ancestral energies of Asian philosophy (Chinese, Japanese and Indian), highlight the role of consciousness and the healer in healing therapies. In addition, the study emphasizes the similarity of these energies with the one called “ectoplasm”, as well as it establishes connections with the newly elected ultra-weak emission of photons. Finally, bibliographic research was carried out in an English language database and innovative concepts were introduced about the role of consciousness as well as the healer in healing therapies.

CO_(2) mineralization by typical industrial solid wastes for preparing ultrafine CaCO_(3): A review

Mineral carbonation is a promising CO_(2) sequestration strategy that can utilize industrial wastes to convert CO_(2) into high-value CaCO_(3).This review summarizes the advancements in CO_(2) mineralization using typical industrial wastes to prepare ultrafine CaCO_(3).This work surveys the mechanisms of CO_(2) mineralization using these wastes and its capacities to synthesize CaCO_(3),evaluates the effects of carbonation pathways and operating parameters on the preparation of CaCO_(3),analyzes the current industrial application status and economics of this technology.Due to the large amount of impurities in solid wastes,the purity of CaCO_(3) prepared by indirect methods is greater than that prepared by direct methods.Crystalline CaCO_(3) includes three polymorphs.The polymorph of CaCO_(3) synthesized by carbonation process is determined the combined effects of various factors.These parameters essentially impact the nucleation and growth of CaCO_(3) by altering the CO_(2) supersaturation in the reaction system and the surface energy of CaCO_(3) grains.Increasing the initial pH of the solution and the CO_(2)flow rate favors the formation of vaterite,but calcite is formed under excessively high pH.Vaterite formation is favored at lower temperatures and residence time.With increased temperature and prolonged residence time,it passes through aragonite metastable phase and eventually transforms into calcite.Moreover,polymorph modifiers can decrease the surface energy of CaCO_(3) grains,facilitating the synthesis of vaterite.However,the large-scale application of this technology still faces many problems,including high costs,high energy consumption,low calcium leaching rate,low carbonation efficiency,and low product yield.Therefore,it is necessary to investigate ways to accelerate carbonation,optimize operating parameters,develop cost-effective agents,and understand the kinetics of CaCO_(3) nucleation and crystallization to obtain products with specific crystal forms.Furthermore,more studies on life cycle assessment(LCA)should be conducted to fully confirm the feasibility of the developed technologies.

Progressive Failure Analysis of Quasi-isotropic Self-reinforced Polyethylene Composites by Comparing Unsupervised and Supervised Classifications of Acoustic Emission Data

Unsupervised and supervised pattern recognition( PR)techniques are used to classify the acoustic emission( AE) data originating from the quasi-isotropic self-reinforced polyethylene composites,in order to identify the various mechanisms in the multiangle-ply thermoplastic composites. Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene / low density polyethylene( UHMWPE / LDPE)composites were made and tested under quasi-static tensile load. The failure process was monitored by the AE technique. The collected AE signals were classified by unsupervised and supervised PR techniques, respectively. AE signals were clustered with unsupervised PR scheme automatically and mathematically. While in the supervised PR scheme,the labeled AE data from simple lay-up UHMWPE / LDPE laminates were utilized as the reference data.Comparison was drawn according to the analytical results. Fracture surfaces of the UHMWPE / LDPE specimens were observed by a scanning electron microscope( SEM) for some physical support. By combining both classification results with the observation results,correlations were established between the AE signal classes and their originating damage modes. The comparison between the two classifying schemes showed a good agreement in the main damage modes and their failure process. It indicates both PR techniques are powerful for the complicated thermoplastic composites. Supervised PR scheme can lead to a more precise classification in that a suitable reference data set is input.

Ultra-Net Emission and Solid Waste Transfer of Air Pollutants in Steel, Power and Cement Industries—The Idea of Construction and Key Technology of Denitration Engineering Transformation and By-Product Formation

In this paper, an integrated desulfurization and denitrification technology is proposed for ultra-low emissions of SO2 and NOx in the steel, power and cement industries. A cost-effective and operationally efficient control strategy is realized through a forced oxidation-absorption-reduction process, which reduces equipment investment and operating costs. The technology was adapted to continuous and intermittent denitrification in different temperature zones, promoting the recycling of desulfurization and denitrification products. The study also explored the use of a highly active absorbent obtained by the hydration reaction of coal ash and lime from a power company for the desulfurization and denitrification of sintered flue gases in iron and steel mills, which produces by-products that can be used as retarding agents in the cement industry, resulting in a circular economy. The article emphasizes the importance of improving the lime digestion process and developing new denitrification agents for environmentally safe and cost-effective flue gas treatment.

Practice on Ultra-low Emission and Energy Efficient Technologies in Coal-fired Power Plants

Restructuring of China's energy mix is accelerating due to factors such as energy security,economic cost,climate change and environmental pressure.Efficient and clean utilization of coal-generated power therefore plays an increasingly important role in solving energy and environmental problems in China.Coal-fired power plants,with Shenhua Guohua Sanhe as one of the pioneers,followed trend of this era and adopted multiple ultra-low emission and energy efficient technologies,striving to be an industry leader in environmental protection,profitability and innovation.As a result,coal-fired power plants have seen ultra-low emissions of air pollutants and record-high energy efficiency,opening up a new era of more efficient and cleaner coal generation.By the end of 2015,Shenhua Group had had 45 ultra-low emission coal units,providing strong support for implementing of the national policy on ultra-low emission and energy efficient retrofit of coal-fired power plants across China.

Optical properties of ultra-thin InN layer embedded in InGaN matrix for light emitters

We theoretically investigate the optical properties of an ultra-thin InN layer embedded in InGaN matrix for light emitters. The peak emission wavelength extends from ultraviolet （374 nm） to green （536 nm） with InN quantum well thickness increasing from 1 monolayer to 2 monolayers, while the overlap of electron–hole wave function remains at a high level （larger than 90%）. Increase of In content in InGaN matrix provides a better approach to longer wavelength emission, which only reduces the spontaneous emission rate slightly compared with the case of increasing In content of the conventional InGaN quantum well. Also, the transparency carrier density derived from gain spectrum is of the same order as that in the conventional blue laser diode. Our study provides skillful design on the development of novel structure InN-based light emitting diodes as well as laser diodes.

考虑超碳需求响应的综合能源系统低碳优化调度

西北地区新能源发展迅速,充分利用当地独有的光热资源优势,同时结合火电低碳化改造与新能源协同运行,有利于推动当地能源系统绿色低碳转型。为尽最大限度地提升系统的减碳能力,提出一种基于源荷协同降碳的超碳需求响应模型,将动态碳排放因子作为分时电价的惩罚因子,从而将源侧碳信号传递至荷侧,驱使用户侧进行低碳性状态转移。首先,在日前调度阶段,构建预调度-再调度两阶段调度运行机制,再调度根据预调度的系统状态信息进行超碳需求响应,来深度降低系统碳排量。其次,将光热电站引入综合能源系统,与风电场、碳捕集电厂协同运行,从而构建高比例新能源场景,来验证超碳需求响应在此场景下的减碳效益。最后,建立了基于超碳需求响应的预调度-再调度两阶段低碳调度模型。经算例仿真分析表明,所提源荷协同降碳的新思路能有效提高系统的减碳能力,深入挖掘系统的降碳空间,提升系统的经济效益。

掺轻质砂超高性能混凝土的轴拉力学性能

为研究轻质砂对不同试件尺寸下超高性能混凝土(ultra high performance concrete,UHPC)拉伸应变强化性能的影响,采用轻质砂对原黄砂进行等体积替代,完成9组不同轻质砂体积率(0~35%)和不同试件厚度(30~100 mm)的单轴拉伸试验,并同步进行声发射实时探伤测试。结果表明:轻质砂体积率对UHPC弹性极限点对应应力和对应应变的影响较小,但轻质砂体积率由0增加到35%时,UHPC的极限抗拉强度和极限拉应变分别由10.6 MPa和2.35×10^(-3)提高到了19.4 MPa和4.3×10^(-3);轻质砂体积率大于15%时,UHPC的应变强化程度得到显著提升,试件内部产生的损伤点数更多且分布更均匀,展现出良好的裂缝控制能力;在相同轻质砂体积率下,UHPC的应变强化程度随试件厚度的增加而降低,且试件内部的损伤点趋于集中,表现出明显的尺寸效应。

浅谈中国未来大型水电装备技术挑战与创新

我国水电资源丰富、开发程度处于中等水平,远不及欧洲发达国家。“双碳”战略下,水电作为清洁能源,以其高调节性、高稳定性将在以新能源为主的新型电力系统中发挥“压舱石”作用。资源特点和经济性决定未来水电开发将朝向更高水头(高转速)、更大容量趋势发展,机组将具备高海拔环境运行、超高水头、超大容量的特点。开发难度极高,技术挑战前所未有,亟待攻克。该文从多个角度分析阐述特殊工况下我国水电装备开发面临的问题和技术挑战,探讨关键技术发展趋势以及创新技术应用潜力,为未来水电装备的技术创新和突破提供参考方向。

湿法脱硫“无梁网架式”喷淋系统分析及应用

本文利用有限元分析软件,对某电厂1000MW机组湿法脱硫喷淋塔“无梁网架式”喷淋系统喷淋模组进行建模,准确分析喷淋模组的应变、强度比和挠度情况。实测排放结果表明,烟尘和二氧化硫排放指标均超过了预期设计值,实现了超低排放,验证了“无梁网架式”喷淋系统的先进性和可靠性。

安徽省典型超低能耗居住建筑外墙材料全生命周期碳排放测算

通过调研安徽省的超低能耗居住建筑,总结出常用的保温形式和保温材料,结合实际项目,得出7种典型外墙构造。从全生命周期角度,对这7种外墙构造在建材生产阶段、建材运输阶段、外墙施工阶段、外墙维护阶段、外墙拆除阶段的碳排放量进行测算。结果表明:建材生产阶段的碳排放量占比最大,达到总碳排放量的70%以上;装配式比非装配式的总碳排放量降低6%左右;内外复合保温外墙的总碳排放量最大,比“夹心保温+外保温外墙”的碳排放量高18%以上,比外保温外墙的碳排放量高11%以上;不同的保温材料和墙体材料对外墙的总碳排放量影响较小。通过分析比较,得出碳排放最优的外墙构造,从建材角度为降碳提供依据和方法。

钢铁企业超低排放改造与A级企业创建实践

钢铁企业超低排放改造与A级企业创建需从有组织排放、无组织排放、清洁运输和监测监控等方面推进,通过超低排放的改造,企业不仅实现了污染减排,而且同步享受了差别电价、提升了企业的运行效率。

钢铁行业大气污染治理科技发展分析与展望

钢铁行业是我国工业领域重要的大气污染排放源之一,钢铁行业的大气污染治理是降低重点行业污染排放、打好污染防治攻坚战的重中之重。近年来,我国在钢铁行业大气污染治理方面取得了显著成果。总结了我国“十一五”以来钢铁行业污染防治科技工作的部署,并梳理分析了钢铁行业大气污染治理技术发展的阶段。基于末端治理、源头减排和过程控制、全过程耦合控制三个方面技术发展现状,剖析了当前我国钢铁行业在多污染物协同深度减排和实现超低排放面临的形势和问题。最后,面向“十四五”时期,聚焦碳达峰碳中和目标,提出了相关建议,旨在深化大气污染防治科技工作,为建设“美丽中国”和实现“双碳”目标提供关键科技支撑。在未来的发展中,我们有理由相信,在全社会的共同努力下,钢铁行业将迎来更加清洁、高效和可持续的发展。

硫酸盐-干湿循环下UHPC耐久性及本构模型研究

为研究干湿循环作用下超高性能混凝土(UHPC)经不同浓度硫酸盐溶液侵蚀后的单轴压缩损伤特征及应力-应变行为,从而有效评价不同侵蚀程度下UHPC的力学性能,对四组UHPC试件进行了硫酸盐和干湿循环耦合试验,证明UHPC试件的质量及立方体抗压强度随干湿循环周期发展呈先上升后下降。利用声发射(AE)系统研究了单轴压缩模式下的损伤演化,将UHPC的单轴压缩损伤过程分为了四个阶段,结果表明,应力-应变曲线的阶段性发展与声发射特征参数的趋势关联紧密,UHPC的损伤演化与声发射振幅(AEA)联系紧密。最后根据应力-应变数据建立了侵蚀损伤本构模型,该模型能够准确地反应UHPC经硫酸盐和干湿循环耦合作用后的单轴压缩损伤演化规律,可为盐碱地区混凝土结构的设计和安全运行提供参考。

低温加氢催化剂CT6-13在硫磺尾气处理系统的应用

中国石油四川石化有限责任公司硫磺回收装置采用加氢还原吸收工艺及专用加氢催化剂进行尾气处理。将低温加氢催化剂CT6-13与常规加氢催化剂CT6-5B从物性、装填方法及预硫化、技术性能等方面进行了对比。深入对比分析CT6-5B和CT6-13在尾气加氢反应器的应用情况,发现采用CT6-13催化剂,节能降耗效果明显,尾气排放满足总硫不大于50μL/L、SO_(2)排放浓度不大于100 mg/m^(3)的设计要求。配套高效脱硫剂CT8-26及烟气洗涤技术,可实现开工过程尾气达标排放及日常运行过程尾气SO_(2)排放浓度不大于5 mg/m^(3)的超低排放。在节能降耗的同时解决了开停工及异常工况下的绿色生产及制约硫磺回收装置尾气焚烧炉长周期运行瓶颈问题。

既有超高层建筑的绿色低碳改造研究

既有超高层建筑的碳排放是建筑领域碳排放的重要组成部分,但其绿色低碳改造的关键技术集成与创新还不充分,实现碳达峰、碳中和的技术路径还不清晰。本文分析了既有超高层建筑的碳排放核算标准、核算关注点、核算边界和核算方法,从而提出基于能效水平提升、用能结构优化、资源循环利用和ESG体系搭建的既有超高层建筑绿色低碳改造路径。

化学团聚耦合低温省煤器强化除尘协同脱硫废水零排放试验研究

煤燃烧产生的细颗粒物和烟气脱硫产生的脱硫废水是燃煤电厂污染治理的难点。该文提出一种化学团聚耦合低温省煤器强化除尘协同脱硫废水零排放的处理工艺。将加入团聚剂的工艺水或脱硫废水通过双流体雾化喷入低温省煤器前烟道,细颗粒物在化学团聚剂液桥力的作用下发生团聚长大,沿程水分蒸发后,液桥力转化为固桥力形成大的团聚体,耦合低温省煤器促进静电除尘器对细颗粒物的脱除效率。示范试验结果表明,运行化学团聚可使粉尘排放浓度降低63.1%,168 h内平均粉尘排放浓度为2.66 mg/m^(3);基于运行数据优化了团聚剂喷量与低温省煤器循环水量;连续运行脱硫废水对强化除尘效果没有明显影响,实现了超低排放以及脱硫废水零排放。

330 MW循环流化床锅炉深度调峰技术

为推进“双碳”政策的实施,消纳波动性较强的新能源并网发电,当前对火电机组的深度调峰要求越来越高。循环流化床(circulating fluidized bed,CFB)锅炉机组在深度调峰低负荷运行工况有着先天优势,但实现20%以下的超低负荷运行依然面临众多的困难,如炉内流化的稳定性、氮氧化物的排放及炉内局部超温带来的安全性等问题。以某330 MW CFB锅炉的深度调峰技术应用为例,介绍了输煤筛分破碎系统、风帽节流圈、下二次风管等机组部件的改造,并配合烟气再循环等技术应用,成功实现了18%的超低负荷深度调峰运行,同时也很好地控制了NOx的排放。最后总结了CFB机组超低负荷深度调峰技术的关键点和难点,对深度调峰运行带来的潜在问题进行了分析,并提出了相应的解决措施。研究结果具有重要的工程借鉴作用。