Ceramic Ultra Filtration Membrane Bioreactor for Domestic Wastewater Treatment

A long term domestic wastewater treatment experiment was conducted using a recirculating ceramic ultra filtration membrane bioreactor (CUFMB) system. Three experiments were run with a hydraulic retention time of 5h, sludge retention times of 5d, 15d, and 30d and a membrane surface flow rate of 4m/s. The experiment studied the membrane fouling mechanism and cleaning techniques. The results show that a CUFMB system can provide continuous good quality effluent which is completely acceptable for reuse. The system is also not affected by fluctuations of the inlet flow. The CUFMB sludge loading rate is similar to that of conventional biological treatment units. However, the volumetric loading rate of the CUFMB is 24 times that of conventional biological treatment units. Membrane fouling occurs due to channel clogging, which could be easily removed, and surface fouling, which can be effectively removed using the method described in this work which includes water rinsing, base cleaning, and acid washing.

Transformations of particles, metal elements and natural organic matter in different water treatment processes

Characterizing natural organic matter （NOM）, particles and elements in different water treatment processes can give a useful information to optimize water treatment operations. In this article, transformations of particles, metal elements and NOM in a pilot-scale water treatment plant were investigated by laser light granularity system, particle counter, glass-fiber membrane filtration, inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy, ultra filtration and resin absorbents fractionation. The results showed that particles, NOM and trihalomethane formation precursors were removed synergistically by sequential treatment of different processes. Preozonation markedly changed the polarity and molecular weight of NOM, and it could be conducive to the following coagulation process through destabilizing particles and colloids; mid-ozonation enhanced the subsequent granular activated carbon （GAC） filtration process by decreasing molecular weight of organic matters. Coagulation-flotation and GAC were more efficient in removing fixed suspended solids and larger particles; while sand-filtration was more efficient in removing volatile suspended solids and smaller particles. Flotation performed better than sedimentation in terms of particle and NOM removal. The type of coagulant could greatly affect the performance of coagulation-flotation. Pre-hydrolyzed composite coagulant （HPAC） was superior to FeCl3 concerning the removals of hydrophobic dissolved organic carbon and volatile suspended solids. The leakages of flocs from sand-filtration and microorganisms from GAC should be mitigated to ensure the reliability of the whole treatment system.

Discussion on design for alkaline cleaning system of continual annealing line

Conventional process flow and main work mechanism of alkaline cleaning process of Continual Annealing Line are generally reviewed in the paper,and the work flow of design is analysed including the lye,rinse water circuit,conductivity detection circuit,utility media supply circuit and other main working circuits.Meanwhile,the heat demand of the alkaline cleaning system,rinse water system and dryer device are also analysed.Lumped parameter method in the heat-transfer theory is adopted to calculate the heating time of unsteady heat transfer for strips in the on-line tank.And the reasons why brush roller is of inverse brush and rinsing nozzles are equipped at the inlet side are found.Types and working principles of iron removal and degreasing devices for alkaline cleaning system,which adopt new magnetic filtration and ultra filtration processes,are described.Besides,the bypass filtering method is used to calculate the processing capacity of magnetic filtration and ultra filtration devices.Finally,the related features of 3-Dimension software "PlantSpace" for designing a CAL in Baosteel are totally introduced,such as specification for piping,co-designing,pipe code and 3-Dimension design process.